The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China...

VOL. XXIV No. 11 November 2012 Rs. 10.00

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing from Nov. 8 to 14, 2012. A total of 2,309 delegates representing more than 82 million CPC members, attended this Congress. The delegates were elected across the country from April to July when local CPC committees held their own congresses.

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao met with Indian Prime Minister

Manmohan Singh in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on Nov. 19,

2012.

Chinese 100-member youth delegation visited Delhi, Agra,

Varanasi and Allahabad from Nov. 13 to 20, 2012. The

picture shows some members of the delegation receiving

interview with The Hindu.

A journalist asked questions at a press conference held by

the Press Centre of the 18th National Congress of the CPC

in Beijing, capital of China on Nov. 10, 2012.

Journalists gathered at a press conference held by the

Press Centre of the 18th National Congress of the

Communist Party of China (CPC) in Beijing, capital of

China, during Nov. 8 to 14, 2012.

Visitors watched a large screen displaying achievements

which China has gained under the leadership of the CPC in

the past decade, at the Tiananmen Square in central

Beijing, capital of China.

Members of the Guizhou delegation to the 18th National

Congress of the CPC attended the delegation’s panel

discussion in Beijing, capital of China on Nov. 9, 2012.

NEWS FROM CHINA /NOVEMBER 2012 3

CONTENTS

I. 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

1. Full Text of Hu Jintao’s Report at 18th Party Congress 4

2. Key Quotes from Hu Jintao’s Report to CPC National Congress 43

3. Full Text of Resolution on CPC Central Committee Report 45

4. Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping Meet Delegates to 18th CPC National Congress 50

5. Xi Leads Top Leadership, Meeting Press 51

6. Scientific Outlook on Development Becomes CPC’s Theoretical Guidance 54

7. China Never to Copy Western Political System 55

8. CPC Pledges Unremitting Efforts to Combat Corruption 57

9. China Committed to Peaceful Development 58

10. International Community Lauds CPC’s Vision of Building Well-off, Beautiful China 59

11. China’s 2020 Blueprint to Ripple through World 60

II. China-India RelationsII. China-India RelationsII. China-India RelationsII. China-India RelationsII. China-India Relations

1. Indian Political Parties Congratulate the Convening of the 18th National Congress 62of the Communist Party of China

2. Two Millennia Strong 63

3. Shed Burden of the Dead Past to Move Forward 65

4. India, I am Coming… 66

III. China TibetIII. China TibetIII. China TibetIII. China TibetIII. China Tibet

1. Tibetan Delegates: Livelihood Improved 67

2. Cooperation a Keyword for China Tibetan Culture Week in Poland 67

3. Poland-China Tibetan Culture Week Ends in Poland Successfully 68

4. China Funds Buddhism Dictionary to Promote Tibetology Research 70

5. Tibet Hits New Record in Tourist Number in 3Q 70

6. A Work Record of an 18-Year Program of Supporting Lhasa by Jiangsu Province 70

4 NEWS FROM CHINA /NOVEMBER 2012

Comrades,

I now wish to deliver the following report tothe Eighteenth National Congress of theCommunist Party of China on behalf of theSeventeenth Party Central Committee.

The Eighteenth National Congress is one ofgreat importance being held when China hasentered the decisive stage of completing thebuilding of a moderately prosperous society in allrespects. The underlying theme of the congress isto hold high the great banner of socialism withChinese characteristics, follow the guidance ofDeng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought ofThree Represents and the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment, free up the mind, implement thepolicy of reform and opening up, pool our strength,overcome all difficulties, firmly march on the pathof socialism with Chinese characteristics, andstrive to complete the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects.

At this moment when I address you, we areconvinced that thanks to over 90 years of hardstruggle, our Party has rallied and led the peopleof all ethnic groups of the country in turning thepoor and backward old China into an increasinglyprosperous and powerful new China and openingup bright prospects for the great renewal of theChinese nation. We are all the more proud of the

historic achievements of the Party and the people,we are all the more firm in the ideal and convictionof the Party and the people, and we are all themore aware of the historic responsibility of theParty.

At present, as the global, national and ourParty’s conditions continue to undergo profoundchanges, we are faced with unprecedentedopportunities for development as well as risks andchallenges unknown before. The whole Party mustkeep in mind the trust the people have placed inus and the great expectation they have of us. Wemust aim higher and work harder and continueto pursue development in a scientific way, promotesocial harmony, and improve the people’s lives soas to complete the glorious and arduous tasksbestowed on us by the times.

I. Our Work in the Past Five Years and the BasicExperience We Have Gained in the Past TenYears

Over the past five years since the SeventeenthParty Congress, we have marched boldly on thepath of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During these five years, we have overcomenumerous difficulties and risks and achieved newsuccesses in building a moderately prosperoussociety in all respects.

I. 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Full Text of Hu Jintao’s Report at 18th Party Congress

FIRMLY MARCH ON THE PATH OF SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICSAND STRIVE TO COMPLETE THE BUILDING OF A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS

SOCIETY IN ALL RESPECTS

Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China onNovember 8, 2012

Hu Jintao


The Seventeenth Party Congress adopted acomprehensive plan for promoting reform andopening up and socialist modernization andattaining the grand goal of building a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects. To implementthis decision of the Seventeenth Party Congress,the Central Committee has held seven plenarysessions, at which decisions were made andimplementing steps adopted on the following issuesof underlying importance: deepening reform of theadministrative system, promoting rural reform anddevelopment, improving and strengthening Partybuilding in a new environment, formulating theTwelfth Five-Year Plan and promoting reform anddevelopment of the cultural sector. During the pastfive years, we have fulfilled the goals of theEleventh Five-Year Plan and made good progressin implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, andwe have made new and major achievements in allfields of our work.

The economy has developed steadily andrapidly. China’s overall national strength hasgrown considerably. The gross domestic product(GDP) reached 47.3 trillion yuan in 2011, andgovernment revenue increased by a wide margin.The overall agricultural production capacity hasincreased and grain output has gone up year afteryear. Fresh progress has been made in adjustingthe industrial structure, and the infrastructure hasbeen extensively upgraded. Urbanization has beensteadily advanced, and development betweenurban and rural areas and between regions hasbecome better balanced. Notable progress has beenmade in making China an innovative country, andmajor breakthroughs have been made in mannedspaceflights, the lunar exploration program, andin the development of a manned deep-seasubmersible, supercomputers and high-speedrailways. Solid steps have been taken to promoteecological progress, and comprehensive progresshas been made in resource conservation and

environmental protection.Major progress has been registered in reform

and opening up. China’s overall rural reform, thereform in tenure of collective forests and the reformof state-owned enterprises have been deepened,and the non-public sector of the economy hasregistered sound growth. The country’s modernmarket system and macro-regulatory system havebeen steadily improved, and its reform of financeand taxation, banking, prices, science andtechnology, education, social security, medicineand public health, and public institutions hasprogressed steadily. China’s open economy hasreached a new level, and its import and exportvolume now ranks second in the world.

Living standards have been significantlyimproved. Efforts to improve the people’swellbeing have been intensified; urban and ruralemployment has continued to increase; individualincome has increased rapidly; household assetshave grown steadily; people’s need for dailynecessities such as clothing, food, housing andtransportation is better met; subsistence allowancesfor both urban and rural residents and the ruralpoverty line have been raised by a big margin; andbasic pensions for enterprise retirees have increasedcontinually.

New strides have been made in developingdemocracy and the legal system. Further progresshas been made in reforming the political structure.Urban and rural deputies to people’s congressesare now elected on the basis of the same populationratio. Community-level democracy has steadilydeveloped. The socialist system of laws withChinese characteristics has been established, andnotable achievements have been made in buildinga socialist country based on the rule of law. Thepatriotic united front has been consolidated andexpanded. The reform of the administrative systemhas deepened, and further progress has been madein the reform of the judicial system and the work


mechanisms of the judiciary.Development of the cultural sector has reached

a new stage. Intensive efforts have been made topromote core socialist values; comprehensiveprogress has been made in the reform of thecultural system; important headway has been madein providing public cultural services; the culturalindustry has grown rapidly; cultural creation andproduction is flourishing; and people enjoy richerintellectual pursuits and cultural entertainment.New progress has been made in public fitnessprograms and competitive sports.

Fresh progress has been made in socialdevelopment. Basic public services have improvedmarkedly, and access to them has become muchmore equitable. Education has developed rapidly,and free compulsory education is now availablein all urban and rural areas. Marked progress hasbeen made in developing the social security system;the basic old-age insurance system covering boththe urban and rural population has been fullyestablished, and a new type of social assistancesystem is taking shape. The whole population isnow basically covered by medical insurance; thebasic urban and rural healthcare systems aretaking shape. Construction of low-income housinghas been accelerated. We have strengthened andmade innovations in social management andmaintained social harmony and stability.

A new stage has been reached in efforts tostrengthen national defense and the armed forces.Significant achievements have been made in therevolution in military affairs with Chinesecharacteristics. Coordinated and all-aroundprogress has been made in efforts to ensure therevolutionary nature of the armed forces and thatthey are modern and follow standard proceduresin all operations. Military preparedness has beenenhanced. The armed forces have greatly enhancedtheir capability of carrying out their historic missionin this new stage in the new century, and they

have accomplished a host of urgent, difficult,dangerous and arduous tasks.

Work related to Hong Kong, Macao andTaiwan affairs has been further strengthened.Hong Kong and Macao have remained prosperousand stable, and their exchanges and cooperationwith the mainland have reached a new stage. Wehave achieved a major transition in the relationsbetween the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, withdirect and two-way links of mail service, transportand trade fully established, and the EconomicCooperation Framework Agreement between themhas been signed for implementation. All this haspromoted extensive mutual contacts and usheredin a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straitsrelations.

New progress has been made in China’sdiplomacy. We have staunchly protected China’sinterests and the legitimate rights and interests ofChinese nationals and legal persons overseas. Wehave increased exchanges and cooperation withother countries. We have promoted reform in globalgovernance, enhanced world peace anddevelopment, secured more representation and agreater say for China in international affairs, andcreated favorable international conditions forChina’s reform and development.

All-around progress has been made in Partybuilding. Further progress has been registered instrengthening the Party’s governance capacity andits advanced nature. Notable results have beenachieved in strengthening the Party theoretically.Significant achievements have been made instudying and applying the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment. Major progress has been made inconducting reform and innovation in Partybuilding. Intra-Party democracy has been furtherexpanded. Major progress has also been made instrengthening the ranks of Party officials; and newprogress has been registered in managing qualifiedprofessionals. We have intensified activities to


encourage Party members and organizations toexcel in their work and to build learning Partyorganizations. Community-level Partyorganizations have been strengthened. Newprogress has been made in improving Partyconduct, promoting integrity and combatingcorruption.

On the other hand, we must be keenly awarethat there is still much room for improvement inour work and there are a lot of difficulties andproblems on our road ahead. They include thefollowing: Unbalanced, uncoordinated andunsustainable development remains a big problem.The capacity for scientific and technologicalinnovation is weak. The industrial structure isunbalanced. Agricultural infrastructure remainsweak. Resource and environmental constraintshave become more serious. Many systemic barriersstand in the way of promoting development in ascientific way. The tasks of deepening reform andopening up and changing the growth modelremain arduous. The development gap betweenurban and rural areas and between regions is stilllarge, and so are income disparities. Socialproblems have increased markedly. There are manyproblems affecting people’s immediate interests ineducation, employment, social security, healthcare,housing, the ecological environment, food and drugsafety, workplace safety, public security, lawenforcement, administration of justice, etc. Somepeople still lead hard lives. There is a lack of ethicsand integrity in some fields of endeavor. Someofficials are not competent to pursue developmentin a scientific way. Some community-level Partyorganizations are weak and lax. A small numberof Party members and officials waver in the Party’sideal and conviction and are not fully aware of itspurpose. Going through formalities andbureaucratism as well as extravagance and wasteare serious problems. Some sectors are prone tocorruption and other misconduct, and the fight

against corruption remains a serious challenge forus. We must take these difficulties and problemsvery seriously and work harder to resolve them.

Our work in the past five years is an importantpart of our endeavor to build a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects in the past tenyears since the Sixteenth National Congress of theParty.

During these ten years, we have seized andmade the most of the important period of strategicopportunities for China’s development,successfully met major challenges and broughtsocialism with Chinese characteristics to a newstage of development. Facing a volatile globalenvironment and fierce competition in overallnational strength unseen before in this new stagein the new century, we have deepened reform andopening up and accelerated development. We tookChina’s accession to the World Trade Organizationas an opportunity to turn pressure into motivationand turn challenges into opportunities, and wehave forged ahead in building a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects. While we wereon the way, we overcame the unexpected outbreakof the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).On the basis of reviewing China’s developmentpractices, we gained a good understanding of theessential features of its development in the currentstage, set forth in a timely way major strategicthinking including the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment, and have fully applied it, and thusgreatly expanded the space for economic and socialdevelopment. After 2008, the global financial crisiscaused acute difficulties to China’s development.By making resolute decisions and taking majorcountermeasures on the basis of sizing up theoverall development in a scientific way, we madeChina’s economy the first in the world to make aturnaround, and we have gained importantexperience in effectively defusing externaleconomic risks and maintaining steady and robust


growth. We successfully hosted the Games of theXXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Gamesin Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai. Wewon great victories in responding to the massiveWenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province andother natural disasters and in post-disaster recoveryand reconstruction and settled major emergencies.Bracing ourselves against complex domestic andinternational developments, our Party and peoplehave stood severe tests, consolidated anddeveloped the cause of reform and opening up andsocialist modernization, and raised China’sinternational standing. All this shows thesuperiority and vitality of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and has enhanced the pride andcohesiveness of the Chinese people and nation.

Over the past ten years, we have achieved newhistoric successes and laid a solid foundation forcompleting the building of a moderately prosperoussociety in all respects. China’s economy has risenfrom the sixth to the second place in the world.The country has undergone new historic changes:Its productive forces and economic, scientific andtechnological strength have increasedconsiderably, the people’s living standards,individual income and social security haveimproved significantly, and its overall nationalstrength and international competitiveness andinfluence have been enhanced substantially.During this period, China has seen continuouseconomic development, steady improvement indemocracy, and increasing cultural prosperity andsocial stability, and we have worked hard to ensureand improve the people’s wellbeing and broughtthem more benefits than ever before. And all thisis widely recognized. These historic successes areattributable to the correct guidance of the Party’sbasic theory, line, program and experience; theyhave been achieved on the firm foundation laidsince the founding of New China in 1949 andparticularly since the adoption of the policy of

reform and opening up in 1978; and they are thefruits of the united efforts of the whole Party andthe people of all ethnic groups in China.

Here, on behalf of the Central Committee ofthe Communist Party of China, I wish to expressour heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnicgroups in China, to the democratic parties, people’sorganizations and patriots from all walks of life,to our compatriots in the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region, the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region and Taiwan as well asoverseas Chinese, and to our foreign friends whoview favorably and support China’s modernizationdrive.

The most important achievement in ourendeavors in the past ten years is that we haveformed the Scientific Outlook on Development andput it into practice by following the guidance ofMarxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, DengXiaoping Theory and the important thought ofThree Represents and by making courageoustheoretical innovations on the basis of practices anddeveloping closely interconnected new ideas andviewpoints on upholding and building socialismwith Chinese characteristics. The Scientific Outlookon Development was created by integratingMarxism with the reality of contemporary Chinaand with the underlying features of our times, andit fully embodies the Marxist worldview on andmethodology for development. This theory providesnew scientific answers to the major questions ofwhat kind of development China should achievein a new environment and how the country shouldachieve it. It represents a new level of ourunderstanding of the laws of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and reaches a new realm in thedevelopment of Marxism in contemporary China.The Scientific Outlook on Development is the latestachievement in developing the system of theoriesof socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it isthe crystallization of the collective wisdom of the


Communist Party of China and a powerfultheoretical weapon for guiding all the work of theParty and country. Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng XiaopingTheory and the important thought of ThreeRepresents, the Scientific Outlook on Developmentis the theoretical guidance the Party must adhereto for a long time.

As we advance toward the future, thoroughlyapplying the Scientific Outlook on Developmentis of major immediate significance and far-reachinghistorical significance for upholding anddeveloping socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must apply it throughout the course ofmodernization and to every aspect of Partybuilding.

The whole Party must more purposefully makepromoting economic and social development thetop priority in applying the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment. We must pursue economicdevelopment as the central task and concentrateon it with every determination. We should masterthe laws of development, develop new thinkingon development and solve problems hinderingdevelopment. We must implement the strategiesfor making China strong by developing science andeducation and training competent personnel andthe strategy for pursuing sustainable development.We must step up efforts to create developmentmodels as well as institutions and mechanisms thatfacilitate development in a scientific way. We mustcontinue to release and develop the productiveforces and promote scientific, harmonious andpeaceful development so as to lay a solid foundationfor upholding and developing socialism withChinese characteristics.

The whole Party must more purposefully takeputting people first as the core requirement forthoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment. We must always make realizing,safeguarding and developing the fundamental

interests of the overwhelming majority of thepeople the starting point and goal of all the workof the Party and country. We must respect thepeople’s creativity, protect their rights and interests,and make continued progress in enabling thepeople to share in the fruits of development and inpromoting well-rounded development of theperson.

The whole Party must more purposefully makepursuing comprehensive, balanced and sustainabledevelopment the basic requirement for applyingthe Scientific Outlook on Development. We mustfully implement the overall plan for promotingeconomic, political, cultural, social, and ecologicalprogress, ensure coordinated progress in all areasof endeavors in the modernization drive, balancethe relations of production with the productiveforces as well as the superstructure with theeconomic base, and continue to expand the pathof development that leads to increased production,prosperity and a good ecosystem.

