Date post: | 23-Jun-2015 |
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Thana HaalSetaria italica (L.)
Group No 08
Introduction• One of the oldest cultivated crop• It was used in India, China and Egypt
before there were written records• Staple diet of some countries – South
India• Annual plant• C4 plant• Warm season crop
Cont’d
• Monocrop • Intercrop with cotton• The best integration in crop rotation is after
root or leguminous crops• Yield 800-900 kg/ha• Yield potentials of over three tons per hectare• less important both economically and as a
food due to poor yields and less popularity as food or feed
Cont’d
• Origin- China• Countries
ChinaIndia IndonesiaJapan
• Srilanka – Dry zone
Scientific classification
• Kingdom Plantae• Division Magnoliophyta• Class Magnoliopsida• Order poales• Family poaceae• Genus Setaria• Species Setaria italica(L)
Common names
• Thana Haal • foxtail millet• Dwarf setaria• Giant setaria• Hungarian millet• Liberty millet• Red rala
Uses
• As a food– porridge – Bread– Cooked as rice– Rotti
• making alcoholic beverages – beer in Russia
Cont’d• As a feed – high quality hay, pasture and green fodder– Grain as a feed for poultry & birds
• It can be used as a quick-growing crop in contour strips in dense populations for erosion control
• Foodstuff for individuals suffering from celiac disease
• Indigenous medicine, specially used in snake poisoning
Potentials
• Useful as an experimental crop to investigate many aspects – Lant architecture– Genome evolution– Physiology in the bioenergy grasses
Nutritional value of seed
• Protein 11%• Oil 4%• Crude fiber 6-7%• Higher content of essential amino acid• Vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin)• Ash 1.5%
Morphology
• Stem – Slim– Vertical– Leafy stems– Single stalk or a few tillers– Height of 120–200 cm
• Root– deep root system
Cont’d• Leaf – blade is wide-lanceolate– long-acuminate– brightly colored midrib– leaf edges serrate
• Inflorescence – Large– has main stalk with shortened branching
bearing spikes and bristles– 2 Flowers per spikelet, the upper bisexual
Cont’d
• Seed– Hundreds of seeds per inflorescence– Small– Diameter – around 2 mm– Has thin, papery hull which is easily
removed in threshing– Color : light yellow to brown, rusty and
black also
VarietiesGiant Setaria• Dual-purpose• Tall-growing type producing a good body of
leaf• 105 days• As a grazing crop, it should be subjected to
heavy quick grazing• Higher grain yield than dwarf setaria• The plant has no hair on the lower leaf-sheath,
distinguishing it from dwarf setaria
Cont’d
Dwarf Setaria• Only as a grain• 80 days• Less leaf than others• Dwarf setaria bears a profusion of hairs on the
lower leaf-sheath at 8-10 cm height
Recommended Varity by DOA Promising Varieties -ISC 480
Ecological requirement• Up to 2000 m(MSL)• RF : 500-700 mm– cannot tolerate waterlogging
• Temperature : 20-30 C ̊�• Drought tolerance -fairly tolerant escape some droughts because of early maturity• Light – long day – short day– day neutral
Soil
• sandy loams - clay loams• tolerates poor and dry soils• difficult to germinate on heavy clay soils
Propagation
• By seeds• Germination percentage : 75%• Ability to spread naturally• Spread from scattered seed
Land Preparation
• fine, firm seed-bed• land development an initial ploughing
Time of planting
• Maha -rainfed as well with supplementary irrigation when there are drought periods
• Maha - established with Maha rains that occur in latter part of September or first week of October for successful growth
• Yala -established with Yala rains that fall in later part of April
• By timely cultivation pest problems can be reduced
Sawing
• Usually drilled, but may be broadcast and harrowed
• Spacing 30*30 cm• 2-3cm deep• Temperature of soil between 8 to 10 °C• Except in sandy soils, rolling after planting is
desirable• Not like muddy conditions during germination• Seed requirement 5-7 kg/ha
Fertilizer recommendation
Urea Conc. SP MOPFertilizer requirement 125 50 50
Fertilizer application (Kg/ha)
Irrigation
• Normally grown under RF• During dry periods, irrigations are
required every 4-7 days depending on the severity of the drought and type of soil
Weed management
• controlled by manual methods – weeding – application pre- and post emergent
weed killers• Crops need to be maintained weed free
at least until flowering stage
Development of plant
• flowering 56-62 days• short generation time – approximately 5–8 weeks from
planting to flowering– 8–15 weeks from planting to seed
maturity
Pest & Disease problem
• Diseases– less affected by diseases– leaf and head blast– Green ear
• Pestsusceptible to bird attack in the field, and mice and rat invasions
Harvesting
• harvested before depletion of soil moisture• Seed heavy– Harvest with combines using a small seeds
box• harvested manually when grain moisture is
low and after physiological maturity is reached• Seed moisture is lowered by sun drying to a
safer level before shelling the seeds
Postharvest and storage
• Dried thoroughly before storage• Better to separate from impurities after
harvest• Drying has to be done if the crop is too moist
(optimum 14%)• Stored with husk but prior to its processing or
consumption the husk must be removed
Group members
• M.J.Watawana UWU/EAG/11/0036• J.A.K.Dhananjaya UWU/EAG/11/0039• P.M.Belpage UWU/EAG/11/0042
Thank you