The whole Party must more purposefully takethe holistic approach as the fundamental way ofthoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment. We must base ourselves on realityin everything we do, gain a full understanding ofthe major issues in the cause of socialism withChinese characteristics and handle them properly.We must take a holistic approach to our workrelating to reform, development and stability, todomestic and foreign affairs as well as nationaldefense, and to running the Party, the country andthe military. We must coordinate urban and ruraldevelopment, development between regions,economic and social development, relationsbetween man and nature, and domesticdevelopment and opening to the outside world.We must balance the interests of all parties andkeep them fully motivated so that all people dotheir best, find their proper places in society andlive in harmony.


Freeing up the mind, seeking truth from facts,keeping up with the times and being realistic andpragmatic - these are the salient features of theScientific Outlook on Development. There is no endto practice, to seeking truth, or to makingtheoretical innovations. The whole Party mustboldly engage in practice and make changes andinnovations. We must respond to the call of thetimes, follow the aspirations of the people andexplore and master the laws of socialism withChinese characteristics. We must ensure that theParty is always full of vigor and that China alwayshas the driving force for development. By doingso, we will open up a bright future for developingsocialism with Chinese characteristics through thecreative practices of the Party and the people.

II. Achieving New Victory for Socialism withChinese Characteristics

Looking back at China’s eventful modernhistory and looking to the promising future of theChinese nation, we have drawn this definiteconclusion: We must unswervingly follow the pathof socialism with Chinese characteristics in orderto complete the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects, acceleratesocialist modernization, and achieve the greatrenewal of the Chinese nation.

The issue of what path we take is of vitalimportance for the survival of the Party, the futureof China, the destiny of the Chinese nation, andthe wellbeing of the people. Exploring a path tonational renewal in China that was economicallyand culturally backward is an extremely arduoustask. Over the past 90-plus years, relying firmlyon the people and adapting the basic tenets ofMarxism to China’s conditions and the underlyingtrend of the times, our Party has pursued its owncourse independently. It has, enduring untoldhardships and sufferings and paying various costs,achieved great success in revolution, development

and reform, and created and developed socialismwith Chinese characteristics, thus fundamentallychanging the future and destiny of the Chinesepeople and nation.

The Party’s first generation of central collectiveleadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at the coreled the whole Party and the people of all ethnicgroups in China in completing the new-democraticrevolution, carrying out socialist transformationand establishing the basic system of socialism,thereby accomplishing the most profound and thegreatest social transformation in China’s history.This created the fundamental political prerequisiteand systemic foundation for development andprogress in contemporary China. In the course ofsocialist development, the Party developeddistinctively creative theories and madetremendous successes despite serious setbacks itwent through, thus providing invaluableexperience as well as the theoretical and materialbasis for launching the great initiative of buildingsocialism with Chinese characteristics in the newhistorical period.

The Party’s second generation of centralcollective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaopingat the core led the whole Party and the people ofall ethnic groups in China in conducting athorough review of China’s experiences in buildingsocialism, both positive and negative. On this basisand drawing on the experience of world socialism,they made the historic decision to shift the focusof the Party and country’s work to economicdevelopment and to pursue the policy of reformand opening up. They gained a keen appreciationof the underlying goal of socialism and establishedthe Party’s basic line for the primary stage ofsocialism. They called for taking our own road andbuilding socialism with Chinese characteristics andprovided scientific answers to basic questions inthis regard. On this basis, the great initiative ofbuilding socialism with Chinese characteristics was


successfully launched.The Party’s third generation of central collective

leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the coreled the whole Party and the people of all ethnicgroups in China in adhering to the Party’s basictheory and line. Standing the severe tests posed bycomplex domestic and international developmentsand major setbacks in world socialism, they upheldsocialism with Chinese characteristics. Based onChina’s new realities, they reaffirmed the Party’sbasic program and its basic experience, set the goalof reform and developed a basic framework forachieving this goal, namely, developing a socialistmarket economy. They reaffirmed the basiceconomic system and the system of incomedistribution in the primary stage of socialism,ushered in a new phase in carrying out all-aroundreform and opening up, and pressed ahead withthe great new undertaking of Party building, thusadvancing socialism with Chinese characteristicsinto the 21st century.

In the new stage in the new century, the PartyCentral Committee has seized this importantperiod of strategic opportunities and promotedinnovation in practice, theory and institutionalbuilding in the course of building a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects. We haveemphasized the need to put people first and topursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainabledevelopment; we have called for building aharmonious socialist society and speeding upecological progress, and we have adopted overallimplementing steps for advancing the cause ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics. We havestrived to ensure and improve the people’swellbeing, promoted social fairness and justice,worked to build a harmonious world, andstrengthened the Party’s governance capacity andadvanced nature. We have thus upheld anddeveloped socialism with Chinese characteristicsfrom a new historical starting point.

Throughout the past 30-plus years ofcontinuous exploration for reform and opening up,we have held high the great banner of socialismwith Chinese characteristics and rejected both theold and rigid closed-door policy and any attemptto abandon socialism and take an erroneous path.The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the system of theories of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and the socialist system withChinese characteristics are the fundamentalaccomplishments made by the Party and peoplein the course of arduous struggle over the past 90-plus years. We must cherish theseaccomplishments, uphold them all the time andcontinue to enrich them.

Taking the path of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics means we must, under theleadership of the Communist Party of China andbasing ourselves on China’s realities, take economicdevelopment as the central task and adhere to theFour Cardinal Principles and the policy of reformand opening up. It means we must release anddevelop the productive forces, develop the socialistmarket economy, socialist democracy, an advancedsocialist culture and a harmonious socialist society,and promote socialist ecological progress. It alsomeans we must promote well-roundeddevelopment of the person, achieve prosperity forall over time, and make China a modern socialistcountry that is prosperous, strong, democratic,culturally advanced and harmonious. The systemof theories of socialism with Chinese characteristicsis a system of scientific theories that includes DengXiaoping Theory, the important thought of ThreeRepresents and the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment, and this system represents theParty’s adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. The socialistsystem with Chinese characteristics includes thefollowing: the fundamental political system - thesystem of people’s congresses; the basic political


systems - the system of multiparty cooperation andpolitical consultation under the leadership of theCommunist Party of China, the system of regionalethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance; the socialist system of lawswith Chinese characteristics; the basic economicsystem in which public ownership is the mainstayand economic entities of diverse ownershipdevelop together; and the specific economic,political, cultural, and social institutions based onthese systems. The path of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics is the way to reach the goal, thesystem of theories of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics offers a guide to action, and thesocialist system with Chinese characteristicsprovides the fundamental guarantee. The threefunction as an integral whole in the great practiceof building socialism with Chinese characteristics,and this is the salient feature of the long-termendeavors of the Communist Party of Chinaleading the people in building socialism.

In building socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, we base ourselves on the basicreality that China is in the primary stage ofsocialism. Our overall approach is to promoteeconomic, political, cultural, social, and ecologicalprogress, and our general task is to achieve socialistmodernization and the great renewal of theChinese nation. Socialism with Chinesecharacteristics both upholds the basic principlesof scientific socialism and has distinctive Chinesefeatures that reflect contemporary conditions. Itoffers from new perspectives a deeperunderstanding of the laws of governance by theCommunist Party, laws of building socialism, andlaws of the development of human society. Byintegrating theory with practice, it hassystematically addressed the fundamentalquestions of what kind of socialism we shouldbuild and how we should build it in China, a big

country in the East with a huge population and aweak economy to start with. Socialism withChinese characteristics has brought about fastdevelopment and rising living standards in China.This fully shows that socialism with Chinesecharacteristics is what we must pursue if we areto achieve development and make progress incontemporary China and that only socialism withChinese characteristics can enable China todevelop itself.

Developing socialism with Chinesecharacteristics is a long-term arduous task ofhistoric importance, and we must be prepared tocarry out a great struggle with many new historicalfeatures. We must unswervingly adhere tosocialism with Chinese characteristics, develop itas required by the times, constantly enrich it inboth practice and theory and enhance its distinctivenational features in keeping up with the times.

To achieve new victory for socialism withChinese characteristics under new historicalconditions, we must have a firm grasp of thefollowing basic requirements and make themshared convictions of the whole Party and thepeople of all ethnic groups in China.

- We must maintain the people’s principalposition in the country. Socialism with Chinesecharacteristics is a cause for the people in theirhundreds of millions. We should ensure that thepeople are the masters of the country and weshould uphold the rule of law as a fundamentalprinciple by which the Party leads the people inrunning the country. We should mobilize andorganize as many people as possible to managestate and social affairs as well as the economy andcultural programs in accordance with the law andto devote themselves to socialist modernization,and we should better protect the people’s rightsand interests and ensure that the people determinetheir own destiny.


- We must continue to release and develop theproductive forces. This is the fundamental task ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics. We shouldtake economic development as the central task andpursuing development in a scientific way as theunderlying guideline, advance in an all-aroundway economic, political, cultural, social, andecological progress and achieve in a scientific waydevelopment that puts people first and iscomprehensive, balanced and sustainable.

- We must persevere in reform and openingup. Reform and opening up are crucial to adheringto and developing socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. We should always apply the spiritof reform and innovation to all aspects ofgovernance, keep improving the socialist marketeconomy, adhere to the basic state policy of openingto the outside world, continue to make innovationsin theory, in institutions, in science and technology,in culture and in other fields, and continuouslypromote the self-improvement and self-development of China’s socialist system.

- We must safeguard social fairness and justice.Fairness and justice are inherent requirements ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics. We must,relying on the concerted efforts of all the Chinesepeople and based on economic and socialdevelopment, step up efforts to develop institutionsthat are vital to ensuring social fairness and justice;establish in due course a system for guaranteeingfairness in society featuring, among other things,equal rights, equal opportunities and fair rules forall; and foster a fair social environment and ensurepeople’s equal right to participation in governanceand to development.

- We must strive for common prosperity. Thisis the fundamental principle of socialism withChinese characteristics. We should adhere to thebasic socialist economic system and the socialistincome distribution system. We should adjust thepattern of national income distribution, tighten its

regulation by secondary distribution and workhard to narrow income gaps so that all the peoplecan share in more fruits of development in a fair wayand move steadily toward common prosperity.

- We must promote social harmony. Socialharmony is an inherent attribute of socialism withChinese characteristics. We should give higherpriority to ensuring and improving the people’swellbeing, strengthen and conduct socialmanagement in an innovative way, strike a balancebetween reform, development and stability, rallyall the forces that can be rallied, maximize factorsconducive to harmony and increase the creativevitality of society. We should ensure that the peoplelive and work in contentment, society is stable andorderly, and the country enjoys enduring peaceand stability.

- We must pursue peaceful development.Peaceful development is the sure choice ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics. We shouldpursue development through opening up andcooperation to benefit all. We should developourselves by securing a peaceful internationalenvironment and uphold and promote worldpeace through our own development. We shouldexpand common interests with all others and workto build a harmonious world of enduring peaceand common prosperity.

- We must uphold the leadership of the Party.The Communist Party of China is the leadershipcore of the cause of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. We should uphold the principlethat the Party was founded for the public goodand that it exercises state power for the people,enhance and improve the Party’s leadership andensure that the Party plays its role as the leadershipcore in exercising overall leadership andcoordinating the efforts of all. We should maintainthe Party’s advanced nature and purity, strengthenits creativity, cohesiveness and capability andenhance its capacity to govern in a scientific and


democratic way and in accordance with the law.We must be soberly aware that China is still in

the primary stage of socialism and will long remainso. This basic condition of China has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, thatis, how we can meet the ever-growing materialand cultural needs of the people with backwardsocial production; nor has China’s internationalposition as the largest developing country in theworld. We must bear in mind under anycircumstances the paramount reality that Chinaremains in the primary stage of socialism and willlong remain so and base ourselves on this realityin pursuing all of our endeavors of reform anddevelopment. The Party’s basic line is the lifebloodof the Party and country. We must adhere to thecentral task - economic development - and the twobasic points - the Four Cardinal Principles and thepolicy of reform and opening up - in our greatendeavor to develop socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. We should neither look down uponourselves nor be arrogant. We must take solid stepsto achieve new victory for socialism with Chinesecharacteristics.

As long as we remain true to our ideal, are firmin our conviction, never vacillate in or relax our effortsor act recklessly, and forge ahead with tenacity andresolve, we will surely complete the building of amoderately prosperous society in all respects whenthe Communist Party of China celebrates its centenaryand turn China into a modern socialist country thatis prosperous, strong, democratic, culturallyadvanced and harmonious when the People’sRepublic of China marks its centennial. The wholeParty should have every confidence in our path, inour theories and in our system.

III. The Goal of Completing the Building of aModerately Prosperous Society in All Respectsand Deepening Reform and Opening Up inan All-Around Way

An examination of both the currentinternational and domestic environments showsthat China remains in an important period ofstrategic opportunities for its development, a periodin which much can be achieved. We need to havea correct understanding of the changing natureand conditions of this period, seize allopportunities, respond with cool-headedness tochallenges, and gain initiative and advantages towin the future and attain the goal of completingthe building of a moderately prosperous society inall respects by 2020.

Basing ourselves on China’s actual economicand social development, we must work hard tomeet the following new requirements whileworking to fulfill the goal of building a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects set forth at theSixteenth and Seventeenth National Congresses ofthe Party.

- The economy should maintain sustained andsound development. Major progress should bemade in changing the growth model. On the basisof making China’s development much morebalanced, coordinated and sustainable, we shoulddouble its 2010 GDP and per capita income forboth urban and rural residents. The contributionof scientific and technological progress to economicgrowth should increase considerably and Chinashould become an innovative country.Industrialization should be basicallyaccomplished. IT application should be significantlyexpanded. The quality of urbanization shouldimprove markedly. Notable progress should bemade in modernizing agriculture and building newsocialist rural areas. The basic mechanism forpromoting balanced development between regionsshould be in place. Opening up should be furtherimproved and China’s internationalcompetitiveness should increase significantly.

- People’s democracy should be expanded. Theinstitutions of democracy should be improved and


its forms enriched. People’s enthusiasm, initiativeand creativity should be fully leveraged. The ruleof law should be fully implemented as a basicstrategy, a law-based government should bebasically in function, judicial credibility should besteadily enhanced, and human rights should befully respected and protected.

- The country’s cultural soft power should beimproved significantly. Core socialist values shouldtake root among the people, and both the level ofcivility of citizens and the moral and ethicalstandards of the whole society should besignificantly raised. More cultural works shouldbe created; a system of public cultural servicesshould be basically in place, and the cultural sectorshould become a pillar of the economy. Evengreater progress should be made in taking Chineseculture to the global stage. By taking these steps,we will lay a more solid foundation for developinga strong socialist culture in China.

- Living standards should be fully raised. Equalaccess to basic public services should be generallyachieved. The educational level of the entirepopulation should be significantly raised andtraining of innovative professionals markedlyimproved. China should have a large pool ofcompetent professionals and be rich in humanresources, and it should basically modernize itseducation. There should be more employmentopportunities. Income gaps should be narrowed,middle-income groups should keep growing, andthe number of people living below the poverty lineshould drop by a large margin. Social securityshould cover all the people. Everyone should haveaccess to basic medical and public health services.The system of housing for low-income groupsshould take shape, and there should be socialharmony and stability.

- Major progress should be made in building aresource-conserving and environmentally friendlysociety. The establishment of functional zones

should be basically completed, and a system forrecycling resources should begin to take shape.Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissionsper unit of GDP as well as the discharge of majorpollutants should decrease sharply. Forestcoverage should increase, the ecosystem shouldbecome more stable, and the living environmentshould improve markedly.

To complete the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects, we must, withgreater political courage and vision, lose no timein deepening reform in key sectors and resolutelydiscard all notions and systems that hinder effortsto pursue development in a scientific way. Weshould set up a well-developed, scientific,procedure-based and effective framework ofsystems and ensure that operating institutions inall sectors are fully functioning. We should speedup improvements to the socialist market economy.We should improve the basic economic system inwhich public ownership is the mainstay of theeconomy and economic entities of diverseownership develop together, and we shouldimprove the system of income distribution in whichdistribution according to work is the main formthat coexists with other forms of distribution. Weshould leverage to a greater extent and in a widerscope the basic role of the market in allocatingresources, improve the system of macro-regulation,and perfect the open economy to ensure moreefficient, equitable and sustainable economicdevelopment. We should work harder to enhancesocialist democracy in a systemic way by adoptingdue standards and procedures, expand people’sorderly participation in governance at all levels andin all fields, and ensure that all governancefunctions are performed in accordance with thelaw. We should accelerate improvement of thesystem for managing the cultural sector and themechanism for cultural production and operation,establish the basic framework of a modern cultural


market system, improve the system for managingstate-owned cultural assets, and foster a culturalenvironment that encourages creativity. We shouldstep up efforts to form a scientific and effectivesocial management system, improve the socialsecurity system, and strengthen networks ofcommunity-level public services and socialmanagement. We should establish institutions andmechanisms to ensure that society is full of vigor,harmonious and orderly. We should move fasterto set up a system for ecological progress, improveinstitutions and mechanisms for developinggeographical space, conserving resources andprotecting the ecological environment and promotemodernization featuring harmonious developmentbetween man and nature.

Completing the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects by 2020 is anarduous task, and all the comrades in the Partymust work single-mindedly and with fortitude toreach this goal. The state should give more supportto rural areas and the central and western regionsto accelerate their reform and opening up,strengthen their capacity for development andraise their living standards. We should encourageareas with good conditions to keep taking the leadin pursuing modernization and to make greatercontribution to nationwide reform anddevelopment.

IV. Accelerating the Improvement of theSocialist Market Economy and the Change ofthe Growth Model

Taking economic development as the centraltask is vital to national renewal, and developmentstill holds the key to addressing all the problemswe have in China. Only by promoting sustainedand sound economic development can we lay asolid material foundation for enhancing thecountry’s prosperity and strength, improving thepeople’s wellbeing and ensuring social harmony

and stability. We must unwaveringly adhere to thestrategic thinking that only development counts.

In contemporary China, pursuingdevelopment in a scientific way best embodies thethinking that only development counts. Taking thepursuit of development in a scientific way as theunderlying guideline and accelerating the changeof the growth model as a major task is a strategicchoice we have made for promoting China’s overalldevelopment. In response to changes in bothdomestic and international economicdevelopments, we should speed up the creation ofa new growth model and ensure that developmentis based on improved quality and performance. Weshould fire all types of market participants withnew vigor for development, increase motivationfor pursuing innovation-driven development,establish a new system for developing modernindustries, and create new favorable conditions fordeveloping the open economy. This will makeeconomic development driven more by domesticdemand, especially consumer demand, by amodern service industry and strategic emergingindustries, by scientific and technological progress,by a workforce of higher quality and innovationin management, by resource conservation and acircular economy, and by coordinated andmutually reinforcing urban-rural development anddevelopment between regions. Taking these stepswill enable us to sustain long-term development.

We should keep to the Chinese-style path ofcarrying out industrialization in a new way andadvancing IT application, urbanization andagricultural modernization. We should promoteintegration of IT application and industrialization,interaction between industrialization andurbanization, and coordination betweenurbanization and agricultural modernization, thuspromoting harmonized development ofindustrialization, IT application, urbanization andagricultural modernization.


1. Deepen economic structural reform across theboard

Deepening reform is crucial for accelerating thechange of the growth model. The underlying issuewe face in economic structural reform is how tostrike a balance between the role of the governmentand that of the market, and we should follow moreclosely the rules of the market and better play therole of the government. We should unwaveringlyconsolidate and develop the public sector of theeconomy; allow public ownership to take diverseforms; deepen reform of state-owned enterprises;improve the mechanisms for managing all typesof state assets; and invest more of state capital inmajor industries and key fields that comprise thelifeline of the economy and are vital to nationalsecurity. We should thus steadily enhance thevitality of the state-owned sector of the economyand its capacity to leverage and influence theeconomy. At the same time, we must unswervinglyencourage, support and guide the development ofthe non-public sector, and ensure that economicentities under all forms of ownership have equalaccess to factors of production in accordance withthe law, compete on a level playing field and areprotected by the law as equals. We should improvethe modern market system and strengtheninstitutional procedures for setting macro-regulation targets and employing policy tools. Weshould accelerate the reform of the fiscal andtaxation systems and ensure that the central andlocal governments have sufficient financialresources to exercise their respective powers andfulfill their respective responsibilities. We shouldimprove the public finance system to ensure equalaccess to basic public services and promote thebuilding of functional zones. We should alsoinstitute local tax systems and improve thestructure of the taxation system to promote socialfairness. We should establish a mechanism for

equitable sharing of proceeds from public resourcetransfers. We should deepen reform of the financialsystem and improve the modern financial systemso that it will better contribute to macroeconomicstability and support development of the realeconomy. We should accelerate development of amultilevel capital market, take steady steps to makeinterest rates and the RMB exchange rate moremarket-based, and promote the RMB’sconvertibility under capital accounts in due course.We should speed up the development of privatefinancial institutions. We should improve financialsupervision and oversight, promote financialinnovations, improve the competitiveness ofbanking, securities, insurance and other sectors,and ensure financial stability.

2. Implement the strategy of innovation-drivendevelopment

Scientific and technological innovationprovides strategic support for raising the productiveforces and boosting the overall national strength,and we must give it top priority in overall nationaldevelopment. We should follow a path of makinginnovation with Chinese features and take stepsto promote innovation to catch up with globaladvances. We should increase our capacity formaking original innovation and integratedinnovation and for making further innovation onthe basis of absorbing advances in overseas scienceand technology, and place greater emphasis onmaking innovation through collaboration. Weshould deepen reform of the system for managingscience and technology, promote close integrationof science and technology with economicdevelopment, and speed up the development ofthe national innovation system. We shouldestablish a system of technological innovation inwhich enterprises play the leading role, the marketpoints the way, and enterprises, universities andresearch institutes work together. We should


improve the knowledge-based innovation system,and strengthen basic research, research in frontiertechnologies, and public benefit-oriented researchand development; and we should improve researchand our capacity for applying research results toproduction to ensure that we can obtain the leadingstrategic position in research and development. Weshould launch important national science andtechnology projects to remove major technologicalbottlenecks. We should speed up the research,development and application of new technologies,products and production processes, strengtheninnovation in integration of technologies anddevelop new business models. We should improvestandards for evaluating scientific andtechnological innovations and mechanisms forrewarding such innovations and applying themto production. We should implement the strategyconcerning intellectual property rights andstrengthen their protection. We should efficientlyallocate and fully integrate innovation resources,and ensure that the wisdom and strength of thewhole society are directed toward promotinginnovation-driven development.

3. Carry out strategic adjustment of the economicstructure

This is the major goal of accelerating thechange of the growth model. We must strive toremove major structural barriers to sustained andsound economic development, with a focus onimproving the demand mix and the industrialstructure, promoting balanced developmentbetween regions and advancing urbanization. Weshould firmly maintain the strategic focus ofboosting domestic demand, speed up theestablishment of a long-term mechanism forincreasing consumer demand, unleash thepotential of individual consumption, increaseinvestment at a proper pace, and expand thedomestic market. We should focus on developing

the real economy as a firm foundation of theeconomy. We should adopt policies and measuresto better facilitate the development of the realeconomy. We should make the economy moredemand-driven, promote the sound growth ofstrategic emerging industries and advancedmanufacturing industries, speed up thetransformation and upgrading of traditionalindustries, develop and expand the service sector,especially modern service industries, and make thegeographical and structural layout of thedevelopment of infrastructure and basic industriesmore balanced. We should develop next-generation information infrastructure and modernIT industry, better ensure information security, andpromote the application of information networktechnologies. We should enhance the corecompetitiveness of large and medium-sizedenterprises and support development of small andmicro businesses, especially small and micro scienceand technology companies. We should continueto implement the master strategy for regionaldevelopment and fully leverage the comparativeadvantages of different regions. We should givehigh priority to large-scale development of thewestern region, fully revitalize old industrial basesin northeast China, work vigorously to promotethe rise of the central region, and support theeastern region in taking the lead in development.We should increase support for old revolutionarybase areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas andpoor areas through pairing assistance and othermeans. We should make scientific plans for thescale and layout of urban agglomerations; and weshould make small and medium-sized cities andsmall towns better able to develop industries,provide public services, create jobs, and attractpopulation. We should accelerate reform of thehousehold registration system, conduct registrationof rural migrant workers as permanent urbanresidents in an orderly way, and endeavor to


ensure that all permanent urban residents haveaccess to basic urban public services.

4. Integrate urban and rural development

Resolving issues relating to agriculture, ruralareas and farmers is the number one priority inthe Party’s work, and integrating urban and ruraldevelopment provides the fundamental solutionto these issues. We should better balance urbanand rural development, boost rural development,work to narrow the gap between urban and ruralareas, and promote their common prosperity. Weshould continue to encourage industry to supportagriculture in return for agriculture’s earliercontribution to its development and encouragecities to support rural areas. We should give moreto farmers, take less from them and lift restrictionsover their economic activities. We should increasepolicy support to boost agriculture, benefit farmersand increase rural prosperity, and encourage therural population to participate in modernizationon an equal footing and share in its fruits. Weshould speed up the development of modernagriculture, raise the overall production capacityof agriculture, and ensure food security andeffective supply of major agricultural products inChina. We should give high priority to rural areasin developing infrastructure and social programsin the country. We should work harder to buildnew rural areas, carry out programs of povertyalleviation through development and fully improverural working and living conditions. We shouldensure sustained and fast growth of rural income.We should uphold and improve the basic systemfor rural operations and protect in accordance withthe law farmers’ rights to farm the land they havecontracted, to use the land on which their housessit, and to share in the proceeds from rural collectiveoperations. We should strengthen the collectiveeconomy, develop specialized cooperatives andjoint stock partnerships for farmers, foster new

types of agricultural business entities, and developlarge-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms.We should establish a new type of system forintensive agricultural operations that arespecialized, well organized and commercialized.We should reform the land expropriation systemand increase the share of gain in land value tofarmers. We should speed up improvements toinstitutions and mechanisms for promotingintegrated urban and rural development, with afocus on integrating urban and rural planning,infrastructure and public services. We shouldensure equal exchange of factors of productionbetween urban and rural areas and balanceallocation of public resources between them. Whatwe aim to achieve is a new type of relationsbetween industry and agriculture and betweenurban and rural areas in which industry promotesagriculture, urban areas support ruraldevelopment, agriculture and industry benefit eachother, and there is integrated urban and ruraldevelopment.

5. Promote all-around improvements to China’sopen economy

In response to new developments in economicglobalization, we must implement a moreproactive opening up strategy and improve theopen economy so that it promotes mutual benefitand is diversified, balanced, secure and efficient.We should move faster to change the way theexternal-oriented economy grows, and makeChina’s open economy become better structured,expand in scope and yield greater returns. Weshould make innovations in the mode of openingup; encourage coastal, inland and border areas todraw on each other’s strengths in opening up;develop open areas that take the lead in globaleconomic cooperation and competition; and formleading areas of opening up that drive regionaldevelopment. We should continue to attach equal


importance to export and import, better coordinatetrade and industrial policies, and make China’sexports more competitive in terms of technology,brand, quality and service. We should transformand upgrade processing trade, develop servicetrade, and promote balanced development offoreign trade. We should make full use of ouroverall advantageous position in utilizing foreigncapital and make better use of such investment.We should step up efforts to attract investment,technology and high-caliber professionals fromoverseas. Chinese companies should expandoverseas presence at a faster pace, enhance theiroperation in an international environment, anddevelop a number of world-class multinationalcorporations. We should make overall planning forbilateral, multilateral, regional and sub-regionalopening up and cooperation, accelerateimplementation of the strategy of building freetrade areas, and promote infrastructureconnectivity with our neighboring countries. Weshould become better able to defuse internationaleconomic risks.

We must have firm confidence in winning thetough battle of deepening reform of the economicstructure across the board and of acceleratingthe change of the growth model so as to increasethe vitality and competitiveness of China’seconomy.

V. Keeping to the Socialist Path of MakingPolitical Advance with Chinese Characteristicsand Promoting Reform of the PoliticalStructure

People’s democracy is a brilliant banner thathas always been held high by our Party. Since thepolicy of reform and opening up was introduced,we have reviewed our experience, both positiveand negative, in developing socialist democracyand reaffirmed that people’s democracy is the lifeof socialism. We have ensured that all power of

the state belongs to the people and worked tosteadily promote reform of the political structure.As a result, we have made major progress indeveloping socialist democracy and opened up andkept to the socialist path of making politicaladvance with Chinese characteristics, thuscharting the correct course for achieving themost extensive possible people’s democracy inChina.

The reform of the political structure is animportant part of China’s overall reform. We mustcontinue to make both active and prudent effortsto carry out the reform of the political structure,and make people’s democracy more extensive,fuller in scope and sounder in practice. We mustensure the unity of the leadership of the Party, theposition of the people as masters of the countryand law-based governance. To guarantee thefundamental position of the people as masters ofthe country and to reach the goal of enhancingthe vitality of the Party and country and keepingthe people fully motivated, we should expandsocialist democracy, accelerate the building of asocialist country based on the rule of law, andpromote socialist political progress. We shouldplace greater emphasis on improving the way theParty exercises leadership and governance toensure that it leads the people in effectivelygoverning the country. We should attach greaterimportance to improving the system of democracyand diversifying the forms of democracy to ensurethat the people conduct democratic elections,decision-making, administration and oversight inaccordance with the law. We should give greaterscope to the important role the rule of law plays inthe country’s governance and in socialmanagement, uphold the unity, sanctity andauthority of the country’s legal system and ensurethat the people enjoy extensive rights and freedomsas prescribed by law. We should place highimportance on systemic building, give full play to


the strength of the socialist political system anddraw on the political achievements of othersocieties. However, we will never copy a Westernpolitical system.

1. Support and ensure the exercise of state powerby the people through people’s congresses

The system of people’s congresses is China’sfundamental political system for guaranteeing thatthe people decide their own destiny. We shouldmake good use of legal procedures to turn theParty’s propositions into the will of the state. Weshould support people’s congresses and theirstanding committees in fully playing their role asorgans of state power, in exercising legislative,oversight, policymaking, and personnelappointment and dismissal powers in accordancewith the law, in strengthening organization andcoordination of legislative work, in stepping uptheir oversight of people’s governments, courts andprocuratorates, and in tightening examination andoversight of all government budgets and finalaccounts. The proportion of community-leveldeputies to people’s congresses, particularly thoseelected from among workers, farmers andintellectuals on the frontlines of various fields ofendeavor should be raised, while that of deputiesfrom among leading Party and government officialsshould be reduced. Deputy liaison offices shouldbe established in people’s congresses to improvethe mechanism for deputies to maintain contactwith the people. The organizational system fororgans of state power should be improved. Theage mix of the members of the standing committeesand special committees of people’s congressesshould be improved and the areas of their expertiseshould be widened. The proportion of the full-timemembers of these committees should be raised.Deputies to people’s congresses and members ofthese committees should enhance their capabilityto perform their duties pursuant to law.

2. Improve the system of socialist consultativedemocracy

Socialist consultative democracy is animportant form of people’s democracy in ourcountry. We should improve its institutions andwork mechanisms and promote its extensive,multilevel, and institutionalized development.Extensive consultations should be carried out onmajor issues relating to economic and socialdevelopment as well as specific problems involvingthe people’s immediate interests through organsof state power, committees of the Chinese People’sPolitical Consultative Conference, political parties,people’s organizations and other channels to solicita wide range of opinions, pool wisdom of thepeople, increase consensus, and build up synergy.We should adhere to and improve the system ofmultiparty cooperation and political consultationunder the leadership of the Communist Party ofChina and make the Chinese People’s PoliticalConsultative Conference serve as a major channelfor conducting consultative democracy. TheChinese People’s Political Consultative Conferenceshould, focusing on the themes of unity anddemocracy, improve systems of politicalconsultation, democratic oversight, andparticipation in the deliberation and administrationof state affairs, and deliver a better job incoordinating relations, pooling strength andmaking proposals in the overall interests of thecountry. We should strengthen politicalconsultation with the democratic parties, makepolitical consultation a part of the policymakingprocess, conduct consultations before and whenpolicy decisions are made, and make democraticconsultation more effective. We should conductintensive consultations on special issues with thosewho work on these issues, with representativesfrom all sectors of society, and with relevantgovernment authorities on the handling of


proposals. We should actively carry out democraticconsultation at the community level.

3. Improve community-level democracy

An important way for the people to directlyexercise their democratic rights in accordance withthe law is for them to conduct self-management,self-service, self-education, and self-oversight inexercising urban and rural community governance,in managing community-level public affairs andin running public service programs. We shouldimprove the mechanism for community-level self-governance under the leadership of community-level Party organizations to make it full of vitality.We should broaden the scope and channels of suchself-governance and enrich its content and forms,with the focus on expanding orderly participation,promoting transparency in information, improvingdeliberation and consultation on public affairs, andstrengthening oversight of the exercise of power,to ensure that the people have greater and moretangible democratic rights. We should relywholeheartedly on the working class, improve thedemocratic management system in enterprises andpublic institutions with workers and employees’congress as its basic form, and protect workers andemployees’ democratic rights to participate inmanagement and oversight. Community-levelorganizations of various types should also getinvolved to integrate government administrationand community-level democracy.

4. Promote law-based governance of the countryin an all-around way

The rule of law is the basic way for runningthe country. We should make laws in a scientificway, enforce them strictly, administer justiceimpartially, and ensure that everyone abides bythe law. We must make sure that all are equalbefore the law and that laws are observed andstrictly enforced and lawbreakers are prosecuted.

We should improve the socialist system of lawswith Chinese characteristics, strengthen legislationin key areas, and expand channels for people’sorderly participation in the legislative process. Weshould exercise government administration inaccordance with the law and ensure that lawenforcement is conducted in a strict, fair, andcivilized way according to due procedures. Weshould continue to deepen reform of the judicialstructure, uphold and improve the socialist judicialsystem with Chinese characteristics, and ensurethat judicial and procuratorial bodiesindependently and impartially exercise theirrespective powers pursuant to law. We shouldcarry out intensive publicity and education aboutthe law, foster socialist spirit of the rule of law,and adopt the socialist concept of law-basedgovernance. We should enhance the wholesociety’s awareness of the need to study, respect,observe, and apply the law. We should ensure thatleading officials are guided by law in both thinkingand action in their effort to deepen reform, promotedevelopment, solve problems, and maintainstability. As the Constitution and laws are adoptedby the Party and the people under its leadership,the Party must act within the scope prescribed bythe Constitution and laws. No organization orindividual has the privilege of overstepping theConstitution and laws, and no one in a position ofpower is allowed in any way to take one’s ownwords as the law, place one’s own authority abovethe law or abuse the law.

5. Deepen reform of the administrative system

Reform of the administrative system is anecessary requirement for making thesuperstructure compatible with the economic base.To reach the goal of establishing a socialistadministrative system with Chinese characteristics,we should separate government administrationfrom the management of enterprises, state assets,


public institutions, and social organizations, andbuild a well-structured, clean and efficient service-oriented government that has scientifically definedfunctions and satisfies the people. We shoulddeepen the reform of the system concerningmatters subject to government examination andapproval, continue to streamline administrationand delegate more power to lower levels, and makethe government better perform its functions ofcreating a favorable environment for development,providing quality public services, and maintainingsocial fairness and justice. We should steadilyadvance the reform to establish larger governmentdepartments and improve division of functionsamong them. We should improve the structure ofadministrative setup and geographicaladministrative divisions, experiment with thereform to place counties and county-level citiesdirectly under the jurisdiction of provincialgovernments where conditions permit, and deepenreform of the administrative system at the townand township level. We should exercisegovernment administration in an innovative way,increase public trust in the government, andimprove its competence so as to make thegovernment performance-oriented. We shouldstrictly control the size of government bodies, cutthe numbers of their leading officials, and reducetheir administrative costs. We should continue thereform of public institutions based on theclassification of their functions. We should improvethe mechanism for coordinating structural reformsand conduct major reforms in a holistic wayaccording to the overall plan.

6. Improve the mechanism for conducting checksand oversight over the exercise of power

To ensure proper exercise of power, it isimportant to put power, Party and governmentoperations and personnel management under

institutional checks and uphold people’s right tostay informed about, participate in, express viewson, and oversee Party and government operations.We should make sure that decision-making,executive and oversight powers check each otherand function in concert and that governmentbodies exercise their powers in accordance withstatutory mandate and procedures. We shouldcontinue to conduct scientific, democratic, andlaw-based policymaking, improve decision-makingmechanisms and procedures, seek advice of thinktanks, and establish sound mechanisms fordecision-making accountability and remedy.Whenever we make a decision involving theimmediate interests of the people, we must solicittheir views on it. We must not do anything thatmay harm the interests of the people and mustcorrect any action that causes damage to theirinterests. We should make the exercise of powermore open and standardized, and increasetransparency of Party, government and judicialoperations and official operations in other fields.We should improve the systems of inquiry,accountability, economic responsibility auditing,resignation and dismissal. We should tightenintra-Party, democratic and legal oversight aswell as oversight through public opinion toensure that the people oversee the exercise ofpower and that power is exercised in a transparentmanner.

7. Consolidate and develop the broadest possiblepatriotic united front

The united front is a powerful instrument forwinning new victory for socialism with Chinesecharacteristics by pooling the strength of allquarters and harmonizing relations betweenpolitical parties, ethnic groups, religions, socialgroups and compatriots at home and overseas. Weshould hold high the banner of patriotism and


socialism, consolidate the theoretical and politicalfoundation of the united front, and strike a balancebetween commonality and diversity. Guided by theprinciple of long-term coexistence, mutualoversight, treating each other with sincerity andsharing of both good and bad times, we shouldstrengthen unity and cooperation with thedemocratic parties and public figures withoutparty affiliation, pursue the common goal withunity in thought and action, strengthen the ranksof non-Party representative figures and select andrecommend more outstanding individuals with noParty affiliation for taking up leading positions ingovernment bodies at all levels. We should fullyand faithfully implement the Party’s policiesconcerning ethnic groups and uphold and improvethe system of regional ethnic autonomy. Weshould, keeping to the goal of all ethnic groupsworking together for common prosperity anddevelopment, conduct intensive education aboutethnic unity and progress, speed up developmentof ethnic minority areas, and protect the legitimaterights and interests of ethnic minorities. We shouldconsolidate and develop socialist ethnic relationsof equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmonyso that all ethnic groups in China will live anddevelop together in harmony. We shouldcomprehensively implement the Party’s basicpolicy on religion and fully leverage the positiverole of religious figures and believers in promotingeconomic and social development. We shouldencourage and guide members of new socialgroups to contribute more to the cause of socialismwith Chinese characteristics. We should continueto implement the Party’s policy on overseasChinese affairs and support overseas Chinese,returned overseas Chinese and their families inendorsing and participating in China’smodernization endeavors and its great cause ofpeaceful reunification.

The socialist path of making political advance

with Chinese characteristics is a correct path thatrallies people in their hundreds of millions inpursuing a common cause. We must advanceunwaveringly along this path to ensure that China’ssocialist democracy has ever greater vitality.

VI. Developing a Strong Socialist Culture inChina

Culture is the lifeblood of a nation, and it givesthe people a sense of belonging. To complete thebuilding of a moderately prosperous society in allrespects and achieve the great renewal of theChinese nation, we must create a new surge inpromoting socialist culture and bring about itsgreat development and enrichment, increaseChina’s cultural soft power, and enable culture toguide social trends, educate the people, servesociety, and boost development.

To develop a strong socialist culture in China,we must take the socialist path of promotingcultural advance with Chinese characteristics. Weshould adhere to the goal of serving the peopleand socialism, the policy of having a hundredflowers bloom and a hundred schools of thoughtcontend, and the principle of maintaining closecontact with reality, life and the people. We shouldfully promote socialist cultural and ethical progressand material progress, and develop a national,scientific, and people-oriented socialist culture thatembraces modernization, the world, and thefuture.

To develop a strong socialist culture in China,it is critical to inspire the cultural creativity of thewhole nation. We should deepen reform of thecultural sector, release and develop culturalproductive forces, foster a democratic atmospherein both academic research and artistic pursuit,create a vast cultural arena for the people andencourage the free flow of cultural inspiration fromall sources. By doing so, we will open up a newhorizon in promoting China’s cultural advance:


The Chinese nation’s cultural creativity willcontinuously burst forth; China’s cultural life willflourish as never before; people’s basic culturalrights and interests will be better protected; theethical and moral standards as well as the scientificand cultural standards of the people will be fullyraised, and the international influence of Chineseculture will steadily increase.

1. Strengthen core socialist values

Core socialist values are the soul of the Chinesenation and serve as the guide for building socialismwith Chinese characteristics. We should carry outthorough study of and education in these valuesand use them to guide social trends of thought andforge public consensus. We should continue toadapt Marxism to China’s conditions in keepingup with the times and increase its appeal to thepeople, work hard to equip the whole Party withthe system of theories of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and educate the people in thesetheories. We should further implement thenational project to study and develop Marxisttheory, build an innovation system in philosophyand the social sciences, incorporate the system oftheories of socialism with Chinese characteristicsinto the curriculum and make it a way of thinking.We should carry out extensive education about ourideal and conviction, and rally the people underthe great banner of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. We should vigorously fosterChina’s national character and promote theunderlying trend of the times, intensify educationin patriotism, collectivism and socialism, andenrich people’s cultural life and enhance theirmoral strength. We should promote prosperity,democracy, civility, and harmony, uphold freedom,equality, justice and the rule of law and advocatepatriotism, dedication, integrity, and friendship,so as to cultivate and observe core socialist values.We should maintain leadership and initiative in

theoretical work, provide correct guidance,enhance our ability to guide public opinion, andstrengthen the influence of the underlying trendof thought in our country.

2. Improve civic morality in an all-around way

This is the basic task for strengthening socialistmorals. We should integrate the rule of law withthe rule of virtue, intensify education in publicmorality, professional ethics, family virtues, andindividual integrity, and advocate traditionalChinese virtues and new trends of the times. Weshould press ahead with the program forimproving civic morality, exalt the true, the good,and the beautiful and reject the false, the evil, andthe ugly. We should encourage people to willinglymeet their statutory duties and obligations tosociety and family. We should create a socialatmosphere in which work is honored and creationis lauded, and cultivate social trends of recognizinghonor and disgrace, practicing integrity,encouraging dedication, and promoting harmony.We should carry out thorough education to addressserious ethical problems, and step up efforts toenhance government integrity, business and socialethics and judicial integrity. We should strengthenand improve education in values, providecompassionate care and psychological counseling,and cultivate self-respect, self-confidence, a senseof being rational, composure, and a desire to exceloneself among the people. We should conduct morepublic activities to promote cultural and ethicalprogress, encourage volunteer service, and carryout regular activities to learn from paragons ofvirtue such as Lei Feng and publicize theirexemplary deeds.

3. Enrich people’s intellectual and cultural lives

Enabling the people to lead healthy and richintellectual and cultural lives is an important partof our efforts to complete the building of a


moderately prosperous society in all respects. Weshould pursue people-centered cultural creation,and create better cultural products to provide thepeople with more and better nourishments for themind. We should be community- and people-focused in our cultural work, carry out at a fasterpace key cultural projects that benefit the people,increase support for promoting cultural progressin rural areas and underdeveloped areas and openmore public cultural service facilities to the publicfree of charge. We should develop a system forcarrying forward fine traditional culture andpromote outstanding traditional Chinese culture.We should extend and standardize the use of thestandard Chinese language. We should promotethe development and flourishing of culturalactivities of ethnic minorities. We should carry outpublic cultural activities and guide the people toexpress, educate, and serve themselves in thecourse of developing culture. We should launchreading programs for the general public. Weshould improve the contents of online services andadvocate healthy themes on the Internet. We shouldstrengthen social management of the Internet andpromote orderly network operation in accordancewith laws and regulations. We should crack downon pornography and illegal publications and resistvulgar trends. We should extend scientificknowledge, foster respect for science, and makethe whole nation better educated in science. Weshould carry out fitness activities across thecountry and fully promote both recreational andcompetitive sports.

4. Enhance the overall strength and internationalcompetitiveness of Chinese culture

The strength and international competitivenessof Chinese culture are an important indicator ofChina’s power and prosperity and the renewal ofthe Chinese nation. We should promote rapiddevelopment and all-around flourishing of the

cultural industry and cultural services and ensureboth social effect and economic benefits, withpriority on the former. We should developphilosophy and the social sciences, the press andpublishing, radio, television and films, andliterature and art. We should launch more majorpublic cultural projects and programs, improve thepublic cultural service system, and make suchservices more efficient. We should promoteintegration of culture with science and technology,develop new forms of cultural operations, andmake cultural operations larger in size and morespecialized. We should develop a moderncommunications network to improve our capacityfor communications. We should invigorate state-owned non-profit cultural institutions, improvecorporate governance of profit-oriented culturalentities, and create a thriving cultural market. Weshould open the cultural sector wider to the outsideworld and draw on cultural achievements of othercountries. We should foster a fine environment thatenables a large number of talented cultural figures,particularly eminent cultural figures andrepresentatives of Chinese culture, to distinguishthemselves in artistic pursuit. We should honorcultural personalities with outstandingcontribution.

We must adhere to the goal of advancingsocialist culture, deepen our awareness of andconfidence in Chinese culture, and strive to meetthe grand goal of developing a strong socialistculture in China.

VII. Strengthening Social Development byImproving the People’s Wellbeing andMaking Innovations in Management

Strengthening social development is animportant guarantee for maintaining socialharmony and stability. We must intensify ourefforts to improve the basic public service system,strengthen and make innovations in social


management, and boost the building of aharmonious socialist society in order to uphold thefundamental interests of the overwhelmingmajority of the people.

In strengthening social development, we mustgive high priority to ensuring and improving thepeople’s wellbeing. To improve people’s materialand cultural lives is the fundamental purpose ofreform and opening up and socialistmodernization. We should bring as much benefitas possible to the people, resolve as manydifficulties as possible for them, and solve the mostpressing and real problems of the greatest concernto them. We should keep making progress inensuring that all the people enjoy their rights toeducation, employment, medical and old-age care,and housing so that they will lead a better life.

To strengthen social development, we mustaccelerate social structural reform. With the aimof establishing a socialist system of socialmanagement with Chinese characteristics, weshould quicken the pace of building the followingmechanisms and systems: a law-based socialmanagement system featuring Party committeeleadership, government execution,nongovernmental support and publicparticipation; a basic public service system that isgovernment-led and sustainable and covers bothurban and rural areas; a system of modern socialorganizations in which functions of thegovernment are separated from those of socialorganizations, rights and responsibilities are clearlyestablished, and social organizations exerciseautonomy in accordance with the law; and a socialmanagement mechanism that resolves publiccomplaints at the source, exercises dynamicadministration, and responds to emergencies.

1. Work hard to run education to the satisfactionof the people

Education is the cornerstone of national

renewal and social progress. We must give highpriority to developing education, implement theParty’s education policy to the letter, ensure thateducation serves socialist modernization and thepeople, take fostering integrity and promotingrounded development of people as thefundamental task of education, and trainparticipants of and successors to the socialist causewho develop morally, intellectually, physically andaesthetically. We should provide well-roundededucation for all students, deepen overalleducation reform, focus on improving the qualityof education, and cultivate in students a sense ofsocial responsibility, a spirit of innovation and theability to acquire practical skills. We should developpreschool education, promote balanceddevelopment of nine-year compulsory education,make senior secondary education basicallyuniversal, accelerate development of modernvocational education, and bring out the fullpotential for development of higher education. Weshould actively develop continuing education,improve the system of lifelong education, and builda learning society. We should vigorously promotefairness in education, and ensure balancedallocation of educational resources with a focuson rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas.We should support special education, increasesubsidies to students from poor families, andensure that children of rural migrant workers incities have equal access to education. All this isdesigned to help all children gain requiredknowledge and skills. We should encourage andguide nongovernmental entities to run educationalprograms. We should strengthen the ranks ofteachers, and enhance their work ethics andprofessional competence as well as their sense ofhonor and responsibility as teachers.

2. Deliver a better job in creating employment

Employment is crucial to the people’s wellbeing.


We must implement the principle of promotingself-reliant employment, market-regulatedemployment and government-backed employmentand entrepreneurship, the strategy of giving toppriority to employment and a proactiveemployment policy. We should ensure that peoplehave realistic expectations about employment,encourage creating employment through multiplechannels and forms, and expand job opportunitiesby creating new businesses. We should increasejob opportunities for young people, especiallyuniversity graduates, the rural migrant labor force,urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs,and ex-servicepersons. We should strengthenvocational skill training; improve people’s abilityto find jobs and start up their own businesses; andenhance employment stability. We should improvethe human resources market and employmentservices, and make unemployment insurance playa bigger role in promoting employment. We shouldimprove the system of labor standards and themechanism for harmonizing labor relations,strengthen supervision of labor protection andlabor dispute mediation and arbitration, and buildharmonious labor relations.

3. Make every effort to increase individual income

To ensure that the people share in the fruits ofdevelopment, we must deepen reform of theincome distribution system, and increaseindividual income in step with economicdevelopment and work remuneration in step withimprovement in labor productivity, and we shouldraise the share of individual income in thedistribution of national income and increase theshare of work remuneration in primarydistribution. A proper balance should be struckbetween efficiency and fairness in both primaryand secondary distribution, with particularemphasis on fairness in secondary distribution. Weshould improve the primary distribution system

to allow factors of production such as labor, capital,technology and managerial expertise to have theirdue share of income according to their respectivecontribution; and we should take speedy steps toimprove the mechanism of secondary distributionregulating income distribution mainly throughtaxation, social security, and transfer payments.We should deepen reform of the wage and salarysystem in enterprises, government bodies andpublic institutions, promote collective bargainingon wages in enterprises, and protect income earnedthrough work. We should increase proprietaryindividual income through multiple channels. Weshould improve the way in which income isdistributed, protect lawful income, increase theincome of low-income groups, adjust excessivelyhigh income, and prohibit illicit income.

4. Promote coordinated development of the socialsecurity system in urban and rural areas

Social security is a basic system for ensuringpeople’s livelihood and adjusting social distribution.We should institute a complete, multi-tiered andsustainable system for providing basic socialsecurity for both the urban and rural population,with emphasis on making the system moreequitable and sustainable and ensuring the smoothtransfer of social security accounts betweenlocalities. We should reform and improve the socialinsurance system for enterprises as well asgovernment bodies and public institutions,integrate the basic old-age insurance and basicmedical insurance systems for non-working urbanresidents and the rural population, providesufficient funding for personal accounts for old-age insurance in a phased way, place basicpensions under unified national planning, andestablish mechanisms for setting standards onsocial security benefits and regularly adjusting themthat give due consideration to the interests ofpeople from all walks of life. We should widen


channels for raising money for social securityfunds, introduce a system to manage investmentoperations of social insurance funds, and ensurethat these funds are safe and appreciate over time.We should improve the social assistance systemand the social welfare system, support thedevelopment of charities, and ensure preferentialtreatment to entitled groups. We should put inplace a housing system that combines marketsupply and government support, strengthenconstruction and management of low-incomehousing, and better meet poor families’ basichousing needs. We should adhere to the basic statepolicy of gender equality and protect the legitimaterights and interests of women and children. Weshould actively address population aging andvigorously develop old-age services. We shouldimprove the social security and service systems forthe disabled and effectively protect their rights andinterests. We should improve the mechanism forsupervising the work of social security agencies andmake social security services more convenient andefficient.

5. Improve people’s health

Good health is a prerequisite for promotingwell-rounded development of the person. Keepingto the goal of improving people’s health, we shouldput disease prevention first, make rural areas thefocus of our work, support both traditional Chinesemedicine and Western medicine, establish a soundmechanism for basic medical and health care andstrengthen such endeavor at the community level.We should give high priority to carrying out overallreform in medical insurance, medical treatment,public health, drug supply, and the mechanism ofmonitoring and supervision, and we shouldimprove the policy for enhancing people’s healthand provide them with safe, effective, convenientand affordable public health services and basicmedical care. We should improve the medical

insurance system that covers the whole population,establish a mechanism to provide insurance andaid in treating major and very serious diseases, andimprove mechanisms for handling public healthemergencies and for preventing and controllingmajor diseases. We should consolidate the systemfor using basic drugs. We should improve the ruralmedical and health service network at county,township and village levels and the system ofurban community health services, deepen reformof public hospitals, and encourage the developmentof private hospitals. We should support thedevelopment of traditional Chinese medicine andthe traditional medicine of ethnic minorities. Weshould ensure that medical personnel providebetter services and improve their work ethics. Weshould reform and improve institutions andmechanisms for managing and supervising foodand drug safety. We should launch patrioticsanitation campaigns and ensure that people havegood health and a sense of contentment. We mustadhere to the basic state policy of family planning,improve the health of newborns, steadily improvethe population policy and promote long-term andbalanced population growth.

6. Strengthen and make innovations in socialmanagement

To conduct social management in a morescientific way, we must improve the laws,institutions and mechanisms concerning andcapacity for social management, and train morepersonnel and promote IT application in this field.We should improve the way in which thegovernment provides public services, strengthenthe system of social management and services atthe community level, and ensure that urban andrural communities provide better services.Enterprises, public institutions and people’sorganizations should play a better role inconducting social management and providing


related services. We should guide socialorganizations to develop in a healthy and orderlyway and fully leverage the fundamental role ofthe people in social management. We shouldimprove and make innovations in the managementrelating to and services for the floating populationand special groups. We should correctly handleproblems among the people, and put in place asound mechanism in which the Party and thegovernment play the leading role in upholding therights and interests of the people. We shouldimprove the system for handling people’scomplaints expressed in letters or visits, andimprove the integrated system of mediation by thepeople, administrative mediation and judicialmediation. We should maintain regular and openchannels for the people to voice their demands,for coordinating their interests and for protectingtheir rights and interests. We should establish asound mechanism for assessing potential risksmajor policy decisions may pose to social stability.We should improve the public safety system andthe workplace safety environment in enterprisesto curb major and very serious accidents. Weshould strengthen and improve the Party’sleadership over the work of judicial, procuratorial,and public security organs, and strengthen theirranks, so that they can fulfill their duties in carryingforward and protecting the cause of socialism withChinese characteristics. We should intensify effortsto ensure law and order, improve the multi-dimensional system for crime prevention andcontrol, strengthen the infrastructure of judicialbodies, and prevent and punish criminal and illegalactivities in accordance with the law to protect thepeople’s lives and property. We should improvethe national security strategy and its workmechanism, and keep high vigilance against andresolutely forestall separatist activities andactivities of infiltration and subversion carried outby hostile forces, so as to ensure national security.

As long as the whole Party and all the peoplemake concerted efforts, we can foster a dynamicenvironment in which everyone contributes tosocial harmony and benefits from a harmonioussociety.

VIII. Making Great Efforts to PromoteEcological Progress

Promoting ecological progress is a long-termtask of vital importance to the people’s wellbeingand China’s future. Faced with increasing resourceconstraints, severe environmental pollution and adeteriorating ecosystem, we must raise ourecological awareness of the need to respect,accommodate to and protect nature. We must givehigh priority to making ecological progress andincorporate it into all aspects and the whole processof advancing economic, political, cultural, andsocial progress, work hard to build a beautifulcountry, and achieve lasting and sustainabledevelopment of the Chinese nation.

We should remain committed to the basic statepolicy of conserving resources and protecting theenvironment as well as the principle of giving highpriority to conserving resources, protecting theenvironment and promoting its natural restoration,and strive for green, circular and low-carbondevelopment. We should preserve ourgeographical space and improve our industrialstructure, way of production and way of life inthe interest of conserving resources and protectingthe environment. We should address the root causeof deterioration of the ecological environment soas to reverse this trend, create a sound workingand living environment for the people, andcontribute our share to global ecological security.

1. Improve development of China’s geographicalspace

It is in geographical space that ecologicalprogress can be advanced, and we must cherish


every bit of it. Guided by the principle ofmaintaining balance between population,resources and the environment and promotingeconomic, social and ecological benefits, we shouldkeep the pace of development under control andregulate its space composition. We should ensurethat the space for production is used intensivelyand efficiently, that the living space is livable andproper in size, and that the ecological space isunspoiled and beautiful; and we should leave morespace for nature to achieve self-renewal. We shouldkeep more farmland for farmers, and leave to ourfuture generations a beautiful homeland with greenfields, clean water and a blue sky. We should ensurethe speedy implementation of the functional zoningstrategy and require all regions to pursuedevelopment in strict accordance with thisstrategy, and advance urbanization, agriculturaldevelopment and ecological security in a scientificand balanced way. We should enhance ourcapacity for exploiting marine resources, developthe marine economy, protect the marine ecologicalenvironment, resolutely safeguard China’smaritime rights and interests, and build China intoa maritime power.

2. Promote all-around resource conservation

Resource conservation is an important way toprotect the ecological environment. We shouldconserve resources and use them efficiently andbring about a fundamental change in the wayresources are utilized. We should strengthenconservation efforts all the way, drastically reduceenergy, water and land consumption per unit ofGDP, and use such resources in a better and moreefficient way. We should launch a revolution inenergy production and consumption, impose aceiling on total energy consumption, save energyand reduce its consumption. We should supportthe development of energy-efficient and low-carbon industries, new energy sources and

renewable energy sources and ensure China’senergy security. We should better protect watersources, impose a cap on total water consumption,promote water recycling, and build a water-conserving society. We should ensure that the redline for protecting farmland is not crossed andstrictly control land uses. We should strengthenexploration, protection and proper exploitation ofmineral resources. We should develop a circulareconomy to reduce waste and resourceconsumption, reuse resources and recycle wastein the process of production, distribution andconsumption.

3. Intensify protection of the ecosystem and theenvironment

A sound ecological environment is thefundamental basis for sustainable human andsocial development. We should launch majorprojects for restoring the ecosystem, increase ourcapacity for producing ecological products, takeintegrated steps to control desertification, stonydeserts and soil erosion, enlarge forests, lakes andwetlands, and protect biodiversity. We shouldaccelerate construction of water conservancyprojects, and enhance our capacity for respondingto floods, drought and waterlogging in urban andrural areas. We should improve the system forpreventing and mitigating natural disasters andbecome better able to respond to meteorological,geological and seismic disasters. We should take aholistic approach to intensifying prevention andcontrol of water, air and soil pollution, puttingprevention first and placing emphasis on seriousenvironmental problems that pose health hazardsto the people. We will work with the internationalcommunity to actively respond to global climatechange on the basis of equity and in accordancewith the common but differentiated responsibilitiesand respective capabilities of all countries.


4. Enhance system building to promote ecologicalprogress

System building is crucial to protecting theecological environment. Resource consumption,environmental damage and ecological benefitsshould be covered by the system of standards forevaluating economic and social development, andrelated goals, evaluation methods and reward andpunishment mechanisms should be adopted inkeeping with the need of promoting ecologicalprogress. We should establish a system fordeveloping and protecting China’s geographicalspace and improve the system for providing thestrictest possible protection for farmland andsystems for managing water resources andprotecting the environment. We should deepenreform of prices, taxes and fees for resourceproducts, and establish a system for paying forresource consumption and compensating forecological damage - a system that responds tomarket supply and demand and resource scarcity,recognizes ecological values and requirescompensation in the interests of later generations.We should carry out trials for trading energysavings, carbon emission rights, pollutiondischarge rights and water rights. We shouldstrengthen environmental monitoring and improvethe system of accountability for ecological andenvironmental protection and the system ofcompensation for environmental damage. Weshould increase publicity of and education inecological progress, raise public awareness of theneed to conserve resources, protect theenvironment and promote ecological progress, andfoster a social atmosphere of practicing moderateconsumption and cherishing the ecologicalenvironment.

We must treasure nature more consciously,protect the ecosystem more actively, and strive tousher in a new era of socialist ecological progress.

IX. Accelerating the Modernization of NationalDefense and the Armed Forces

Building strong national defense and powerfularmed forces that are commensurate with China’sinternational standing and meet the needs of itssecurity and development interests is a strategictask of China’s modernization drive. China is facedwith interwoven problems affecting its survivaland development security as well as traditionaland non-traditional security threats. To addressthese problems and threats, we must make majorprogress in modernizing national defense and thearmed forces. We must, responding to China’s coresecurity needs and following the three-stepdevelopment strategy for modernizing nationaldefense and the armed forces, ensure botheconomic development and development ofdefense capabilities, intensify efforts to accomplishthe dual historic tasks of military mechanizationand full IT application, striving to basicallycomplete military mechanization and make majorprogress in full military IT application by 2020.

To modernize national defense and the armedforces, we must follow the guidance of MaoZedong’s military thinking, Deng Xiaoping’sthinking on enhancing our military capabilities inthe new historical period, Jiang Zemin’s thinkingon strengthening our national defense and armedforces, and the Party’s thinking on strengtheningour national defense and armed forces under newconditions. We should act to meet the newrequirements of China’s national development andsecurity strategies and ensure that the armed forcesfully carry out their historic mission in the newstage in the new century. We should implementthe military strategy of active defense for the newperiod, and enhance military strategic guidanceas the times so require. We should attach greatimportance to maritime, space and cyberspacesecurity. We should make active planning for the


use of military forces in peacetime, expand andintensify military preparedness, and enhance thecapability to accomplish a wide range of militarytasks, the most important of which is to win localwar in an information age.

We should follow the guideline ofstrengthening national defense and the armedforces in a scientific way, take faster change of theway of raising military combat effectiveness as amajor task, fully enhance the revolutionary natureof the armed forces and ensure that they aremodern and follow standard procedures in alloperations. We must unwaveringly adhere to theprinciple of the Party’s absolute leadership overthe armed forces and continue to educate them inthe system of theories of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. We should constantly cultivate thecore values of contemporary revolutionary servicepersonnel, vigorously promote advanced militaryculture, and preserve the nature and the characterof the military as the people’s army. We shouldunswervingly pursue full IT application as the goalin achieving military modernization and step upthis effort. We should strengthen the developmentof new- and high-technology weapons andequipment, speed up the complete developmentof modern logistics, train a new type of high-calibermilitary personnel in large numbers, intensivelycarry out military training under computerizedconditions, and enhance integrated combatcapability based on extensive IT application. Weshould increase efforts to run the armed forces withstrict discipline and in accordance with the law,and raise their standardization to a new level.

We should closely follow the new globalmilitary revolution that is gathering pace, advancereform of our national defense and armed forcesin a both active and prudent way, and deepenmilitary transformation with Chinesecharacteristics. With innovative military theoriestaking the lead, we should enhance our capacity

for innovation in defense-oriented research andindustries, modernize the military organizationalstructure, and build a system of modern militaryforces with Chinese characteristics.

We should continue to follow a Chinese-stylepath that integrates the development of militaryand civilian sectors, combine efforts to make thecountry prosperous and the armed forces strong,and strengthen strategic planning, system buildingas well as related laws and regulations to boostthe development of military and civilian sectors inan integrated way. We should speed up thebuilding of a modern armed police force. We shouldraise public awareness of the importance ofnational defense and improve the capacity fornational defense mobilization and the capabilityof our reserve forces. We should consolidate andincrease unity between the military and thegovernment and between the military and thecivilians.

China pursues a national defense policy thatis defensive in nature. Our endeavors to strengthennational defense aim to safeguard China’ssovereignty, security and territorial integrity andensure its peaceful development. China’s armedforces have always been a staunch force upholdingworld peace and will continue to increasecooperation and mutual trust with the armedforces of other countries, participate in regionaland international security affairs, and thus playan active role in international political and securityfields.

X. Enriching the Practice of “One Country,Two Systems” and Advancing China’sReunification

Since their return to the motherland, HongKong and Macao have embarked on a broad roadalong which they and the mainland draw on eachother’s strengths and pursue commondevelopment, and the success of the “one country,


two systems” principle has won global recognition.The underlying goal of the principles and policiesadopted by the central government concerningHong Kong and Macao is to uphold China’ssovereignty, security and development interestsand maintain long-term prosperity and stabilityof the two regions. We must fully and faithfullyimplement the principle of “one country, twosystems,” under which the people of Hong Konggovern Hong Kong and the people of Macaogovern Macao and both regions enjoy a highdegree of autonomy. We must both adhere to theone-China principle and respect the differences ofthe two systems, both uphold the power of thecentral government and ensure a high degree ofautonomy in the special administrative regions,both give play to the role of the mainland as thestaunch supporter of Hong Kong and Macao andincrease their competitiveness. At no time shouldwe focus only on one side to the neglect of the other.

The central government will act in strictaccordance with the basic laws of the specialadministrative regions, improve work mechanismsfor their enforcement, and firmly support the chiefexecutives and governments of the two specialadministrative regions in governing the two regionsin accordance with the law. The centralgovernment will firmly support them in leadingthe people from all walks of life in focusing oneconomic development, taking effective steps toimprove the people’s wellbeing, and advancingorderly and phased-in democracy as well asinclusiveness, mutual support and harmony. Thecentral government will increase economic ties andtrade between the mainland and the two regions,and promote exchanges and cooperation betweenthem in all fields. The central government will alsofirmly support the chief executives andgovernments of the two special administrativeregions in promoting the unity of our compatriotsin Hong Kong and Macao under the banner of

loving both the motherland and their respectiveregions and in guarding against and forestallingexternal intervention in the affairs of Hong Kongand Macao.

We are convinced that our compatriots inHong Kong and Macao not only have the wisdom,ability and resourcefulness to successfully governand develop the two regions; they can certainlyalso play an active role in national affairs and sharewith other people of all ethnic groups in Chinathe dignity and glory of being Chinese.

To resolve the Taiwan question and achievethe complete reunification of China is an irresistiblehistorical process. Peaceful reunification is in thebest interests of the Chinese nation, including ourcompatriots in Taiwan. To achieve peacefulreunification, we must, above everything else,ensure peaceful growth of relations between thetwo sides of the Taiwan Straits. We must adhereto the principle of “peaceful reunification and onecountry, two systems” and the eight-point proposalfor growing cross-Straits relations and advancingpeaceful reunification of the motherland. We mustput into full practice the important thought ofpeaceful growth of cross-Straits relations,consolidate and strengthen the political, economic,cultural and social foundation for such growth,and create even better conditions for achievingpeaceful reunification.

We must continue to adhere to the one-Chinaprinciple. Although the mainland and Taiwan areyet to be reunified, the fact that both belong to oneChina has never changed. China’s territory andsovereignty have always been indivisible and nodivision will be tolerated. The two sides of theTaiwan Straits should uphold the common standof opposing Taiwan independence and of followingthe 1992 Consensus. Both sides should increasetheir common commitment to upholding the one-China framework and, on this basis, expandcommon ground and set aside differences. We are


ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue andcooperation with any political party in Taiwan aslong as it does not seek Taiwan independence andrecognizes the one-China principle.

We should sustain cross-Straits exchanges andcooperation. We should deepen economiccooperation to increase common interests. Weshould expand cultural exchanges to enhance acommon sense of national identity, and furtherpeople-to-people contacts to cultivate mutualgoodwill. We should promote consultation on anequal footing and strengthen institutional building.We hope that the two sides will jointly explorecross-Straits political relations and make reasonablearrangements for them under the special conditionthat the country is yet to be reunified. We hopethe two sides will discuss the establishment of across-Straits confidence-building mechanism formilitary security to maintain stability in theirrelations and reach a peace agreement throughconsultation so as to open a new horizon inadvancing the peaceful growth of these relations.

We should encourage the compatriots on bothsides of the Taiwan Straits to unite and pursue acommon endeavor. The compatriots on both sidesbelong to the same Chinese nation and form acommunity of common destiny bound by bloodties; and we have every reason to care about andtrust each other, jointly advance cross-Straitsrelations, and share in the fruits of development.We will make every effort to do anything that willpromote the common wellbeing of the compatriotson both sides of the Taiwan Straits. We should fullyprotect the rights and interests of our Taiwancompatriots and work with them to safeguard andbuild the common home of the Chinese nation.

We resolutely oppose any separatist attemptfor Taiwan independence. The Chinese people willnever allow anyone or any force to separate Taiwanfrom the motherland by any means. Any separatistattempt for Taiwan independence, which

undermines the common interests of thecompatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, isdoomed to fail.

Working hand in hand, we, the sons anddaughters of the Chinese nation, will surelyaccomplish the great cause of China’s reunificationin the course of our common endeavor to achievethe great renewal of the Chinese nation.

XI. Continuing to Promote the Noble Causeof Peace and Development of Mankind

The world today is undergoing profound andcomplex changes, but peace and developmentremain the underlying trends of our times. Theglobal trends toward multipolarity and economicglobalization are deepening. Cultural diversity isincreasing, and an information society is fastemerging. New breakthroughs are in the makingin the scientific and technological revolution.Global cooperation is expanding at multiple levelsand on all fronts. Emerging market economies anddeveloping countries are gaining in overallstrength, tipping the balance of international forcesin favor of the maintenance of world peace. Allthis has created more favorable conditions forensuring general stability in the internationalenvironment.

On the other hand, the world is still far frombeing peaceful. The global financial crisis isproducing a far-reaching impact on the world.World economic growth is overshadowed bygrowing factors of instability and uncertainty, andimbalance in global development has widened.There are signs of increasing hegemonism, powerpolitics and neo-interventionism, and local turmoilkeeps cropping up. Global issues such as foodsecurity, energy and resource security and cybersecurity are becoming more acute.

Mankind has only one earth to live on, andcountries have only one world to share. Historyteaches us that the law of the jungle will not lead


to the coexistence of human society and that thearbitrary use of force cannot make the world abetter place. To pursue peace, development andcooperation and oppose war, eliminate povertyand avoid confrontation in order to build aharmonious world of enduring peace and commonprosperity - this is what the people of all countrieslong for.

We call for promoting equality, mutual trust,inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutuallybeneficial cooperation in international relationsand making joint efforts to uphold internationalfairness and justice. In promoting equality andmutual trust, we should observe the purposes andprinciples of the Charter of the United Nations,and support equality among all countries, big orsmall, strong or weak, rich or poor. We shouldadvance democracy in international relations,respect sovereignty, share security, and upholdworld peace and stability. In promotinginclusiveness and mutual learning, we shouldrespect diversity of civilizations and developmentpaths, respect and safeguard the rights of allpeoples to independently choose their social systemand development path, learn from others to makeup for our shortcomings, and advance humancivilization. In promoting mutually beneficialcooperation, we should raise awareness abouthuman beings sharing a community of commondestiny. A country should accommodate thelegitimate concerns of others when pursuing itsown interests; and it should promote commondevelopment of all countries when advancing itsown development. Countries should establish anew type of global development partnership thatis more equitable and balanced, stick together intimes of difficulty, both share rights and shoulderobligations, and boost the common interests ofmankind.

China will continue to hold high the banner ofpeace, development, cooperation and mutual

benefit and strive to uphold world peace andpromote common development.

China will unswervingly follow the path ofpeaceful development and firmly pursue anindependent foreign policy of peace. We are firmin our resolve to uphold China’s sovereignty,security and development interests and will neveryield to any outside pressure. We will decide ourposition and policy on an issue on its own meritsand work to uphold fairness and justice. China iscommitted to peaceful settlement of internationaldisputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wantonuse of force or threat to use it, opposes any foreignattempt to subvert the legitimate government ofany other countries, and opposes terrorism in allits manifestations. China opposes hegemonism andpower politics in all their forms, does not interferein other countries’ internal affairs and will neverseek hegemony or engage in expansion. China willcontinue to keep in mind both the interests of theChinese people and the common interests of thepeople of all countries, get more actively involvedin international affairs, play its due role of a majorresponsible country, and work jointly with othercountries to meet global challenges.

China will unwaveringly follow a win-winstrategy of opening up and promote robust,sustainable and balanced growth of the globaleconomy through increased cooperation. We arecommitted to narrowing the North-South gap andsupporting other developing countries inenhancing their capacity for self-development.China will strengthen coordination with othermajor economies on macroeconomic policy andresolve economic and trade frictions with othercountries through consultation. China upholds theprinciple of balancing rights with obligations. Wewill take an active part in global economicgovernance, promote and facilitate free trade andinvestment, and oppose protectionism in all itsforms.


China is committed to growing friendship andcooperation in all fields with other countries onthe basis of the Five Principles of PeacefulCoexistence. We will improve and grow ourrelations with developed countries by expandingareas of cooperation and properly addressingdifferences with them; and we will strive toestablish a new type of relations of long-termstability and sound growth with other majorcountries. We will continue to promote friendshipand partnership with our neighbors, consolidatefriendly relations and deepen mutually beneficialcooperation with them, and ensure that China’sdevelopment will bring more benefits to ourneighbors. We will increase unity and cooperationwith other developing countries, work with themto uphold the legitimate rights and interests ofdeveloping countries and support efforts toincrease their representation and voice ininternational affairs. China will remain a reliablefriend and sincere partner of other developingcountries. We will actively participate inmultilateral affairs, support the United Nations,G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,BRICS and other multilateral organizations inplaying an active role in international affairs, andwork to make the international order and systemmore just and equitable. We will take solid steps topromote public diplomacy as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and protectChina’s legitimate rights and interests overseas. Wewill conduct friendly exchanges with politicalparties and organizations of other countries andencourage people’s congresses, national and localcommittees of the Chinese People’s PoliticalConsultative Conference, local governments andpeople’s organizations to increase overseasexchanges so as to consolidate the socialfoundation for enhancing China’s relations withother countries.

The Chinese people love peace and yearn for

development. We are ready to work with thepeople of other countries to unremittingly promotethe noble cause of peace and development formankind.

XII. Making Party Building More Scientific inAll Respects

Rallying and leading the people in completingthe building of a moderately prosperous society inall respects, in advancing socialist modernizationand in achieving the great renewal of the Chinesenation is an important mission for our Party. Whenthe Party maintains its strength and close ties withthe people, China enjoys prosperity and stabilityand the Chinese people live in peace andhappiness. Facing the new developments, theprogress in our cause and the expectation thepeople have of us, we should comprehensivelycarry out the great new undertaking of Partybuilding in an innovative reform-driven mannerand make Party building more scientific in allrespects.

The whole Party must bear in mind that onlyby taking root among the people and deliveringbenefits to them can the Party remain invincible,and that only by being on guard against adversityin times of peace and forging boldly ahead can theParty remain in the forefront of the times. Undernew conditions, the Party faces complicated andsevere long-term tests in exercising governance,carrying out reform and opening up anddeveloping the market economy as well as testsfrom the external environment. And the wholeParty is confronted with increasingly grave dangersof lacking in drive, incompetence, being out oftouch with the people, corruption and othermisconduct. We should steadily improve theParty’s art of leadership and governance; andincrease its ability to resist corruption, preventdegeneration and ward off risks - this is a majorissue the Party must solve in order to consolidate


its position as the governing party and carry outits mission of governance. All Party members mustheighten their sense of urgency and sense ofresponsibility and focus on strengthening theParty’s governance capacity, advanced nature andpurity. We should continue to free up our mindsand carry out reform and innovation, and upholdthe principle that the Party should supervise itsown conduct and run itself with strict discipline.We should make all-around efforts to strengthenthe Party theoretically and organizationally andimprove its conduct. We should become better ableto fight corruption, uphold Party integrity andimprove Party rules and regulations. We shouldenhance our capacity for self-purity, self-improvement, self-development and self-innovation and build the Party into an innovative,service-oriented and learning Marxist governingparty. By taking these steps, we can ensure thatthe Party is always the firm leadership core guidingthe cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

1. Be firm in our ideal and conviction and remaintrue to the faith of Communists

Communists’ faith in Marxism, socialism andcommunism is their political soul and sustains themin all tests. We should give high priority todeveloping the Party’s theory, which is essentialfor Party building. We should study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the systemof theories of socialism with Chinese characteristicsand intensively study and apply the ScientificOutlook on Development. We should build learningParty organizations, educate Party members andofficials in our shared ideal of socialism withChinese characteristics and encourage them tounremittingly pursue this ideal. We shouldintensify education in the Party spirit, which is atthe core of Party building, study Party history, andgain a full understanding of the experience andlessons reviewed in the Party’s two resolutions on

certain questions in its history. We should carryforward the Party’s fine traditions and conductand make its members and officials develop a firmand correct worldview and a firm and correctattitude toward power and career, take acommitted political stand and become better ableto tell right from wrong on major issues of principle.We should raise the moral standards of Partymembers, which are the foundation of Partybuilding, encourage Party members and officialsto become role models in practicing socialist viewson honor and disgrace, and urge them to observethe Party spirit and ethical standards and set goodexamples for the public. We should encourageParty members and officials to become paragonsof socialist ethics, lead in fostering a social trend ofhonesty and integrity, uphold fairness and justice,and thus demonstrate with concrete actions themoral integrity of Communists.

2. Put people first, exercise governance for thepeople and always maintain close ties with them

Serving the people is the fundamental purposeof the Party, and putting people first and exercisinggovernance for the people is the ultimate yardstickfor judging all the Party’s performance in thisregard. At all times we must put the people’sinterests above everything else, be of one mind withthe people, share a common destiny with them,and rely on them to propel history forward. Tomaintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity,we should carry out intensive activities throughoutthe Party to study and practice its mass line, withthe focus on the need to serve the people and to bedown-to-earth, honest and upright in conduct. Weshould solve pressing problems of keen concern tothe people, and raise our ability to do people-relatedwork well under new conditions. We shouldimprove the system for Party members and officialsto maintain direct contact with the people. Weshould consult the people on governance, learn


about their needs, seek their advice, and drawwisdom and strength from their great practices.We should endeavor to bring prosperity to thepeople and promote national renewal, be eager toblaze new trails and live up to our responsibility,and deliver more concrete services to thesatisfaction of the people. We should always workhard and practice economy. We should makedetermined efforts to improve the style of writingand the conduct of meetings, and reject undesirablepractices such as mediocrity, laziness, laxity andextravagance, the practice of just going throughformalities, and bureaucratism. We should use theParty’s fine conduct to enhance Partycohesiveness, win popular support and improvethe conduct of the government and the generalpublic. We should support people’s organizationssuch as trade unions, the Chinese CommunistYouth League and women’s federations in fullyplaying their roles as bridges linking the Party andgovernment with the people, voicing publicconcern and protecting people’s legitimate rightsand interests.

3. Vigorously promote intra-Party democracy andenhance the Party’s creative vitality

Intra-Party democracy is the life of the Party.We should adhere to democratic centralism,improve institutions for intra-Party democracy,and promote people’s democracy with intra-Partydemocracy. We should uphold the principalposition of Party members, better protect theirdemocratic rights, and conduct criticism and self-criticism. We should foster comradely relationsbased on equality and democratic principles, apolitical atmosphere that encourages democraticdiscussion, and an institutional environment fordemocratic oversight. We should ensure that Partymembers have the right to stay informed of,participate in and oversee Party affairs, as well asthe right to vote. We should improve the system of

Party congresses, raise the proportion of delegatesfrom among workers and farmers to them,implement and improve the tenure system fordelegates to Party congresses, experiment with asystem of annual sessions of the Party congressesat the town and township level, proceed with trialsof the system of Party congresses with a fixed termin selected counties and county-level cities anddistricts, and introduce the system for delegates toParty congresses to submit proposals. We shouldimprove the system of intra-Party election, andstandards governing multi-candidate nominationand election, and create procedures and a climatethat fully embody the will of voters. We shouldstrengthen the decision-making and oversight roleof plenary sessions of Party committees andimprove procedural rules and decision-makingprocedures of their standing committees. We shouldalso improve the system for local Party committeesto make decisions on major issues and appoint keyofficials by ballot. We should expand intra-Partydemocracy at the community level, improve thesystem for Party members to assess theperformance of leading bodies of community-levelParty organizations on a regular basis, makearrangements for Party members to sit in onmeetings of community-level Party committees andfor delegates to Party congresses to attend relevantmeetings of Party committees at the same levels,both in non-voting capacity, and thus conductintra-Party activities in strict accordance withthese principles and make them moretransparent.

4. Deepen reform of the system for the managementof officials and personnel and build a contingentof competent key officials for governance

To uphold and build socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, it is imperative to build a contingentof key officials for governance who are firm inpolitical conviction, competent and energetic and


have fine conduct. We should adhere to theprinciple of the Party supervising the performanceof officials. We should appoint officials on theirmerits without regard to their origins, selectofficials on the basis of both their moral integrityand their professional competence with prioritygiven to the former, and promote officials who areoutstanding in performance and enjoy popularsupport. We should deepen reform of the systemfor the management of officials and personnel sothat officials with outstanding performance in allfields will come to the fore in large numbers, andwe should tap their potential to the full and puttheir talent to best use. We should fully and strictlyimplement the principle of selecting officials in ademocratic, open, competitive and merits-basedway, make the management of them moredemocratic, enhance democracy, improve the wayof selecting officials through competition, increasepublic trust in the selection and appointment ofofficials and ensure that honest people are notdisadvantaged and schemers do not have theirway. We should improve the system for assessingthe performance of officials and require leadingofficials to view their performance for what it is.We should improve the system for themanagement of officials, conduct strict supervisionover them, strengthen training and selection ofofficials as heads of Party and government bodiesor for other key positions, and improve the publicservant system. We should improve thecomposition of leading bodies and the mix of theranks of officials, give high priority to training andselecting officials from among those working onthe frontline or in local communities, and widenthe channel for outstanding individuals fromsociety at large to become Party and governmentofficials. We should reform the personnelmanagement system in state-owned enterprisesand public institutions. We should strengthen andimprove education and training of officials to

enhance their competence. We should make greaterefforts to train and select outstanding youngofficials, attach importance to training andselecting officials from among women and ethnicminorities, and encourage young officials to workand gain experience in local communities and inhardship areas. We should provide full services forretired officials.

5. Adhere to the principle of the Party exercisingleadership over personnel management and attractoutstanding individuals from all over for the causeof the Party and country

Widening channels to attract talent is importantfor advancing the cause of the Party and people.We should respect work, knowledge, talent andcreation, pursue at a faster pace the strategy oftraining competent personnel as a priority to builda large contingent of such personnel, and turnChina from a country with large human resourcesinto one with a large pool of competentprofessionals. We should coordinate the trainingof all types of personnel, implement major projectsfor training and attracting high-caliber personnel,give more support to the training of innovative andentrepreneurial personnel, prioritize the trainingof people with practical skills, and encourage theflow of talents to the frontlines of research andproduction. We should fully develop and utilizehuman resources both at home and abroad, andactively attract high-caliber personnel fromoverseas and turn them to good use. We shouldaccelerate reform of institutions and mechanismsfor talent development, adopt innovative policiesfor this purpose and establish a national system ofhonors. We should form an internationallycompetitive personnel system that is capable offiring the creativity and talent of people, and thusfoster a dynamic environment in which everyonecan fully tap their potential and put their talent tobest use.


6. Promote community-level Party building in aninnovative way and consolidate the organizationalfoundation for the exercise of governance by theParty

Community-level Party organizations play akey role in rallying and leading the people inimplementing the Party’s theories, line, principlesand policies and in carrying out its tasks. We shouldimplement the system of responsibility for Partybuilding, strengthen Party organizations in bothrural and urban communities, step up efforts toestablish and strengthen Party organizations innon-public economic entities and socialorganizations, and carry out community-levelParty building in all areas. We should expand thecoverage of Party organizations and Party work,fully leverage the role of community-level Partyorganizations in enhancing development, servingthe people, rallying public support and promotingharmony, and ensure that efforts to strengthencommunity-level Party organizations also spur thedevelopment of all other community-levelorganizations. We should improve the network ofcommunity-level Party organizations, enhance thecompetence of their leaders, further integrate Partybuilding resources in urban and rural areas, andensure sufficient funding for community-levelParty organizations. We should make community-level Party organizations more service-oriented,with serving the people and engaging in people-related work being their main tasks. We shouldstrengthen and improve education andmanagement of Party members, with a focus onenhancing their Party spirit and raising theiroverall quality, improve the permanent mechanismfor encouraging them to excel in their work, andencourage them to be vanguards and role models.We should ensure that Party members participatein Party activities regularly, and improve regularreview of Party members’ Party spirit and

democratic evaluation of their performance. Weshould improve education and management ofParty members among the floating population andprovide better services for them. We should recruitbetter qualified people into the Party, and give highpriority to recruiting new members from amongyoung workers, farmers and intellectuals. Weshould perfect the mechanism for recruiting anddisqualifying Party members so as to improve thecomposition of Party membership.

7. Unswervingly combat corruption and preserveCommunists’ political character of integrity

Combating corruption and promoting politicalintegrity, which is a major political issue of greatconcern to the people, is a clear-cut and long-termpolitical commitment of the Party. If we fail tohandle this issue well, it could prove fatal to theParty, and even cause the collapse of the Party andthe fall of the state. We must thus make unremittingefforts to combat corruption, promote integrityand stay vigilant against degeneration. We shouldkeep to the Chinese-style path of combatingcorruption and promoting integrity. We shouldpersist in combating corruption in an integratedway, addressing both its symptoms and rootcauses, and combining punishment andprevention, with emphasis on the latter. We shouldadvance in an all-around way the establishmentof a system of combating corruption through bothpunishment and prevention and see to it thatofficials are honest, the government is clean, andpolitical integrity is upheld. We should strengtheneducation about combating corruption andpromoting clean government and improve theculture of clean government. Leading officials atall levels, especially high-ranking officials, mustreadily observe the code of conduct on cleangovernance and report all important factsconcerned. They should both exercise strict self-discipline and strengthen education and


supervision over their family and staff; and theyshould never seek any privilege. We should ensurethat strict procedures are followed in the exerciseof power, and tighten oversight over the exerciseof power by leading officials, especially principalleading officials. We should deepen reform of keyareas and crucial links, improve the system of anti-corruption laws, prevent and manage risks to cleangovernment, avoid conflict of interests, prevent andfight corruption more effectively and in a morescientific way, and increase international anti-corruption cooperation. We should rigorouslyimplement the system of accountability forimproving Party conduct and upholding integrity.We should improve the system of disciplinesupervision and inspection, improve the unifiedmanagement of representative offices of Partycommissions for discipline inspection, and enablediscipline inspectors to better play their role ofsupervision. We must maintain a tough positionin cracking down on corruption at all times,conduct thorough investigations into majorcorruption cases and work hard to resolveproblems of corruption that directly affect thepeople. All those who violate Party discipline andstate laws, whoever they are and whatever poweror official positions they have, must be brought tojustice without mercy.

8. Strictly enforce Party discipline and willinglyuphold centralized leadership of the Party

Centralized leadership of the Party is the sourceof its strength and a fundamental guarantee forChina’s economic and social development, ethnicunity and progress, and enduring peace andstability. The more complexities the Party faces andthe more arduous the tasks it undertakes, the moreimperative it is for the Party to strengthen itsdiscipline and uphold centralized leadership. Partyorganizations at all levels and all Party members

and officials, especially principal leading officials,must willingly abide by the Party Constitution aswell as its organizational principles and guidingprinciples for its political activities; and no one isallowed to place oneself above the Partyorganization. All Party organizations and membersmust resolutely uphold the authority of the CentralCommittee and maintain a high degree of unitywith it theoretically, politically and in action. Wemust faithfully implement the Party’s theories, line,principles and policies and ensure that the decisionsof the Central Committee are carried outeffectively; and we will never allow anyone to takecountermeasures against them or disregard them.We will strengthen oversight and inspection,strictly enforce Party discipline, political disciplinein particular, and take stern actions againstviolations of Party discipline. We must ensure thatall are equal before discipline, that nobody has theprivilege of not observing it and that no exceptionshould be made in its enforcement. This will enablethe whole Party from leadership to the ranks toadvance in unison as a great force.

Comrades,

We are striving for the great renewal of theChinese nation along the path of socialism withChinese characteristics - this is what countlesspatriots and revolutionary martyrs yearned for.Through protracted and arduous struggle, ourParty has, relying closely on the people and makingthe utmost sacrifice, made epic accomplishments.Our Party brought an end to, once and for all, themisery of old China, a poor and weak country thathad suffered from both domestic turmoil andforeign aggression in modern times, and launchedthe Chinese nation’s irreversible historic march todevelopment and great renewal. It has thusenabled the Chinese nation, which has acivilization of over 5,000 years, to stand rock-firm


On Scientific Outlook on Development

— The most important achievement in ourendeavors in the past ten years is that we haveformed the Scientific Outlook on Development and

Key Quotes from Hu Jintao’s Report toCPC National Congress

put it into practice. — This theory provides new scientific answers

to the major questions of what kind of developmentChina should achieve in a new environment and

with a completely new image in the family ofnations. Shouldering heavier responsibilities andtasks on our new journey forward, we mustbecome firmer in our conviction and make moredetermined efforts to accomplish the three historictasks of advancing modernization, reunifying thecountry, and upholding world peace andpromoting common development.

To live up to the people’s trust in andexpectation of us and stand new tests under newhistorical conditions, the whole Party must bekeenly aware of potential dangers, be modest andprudent, guard against arrogance and impetuosity,and remain clear-headed. We must be innovativein our thinking, uphold truth and correct mistakes,and always maintain energy and drive. We mustuphold the fundamental purpose of the Party, trustand rely on the people, and always put them aboveeverything else. We must heighten our sense ofmission, be realistic and pragmatic, defy difficultiesand work hard, and preserve the political integrityof Communists.

The cause of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics holds great promise for the future,and its success hinges on continuous hard work ofgenerations of young people with aspirations. Thewhole Party should care about young people, learnabout what they have in mind, encourage theirgrowth and support them in pursuing careers inan entrepreneurial spirit. Young people should

respond to the Party’s call, foster a correctworldview, outlook on life and sense of values andalways cherish deep love for our great country,our great people and our great nation. Let theiryouthful vigor shine with radiance as theyendeavor to advance the great cause of socialismwith Chinese characteristics.

The success of the cause of socialism withChinese characteristics cannot be achieved withoutthe concerted efforts of all the sons and daughtersof the Chinese nation. Our common cause dependson unity, and our strength lies in unity. All Partymembers should improve their Party spirit so as toensure unity, promote unity through pursuing ourcommon cause, willingly uphold the unity of thewhole Party, strengthen the unity of the people ofall ethnic groups in China and the unity of all thesons and daughters of the Chinese nation, bothhere in the country and overseas, and promote thegreat unity of the Chinese people with the peoplesof other countries.

Let us hold high the great banner of socialismwith Chinese characteristics, rally more closelyaround the Party Central Committee, strive tocomplete the building of a moderately prosperoussociety in all respects, continue to win new victoriesfor socialism with Chinese characteristics, andmake joint efforts to create an even brighter futurefor the Chinese people and nation.


how the country should achieve it. — Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao

Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and theimportant thought of Three Represents, theScientific Outlook on Development is the theoreticalguidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.

On socialism with Chinese characteristics

— We must unswervingly follow the path ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics.

— Our overall approach is to promoteeconomic, political, cultural, social, and ecologicalprogress, and our general task is to achieve socialistmodernization and the great renewal of theChinese nation.

On building moderately prosperous society

— We need to have a correct understandingof the changing nature and conditions of thisperiod, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative andadvantages to win the future and attain the goalof completing the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects by 2020.

— An examination of both the currentinternational and domestic environments showsthat China remains in an important period ofstrategic opportunities for its development, a periodin which much can be achieved.

-- On the basis of making China’s developmentmuch more balanced, coordinated and sustainable,we should double its 2010 GDP and per capitaincome for both urban and rural residents.

— To complete the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects, we must, withgreater political courage and vision, lose no timein deepening reform in key sectors and resolutelydiscard all notions and systems that hinder effortsto pursue development in a scientific way.

On economy

— Taking economic development as thecentral task is vital to national renewal, and

development still holds the key to addressing allthe problems we have in China.

— The underlying issue we face in economicstructural reform is how to strike a balancebetween the role of the government and that ofthe market, and we should follow more closely therules of the market and better play the role of thegovernment.

— We should firmly maintain the strategicfocus of boosting domestic demand, speed up theestablishment of a long-term mechanism forincreasing consumer demand, unleash thepotential of individual consumption, increaseinvestment at a proper pace, and expand thedomestic market.

— We should give high priority to rural areasin developing infrastructure and social programsin the country.

On political structure reform

— We must continue to make both active andprudent efforts to carry out the reform of thepolitical structure, and make people’s democracymore extensive, fuller in scope and sounder inpractice.

— We should place high importance onsystemic building, give full play to the strength ofthe socialist political system and draw on thepolitical achievements of other societies. However,we will never copy a Western political system.

On improving people’s wellbeing

— We should keep making progress in ensuringthat all the people enjoy their rights to education,employment, medical and old-age care, andhousing so that they will lead a better life.

On ecological progress

— We must give high priority to makingecological progress and incorporate it into allaspects and the whole process of advancingeconomic, political, cultural, and social progress,work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve


lasting and sustainable development of the Chinesenation.

On military modernization

— Building strong national defense andpowerful armed forces that are commensurate withChina’s international standing and meet the needsof its security and development interests is astrategic task of China’s modernization drive.

— We should attach great importance tomaritime, space and cyberspace security. Weshould make active planning for the use of militaryforces in peacetime, expand and intensify militarypreparedness, and enhance the capability toaccomplish a wide range of military tasks, the mostimportant of which is to win local war in aninformation age.

On Taiwan

— We are ready to conduct exchanges,dialogue and cooperation with any political partyin Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwanindependence and recognizes the one-Chinaprinciple.

— We hope that the two sides will jointlyexplore cross-Straits political relations and makereasonable arrangements for them under thespecial condition that the country is yet to bereunified.

— We hope the two sides will discuss theestablishment of a cross-Straits military securityconfidence-building mechanism to maintainstability in their relations and reach a peaceagreement through consultation so as to open anew horizon in advancing the peaceful growth ofthese relations.

On foreign affairs

— China will unswervingly follow the path ofpeaceful development and firmly pursue anindependent foreign policy of peace.

— We are firm in our resolve to upholdChina’s sovereignty, security and developmentinterests and will never yield to any outsidepressure.

— We will decide our position and policy onan issue on its own merits and work to upholdfairness and justice.

— China is committed to peaceful settlementof international disputes and hotspot issues,opposes the wanton use of force or threat to use it,opposes any foreign attempt to subvert thelegitimate government of any other countries, andopposes terrorism in all its manifestations.

— China opposes hegemonism and powerpolitics in all their forms and will never seekhegemony or engage in expansion.

On Party building

— Combating corruption and promotingpolitical integrity, which is a major political issueof great concern to the people, is a clear-cut andlong-term political commitment of the Party. If wefail to handle this issue well, it could prove fatal tothe Party, and even cause the collapse of the Partyand the fall of the state.

— Leading officials at all levels, especially high-ranking officials, must readily observe the code ofconduct on clean governance and report allimportant matters. They should both exercise strictself-discipline and strengthen education andsupervision over their families and their staff; andthey should never seek any privilege.

Full Text of Resolution on CPC Central Committee Report

The following is the full text of Resolution ofthe Eighteenth National Congress of the

Communist Party of China on the Report of itsSeventeenth Central Committee adopted at the


Eighteenth National Congress of the CommunistParty of China on November 14, 2012:

The Eighteenth National Congress of theCommunist Party of China approved the reportdelivered by Comrade Hu Jintao on behalf of theParty’s Seventeenth Central Committee. Holdinghigh the great banner of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and following the guidance ofMarxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, DengXiaoping Theory, the important thought of ThreeRepresents and the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment, the report analyzes thedevelopments and changes in the internationaland domestic environments, reviews our work inthe past five years and the historic achievementswe have made in the course of our endeavors sincethe Sixteenth Party Congress, and establishes thehistorical position of the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment. The report sets forth the basicrequirements for winning new victory for socialismwith Chinese characteristics, and the goals ofcompleting the building of a moderately prosperoussociety in all respects and deepening reform andopening up in an all-around way. It lays out anoverall plan for advancing the cause of socialismwith Chinese characteristics in the new era, andsets forth explicit requirements for making Partybuilding more scientific in all respects. The reportalso draws up a grand blueprint for completingthe building of a moderately prosperous society inall respects and accelerating socialistmodernization and charts the course for makingcontinued progress in the cause of the Party andcountry. It is the crystallization of the wisdom ofthe whole Party and the people of all ethnic groupsin China. It is a political declaration and a programof action for the Party to rally and lead the peopleof all our ethnic groups in winning new victoryfor socialism with Chinese characteristics. Thereport is a guiding Marxist document.

The congress held that the underlying themeset forth in the report is of great importance to theParty leading the people in building on our past

success and carrying forward our cause withdetermination. The whole Party must hold highthe great banner of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, follow the guidance of DengXiaoping Theory, the important thought of ThreeRepresents and the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment, free up the mind, implement thepolicy of reform and opening up, pool our strength,overcome all difficulties, firmly march on the pathof socialism with Chinese characteristics, andstrive to complete the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects.

The congress stressed that at present, as theglobal, national and our Party’s conditionscontinue to undergo profound changes, we arefaced with unprecedented opportunities fordevelopment as well as risks and challengesunknown before. The whole Party must keep inmind the trust the people have placed in us andthe great expectation they have of us. We mustaim higher and work harder and continue topursue development in a scientific way, promotesocial harmony, and improve the people’s lives soas to complete the glorious and arduous tasksbestowed on us by the times.

The congress applauded the work of theSeventeenth Central Committee. Over the past fiveyears since the Seventeenth Party Congress, wehave marched boldly on the path of socialism withChinese characteristics, overcome numerousdifficulties and risks, achieved new success inbuilding a moderately prosperous society in allrespects, and made new and major achievementsin all fields of our work.

The congress endorsed the Seventeenth CentralCommittee’s basic review of our endeavors overthe past ten years since the Sixteenth NationalCongress. It held that we have firmly seized andmade the most of the important period of strategicopportunities for China’s development,successfully met major challenges, and broughtsocialism with Chinese characteristics to a newstage of development. It also held that we have


consolidated and developed the cause of reformand opening up and socialist modernization andraised China’s international standing, and that allthis shows the superiority and vitality of socialismwith Chinese characteristics and has enhanced thepride and cohesiveness of the Chinese people andnation.

The congress stressed that the most importantachievement in our endeavors in the past ten yearsis that we have developed the Scientific Outlookon Development and applied it by makingcourageous theoretical innovations on the basis ofpractice and developing closely interconnectednew ideas and viewpoints on upholding andbuilding socialism with Chinese characteristics. TheScientific Outlook on Development was created byintegrating Marxism with the reality ofcontemporary China and with the underlyingfeatures of our times, and it fully embodies theMarxist worldview on and methodology fordevelopment. This theory provides new scientificanswers to the major questions of what kind ofdevelopment China should achieve in a newenvironment and how the country should achieveit. It represents a new level of our understandingof the laws of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and reaches a new realm in thedevelopment of Marxism in contemporary China.The Scientific Outlook on Development is the latestachievement in developing the system of theoriesof socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it isthe crystallization of the collective wisdom of theCommunist Party of China and a powerfultheoretical weapon for guiding all the work of theParty and country. Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng XiaopingTheory and the important thought of ThreeRepresents, the Scientific Outlook on Developmentprovides the long-term theoretical guidance theParty must adhere to.

The congress pointed out that over the past 90-plus years, relying firmly on the people andadapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China’s

conditions and the underlying trend of the times,our Party has pursued its own courseindependently. The Party, enduring untoldhardships and sufferings and paying various costs,achieved great success in revolution, developmentand reform, and created and developed socialismwith Chinese characteristics, thus fundamentallychanging the future and destiny of the Chinesepeople and nation. The path of socialism withChinese characteristics, the system of theories ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics and thesocialist system with Chinese characteristics arethe fundamental accomplishments made by theParty and people in the course of arduous struggleover the past 90-plus years. We must cherish theseaccomplishments, uphold them all the time andcontinue to enrich them. To achieve new victoryfor socialism with Chinese characteristics undernew historical conditions, we must have a firmgrasp of the following basic requirements: We mustmaintain the people’s principal position in thecountry, continue to release and develop theproductive forces, persevere in reform and openingup, uphold social fairness and justice, strive forcommon prosperity, promote social harmony,pursue peaceful development and uphold theleadership of the Party.

The congress held that basing ourselves onChina’s actual economic and social development,we should work hard to meet the following newrequirements while working to fulfill the goal ofbuilding a moderately prosperous society in allrespects set forth at the Sixteenth and SeventeenthNational Congresses of the Party. They are: Theeconomy should maintain sustained and sounddevelopment; people’s democracy should beexpanded; the country’s cultural soft power shouldbe improved significantly; living standards shouldbe fully raised; and major progress should be madein building a resource-conserving andenvironmentally friendly society. To complete thebuilding of a moderately prosperous society in allrespects, we must, with greater political courage


and vision, lose no time in deepening reform inkey sectors and resolutely discard all notions andsystems that hinder efforts to pursue developmentin a scientific way. We should set up a well-developed, scientific, standardized and effectiveframework of systems and ensure that operatinginstitutions in all sectors are fully functioning.

The congress endorsed the plan made in thereport for promoting socialist economic, political,cultural, social, and ecological progress in China.The congress emphasized the need to speed up theimprovement of the socialist market economy andthe change of the growth model and makedevelopment based more on improved quality andperformance; and to fire all types of marketparticipants with new vigor for development,increase motivation for pursuing innovation-drivendevelopment, establish a new system fordeveloping modern industries, and create newfavorable conditions for developing the openeconomy. This will make economic developmentdriven more by domestic demand, especiallyconsumer demand, by a modern service industryand strategic emerging industries, by scientific andtechnological progress, by a workforce of higherquality and innovation in management, byresource conservation and a circular economy, andby coordinated and mutually reinforcing urban-rural development and development betweenregions. Taking these steps will enable us to sustainlong-term development and promote harmonizeddevelopment of industrialization, IT application,urbanization and agricultural modernization. Thecongress required us to keep to the socialist pathof making political advance with Chinesecharacteristics, promote reform of the politicalstructure and make people’s democracy moreextensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.We should ensure the unity of the leadership ofthe Party, the position of the people as masters ofthe country and law-based governance; and inorder to guarantee the fundamental position of thepeople as masters of the country and reach the

goal of enhancing the vitality of the Party andcountry and keeping the people fully motivated,we should expand socialist democracy, improvethe system of socialist consultative democracy,improve community-level democracy, acceleratethe building of a socialist country based on the ruleof law, establish a sound mechanism forconducting checks and oversight of the exercise ofpower, and thus advance socialist political progress.The congress stressed the need to make steadyprogress in developing a strong socialist culture inChina. We should keep to the goal of developingan advanced socialist culture, create a new surgein promoting socialist culture and bring about itsgreat development and enrichment, increaseChina’ s cultural soft power, and get culture toguide social trends, educate the people, servesociety, and boost development. The congressemphasized the need to strengthen socialdevelopment by improving the people’s wellbeingand making innovations in management. In orderto uphold the fundamental interests of theoverwhelming majority of the people with highpriority given to ensuring and improving thepeople’s wellbeing, we should improve the people’smaterial and cultural lives, bring as much benefitas possible to them, resolve as many difficulties aspossible for them, intensify efforts to improve thebasic public service system, strengthen and makeinnovations in social management, and boost thebuilding of a harmonious socialist society. Thecongress called for making great efforts to promoteecological progress. We should raise our ecologicalawareness of the need to respect, accommodate toand protect nature, incorporate ecological progressinto all aspects and the whole process of advancingeconomic, political, cultural, and social progress,intensify protection of the ecosystem and theenvironment, work hard to build a beautifulcountry, and achieve lasting and sustainabledevelopment of the Chinese nation. The congressemphasized the importance of responding toChina’s core security needs, following the three-


step development strategy for modernizingnational defense and the armed forces, intensifyingefforts to accomplish the dual historic tasks ofmilitary mechanization and full IT application andbuilding strong national defense and powerfularmed forces that are commensurate with China’sinternational standing and meet the needs of itssecurity and development interests.

The congress highlighted the need to fully andfaithfully implement the principle of “one country,two systems,” under which the people of HongKong govern Hong Kong and the people of Macaogovern Macao and both regions enjoy a highdegree of autonomy. We must both adhere to theone-China principle and respect the differences ofthe two systems, both uphold the power of thecentral government and ensure a high degree ofautonomy in the Hong Kong and Macao specialadministrative regions, and both give play to therole of the mainland as the staunch supporter ofHong Kong and Macao and increase thecompetitiveness of the two regions. We must adhereto the principle of “peaceful reunification and onecountry, two systems,” consolidate and strengthenthe political, economic, cultural and socialfoundation for the peaceful growth of the relationsbetween the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, opena new horizon in advancing the peaceful growthof these relations, and work with our compatriotsin Taiwan to safeguard and build the commonhome of the Chinese nation, so as to create evenbetter conditions for achieving peacefulreunification.

The congress endorsed the report’s analysis ofthe international situation and the guidingprinciples it sets forth for China’s diplomacy. Thecongress stressed that China will continue to holdhigh the banner of peace, development, cooperationand mutual benefit, firmly pursue an independentforeign policy of peace, unswervingly stay on thepath of peaceful development, and unwaveringlyfollow a win-win strategy of opening up. We shouldbe firm in our resolve to uphold China’s

sovereignty, security and development interests,and stay committed to growing friendship andcooperation in all fields with other countries onthe basis of the Five Principles of PeacefulCoexistence. We should work to build aharmonious world of enduring peace and commonprosperity, and are ready to work with the peopleof other countries to unremittingly promote thenoble cause of peace and development formankind.

The congress stressed that, facing the newdevelopments, the progress in our cause and theexpectation the people have of us, we shouldcomprehensively carry out the great newundertaking of Party building in an innovative andreform-driven way and make Party building morescientific in all respects. All Party members mustheighten their sense of urgency and sense ofresponsibility and focus on strengthening theParty’s governance capacity, advanced nature andpurity. We must put people first and exercisegovernance for the people. We should continue tofree up our minds, carry out reform andinnovation, and uphold the principle that the Partyshould supervise its own conduct and run itselfwith strict discipline. We should make all-aroundefforts to strengthen the Party theoretically andorganizationally, improve its conduct, fightcorruption, uphold Party integrity and improveParty rules and regulations. We should enhanceour capacity for self-purity, self-improvement, self-development and self-innovation and build theParty into a learning, service-oriented andinnovative Marxist governing party. By taking thesesteps, we can ensure that the Party is always thefirm leadership core guiding the cause of socialismwith Chinese characteristics.

The congress underscored that combatingcorruption and promoting political integrity is aclear-cut and long-term political commitment ofthe Party and a major political issue of greatconcern to the people. We must make unremittingefforts to combat corruption, promote integrity


and stay vigilant against degeneration. We shouldpursue a distinctive Chinese approach tocombating corruption and promoting integrity. Weshould persist in combating corruption in anintegrated way, addressing both its symptoms androot causes, and combining punishment andprevention, with emphasis on the latter. We shouldadvance in an all-around way the establishmentof a system of combating corruption through bothpunishment and prevention and see to it thatofficials are honest, the government is clean, andpolitical integrity is upheld.

The congress emphasized that centralizedleadership of the Party is the source of its strengthand a fundamental guarantee for China’seconomic and social development, ethnic unity andprogress, and enduring peace and stability. Themore complexities the Party faces and the morearduous the tasks it undertakes, the moreimperative it is for the Party to strengthen itsdiscipline and uphold its centralized leadership.This will enable the whole Party from theleadership to the ranks to advance in unison as agreat force.

The congress stressed that to live up to the

people’s trust in and expectation of us and standnew tests under new historical conditions, thewhole Party must be keenly aware of potentialdangers, be modest and prudent, guard againstarrogance and impetuosity, and remain clear-headed. We must be innovative in our thinking,uphold truth and correct mistakes, and alwaysmaintain energy and drive. We must follow theguidance of the fundamental purpose of the Party,trust and rely on the people, and always put themabove everything else. We must heighten our senseof mission, be realistic and pragmatic, defydifficulties and work hard, and preserve thepolitical integrity of Communists.

The congress called on all Party members andthe people of all ethnic groups in China to holdhigh the great banner of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, rally more closely around the PartyCentral Committee, strive to complete the buildingof a moderately prosperous society in all respects,continue to win new victory for socialism withChinese characteristics, and make joint efforts tocreate an even brighter future for the Chinesepeople and nation.

Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping Meet Delegates to18th CPC National Congress

Hu and Xi greeted the delegates, who in turnextended their sincere greetings to them and otherleaders.

Hu and Xi gave important speeches, whichboth received lasting applauds.

Hu said that thanks to the joint efforts of allthe delegates, the 18th CPC National Congress washeld smoothly and successfully. It was a meetingat which the banners were held high, a meetingfor carrying on the past and opening a newchapter, a meeting of unity and enterprising spirit.

Hu said studying and implementing the spirit

of the Party congress is the top political task atpresent.

Hu called on all Party members, the militaryforces and Chinese people of various ethnic groupsto follow the lead of the CPC Central Committeewith Xi Jinping as the general secretary, firmlypursue the path of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, free up the mind, carry out reformand opening up, pool strength, overcome alldifficulties, strive for the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects and achieve newvictories for socialism with Chinese characteristics.


Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin,Li Changchun, He Guoqiang, Zhou Yongkang, Li Keqiang,Zhang Dejiang, Yu Zhengsheng, Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishanand Zhang Gaoli had group pictures taken with over 2,600delegates, specially invited delegates and observers to theparty congress at the Great Hall of the People in centralBeijing.

Xi Jinping said that the CPC leadership with Hu Jintao as theGeneral Secretary, rallying Chinese people of all ethnicgroups, has made significant achievements that attract atten-tion of the world.

The victories belongs to our great Party, ourgreat motherland and our great people, Hu said.

Xi said that for continuously advancing theParty and the people’s cause, Hu Jintao, WuBangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun,He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang have taken thelead to retire from leading posts of the CPC CentralCommittee, exhibiting their nobility of characters.

“We have high respect for them,” said Xi.Xi said that what Hu had said is forceful,

affectionate and inspires people to advance boldly.“We will bear in mind what Hu has entrusted

us, conscientiously study, publicize and implementthe spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress,” saidXi, calling for solidarity and hard work in strivingfor a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

Xi Leads Top Leadership, Meeting Press

Beijing, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) — Xi Jinping, generalsecretary of the Central Committee of theCommunist Party of China (CPC), led the othernewly-elected members of the Standing Committeeof the 18th CPC Central Committee PoliticalBureau to meet the press Thursday morning at theGreat Hall of the People.

“I am very glad to meet friends from the newsmedia here today,” Xi said, citing that the 18thCPC National Congress “came to a successfulconclusion.”

“During the past several days, you haveextensively covered the congress and let the worldhear China’s voice. On behalf of the secretariat ofthe congress, I wish to express our sincere thanksto you for your professionalism, dedication andhard work,” Xi said.

“We have just held the first plenary session ofthe 18th Central Committee of the CommunistParty of China and elected a new centralleadership,” Xi said.

“I was elected general secretary of the Party


General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Xi Jinping (C) and the other newly-elected members of the Standing Committee of the 18th CPC Central Committee Political Bureau Li Keqiang (3rd R), ZhangDejiang (3rd L), Yu Zhengsheng (2nd R), Liu Yunshan (2nd L), Wang Qishan (1st R), Zhang Gaoli (1st L) meet with journalistsat the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 15, 2012. (Xinhua/Xie Huanchi)

Central Committee by the plenary session. I wishto introduce to you the other six newly electedmembers of the Standing Committee of the PoliticalBureau,” he said.

“They are: Comrade Li Keqiang, ComradeZhang Dejiang, Comrade Yu Zhengsheng,Comrade Liu Yunshan, Comrade Wang Qishan,and Comrade Zhang Gaoli. Comrade Li Keqiangwas a member of the Standing Committee of thePolitical Bureau of the 17th Party CentralCommittee, and all the others were members ofthe Political Bureau of the 17th Party CentralCommittee. I believe their names are familiar toyou,” Xi said.

“On behalf of the members of the newly electedcentral leadership, I wish to express our heartfeltthanks to all other members of the Party for thegreat trust they have placed in us. We will striveto be worthy of their trust and fulfill our mission,”Xi said.

“We are greatly encouraged by both the trustall the comrades of the Party have placed in us

and the great expectation the people of all ethnicgroups in China have of us, and we are keenlyaware that this is also an important responsibilityfor us,” he said.

“We have taken on this importantresponsibility for our nation. Ours is a great nation.Throughout more than five thousand years ofevolution as a civilization, the Chinese nation hasmade indelible contribution to the progress ofhuman civilization,” he said.

In modern times, however, China endureduntold hardships and sufferings, and its verysurvival hung in the balance. Countless Chinesepatriots rose up one after another and fought forthe renewal of the Chinese nation, but all endedin failure, Xi said.

Since its founding, the Communist Party ofChina has made great sacrifices and forged aheadagainst all odds. It has rallied and led the Chinesepeople in transforming the poor and backward oldChina into an increasingly prosperous andpowerful new China, thus opening a completely


new horizon for the great renewal of the Chinesenation, he said.

“Our responsibility now is to rally and leadthe entire Party and the people of all ethnic groupsin China in taking over the relay baton passed onto us by history, and in making continued effortsto achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation,make the Chinese nation stand rock-firm in thefamily of nations, and make even greatercontribution to mankind,” Xi said.

“We have taken on this importantresponsibility for the people. Our people are a greatpeople. During the long course of history, theChinese people have, working with diligence,bravery and wisdom, created a beautiful homelandwhere all ethnic groups live in harmony, anddeveloped a great and dynamic culture,” he said.

“Our people have an ardent love for life. Theywish to have better education, more stable jobs,more income, greater social security, better medicaland health care, improved housing conditions, anda better environment,” Xi said.

“They want their children to have soundgrowth, have good jobs and lead a more enjoyablelife. To meet their desire for a happy life is ourmission. It is only hard work that creates allhappiness in the world,” he said.

“To fulfill our responsibility, we will rally andlead the whole Party and the people of all ethnicgroups in China in making continued efforts tofree up our minds, carry out reform and openingup, further release and develop the productive forces,work hard to resolve the difficulties the people facein both work and life, and unwaveringly pursuecommon prosperity,” Xi said.

“We have taken on this importantresponsibility for the Party. Our Party is dedicatedto serving the people. It has led the people inmaking world-renowned achievements, and wehave every reason to take pride in theseachievements,” Xi said.

“But we are not complacent, and we will neverrest on our laurels. Under the new conditions, our

Party faces many severe challenges, and there arealso many pressing problems within the Party thatneed to be resolved, particularly corruption, beingdivorced from the people, going through formalitiesand bureaucratism caused by some Party officials,”Xi said.

“We must make every effort to solve theseproblems. The whole Party must stay on full alert,”Xi said.

“To address these problems, we must first ofall conduct ourselves honorably. Our responsibilityis to work with all the comrades in the Party touphold the principle that the Party shouldsupervise its own conduct and run itself with strictdiscipline, effectively solve major problems in theParty, improve our conduct, and maintain closeties with the people,” he said.

“By doing so, we will ensure that our Partywill remain at the core of leadership in advancingthe cause of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics,” Xi said.8 “It is the people whohave created history, and it is the people who aretrue heroes. The people are the source of ourstrength,” Xi said.

“We are well aware that the capability of oneindividual is limited. But when we are united asone, we will create an awesome power and wecan certainly overcome all difficulties,” Xi said.

“One can only work for a limited period of time,but there is no limit to serving the people withdedication. Our responsibility is weightier than MountTai, and our road ahead is a long one,” he said.

“We must always be of the same mind withthe people and share the same destiny with them,and we must work together with them anddiligently for the public good so as to live up to theexpectations of both history and the people,” Xisaid.

“Just as China needs to learn more about theworld, so does the world need to learn more aboutChina,” Xi said, hoping that the press continueefforts to deepen mutual understanding betweenChina and the world.


Scientific Outlook on Development BecomesCPC’s Theoretical Guidance

Beijing, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) — The CommunistParty of China (CPC) on Thursday moved to liftthe status of the Scientific Outlook on Developmentinto a position like the Deng Xiaoping Theory asthe theoretical guidance for the Party, orderingmore than 82 million Party members to adhere toit for a long time.

In his report to the 18th CPC NationalCongress that opened Thursday, Chinese leaderHu Jintao said the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment is the most important achievementthe CPC made in the past decade.

“Together with Marxism-Leninism, MaoZedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and theimportant thought of Three Represents, theScientific Outlook on Development is the theoreticalguidance the Party must adhere to for a long time,”Hu told about 2,300 delegates at the opening ofthe congress.

Over the past ten years, China has advancedto the world’s second-largest economy from thesixth place in the world. Its productive forces andeconomic, scientific and technological strengthhave increased considerably. Its overall nationalstrength and international competitiveness andinfluence have also been enhanced substantially.

Hu said these historic successes are attributableto the correct guidance of the Party’s basic theory,line, program and experience.

Since its founding in 1921, the CPC has alwaysbeen keen to come up with theoretical innovationsto guide Party members in resolving practical keyproblems according to the latest changes inside theParty and the country.

The Scientific Outlook on Development wasproposed by the 16th CPC Central Committee in2003, against the backdrop of rapid economicgrowth and a series of problems includingexcessive consumption of resources, serious

environmental pollution and a widening gapbetween the rich and poor.

The concept has championed people’s interestsand advocated comprehensive, coordinated andsustainable development. At the Party’s 17thNational Congress held in 2007, the ScientificOutlook on Development was first written into theCPC Constitution.

The Scientific Outlook on Development wascreated by integrating Marxism with the reality ofcontemporary China and with the underlyingfeatures of our times, and it fully embodies theMarxist worldview on and methodology fordevelopment, he said.

“This theory provides new scientific answersto the major questions of what kind ofdevelopment China should achieve in a newenvironment and how the country should achieveit,” Hu said.

The Scientific Outlook on Development is thecrystallization of the collective wisdom of theCommunist Party of China and a “powerfultheoretical weapon” for guiding all the work ofthe Party and country, Hu said.

He noted there is still “much room forimprovement in our work” and there are “a lot ofdifficulties and problems on our road ahead”,saying the unbalanced, uncoordinated andunsustainable development “remains a bigproblem.”

“As we advance toward the future, thoroughlyapplying the Scientific Outlook on Developmentis of major immediate significance and far-reachinghistorical significance for upholding anddeveloping socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must apply it throughout the course ofmodernization and to every aspect of Partybuilding,” he said.


In applying the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment, the whole Party must morepurposefully make promoting economic and socialdevelopment the top priority, take putting peoplefirst as the core requirement, make pursuingcomprehensive, balanced and sustainabledevelopment the basic requirement and take theholistic approach as the fundamental way.

Hu said the salient features of the ScientificOutlook on Development are freeing up the mind,seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the timesand being realistic and pragmatic.

He called on the whole Party to boldly engagein practice and make changes and innovations,respond to the call of the times, follow theaspirations of the people, ensure that the Party isalways full of vigor and that China always hasthe driving force for development to open a brightfuture for developing socialism with Chinesecharacteristics through the creative practices of theParty and the people.

Hu Angang, a prominent economist withTsinghua University, said the Scientific Outlookon Development, originated in China, is a classicsummarization of the “China Path” in the newperiod.

“It will be a theme we have to follow and afundamental principle that guides various of fieldsfor quite a long time,” Hu Angang, also a delegateto the CPC national congress, told Xinhua in aninterview on the sidelines of the congress.

“We should not only unswervingly adhere tothe Scientific Outlook on Development, but furtherenrich and interpret the theory according to futurepractices,” the economist said.

The professor expected the scientificdevelopment theory would further evolve byhighlighting innovations and promotingdevelopment that would be environment-friendly,coordinated, inclusive for 1.3 billion people andboost win-win relations with other countries.

China Never to Copy Western Political Systemby Meng Na and Mou Xu

Beijing, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) — Anyone trying tokeep track of the development of China’s politicalsystem must have got an unequivocal answer atthe 18th National Congress of the Communist Partyof China (CPC).

Hu Jintao solemnly declared in his report atthe opening of the congress that “we will nevercopy a Western political system.”

“We should place high importance on systemicbuilding, give full play to the strength of thesocialist political system and draw on the politicalachievements of other societies,” Hu said in thereport.

He pointed out that the reform of the politicalstructure is an important part of China’s overallreform. The CPC must continue to make both

active and prudent efforts to carry out reform ofthe political structure, and make people’sdemocracy more extensive, fuller in scope andsounder in practice.

In the report, Hu elaborated on the importanceof “keeping to the socialist path of making politicaladvance with Chinese characteristics” and saidthat the CPC will promote reform of the politicalstructure in seven respects:

— support and ensure the exercise of statepower by the people through people’s congresses;

— improve the system of socialist consultativedemocracy;

— improve community-level democracy;— promote law-based governance of the

country in an all-around way;


— deepen reform of the administrative system;— establish a sound mechanism for conducting

checks and oversight over the exercise of power;— consolidate and develop the broadest

possible patriotic united front.Liu Xuejun, a professor with the Party School

of the CPC Central Committee, said the multiplearrangements clearly show that the CPC highlightsand upholds the principal status of the people’sdemocracy in political realm.

Since China initiated reform and opening up,it has made continuous progress in democracy.

In southwest China’s Guizhou Province, theCPC committee and village committee of XinshiVillage spend three days every month consultingwith local residents over village affairs. It wasthrough consultation that the village decided tobuild more roads and determine the amount ofcompensation to be paid for land.

In Yuanbao Village in the northeasternprovince of Heilongjiang, the CPC committee hasa morning meeting every day to address people’scomplaints and demands. Depending onimportance, all village affairs have to be decidedin meetings of the CPC committee, CPC membersand villager representatives, or through a biggathering of all villagers.

Zhi Fen, delegate to the 18th CPC NationalCongress and also secretary of the CPC committeeof Gaobeidian Village in Beijing, won the secretarypost in a direct election by grabbing all 316 votes.

On the sidelines of the congress, Zhi toldXinhua, “I was thrilled to tears at the time (whenbeing elected). Their ballots were affirmation of mywork and brought me greater sense of duty andpressure.”

Zhi said it’s essential in obtaining people’s trustand support at the grassroots. It requires Zhi andher colleagues to be impartial in obeying rules, putpeople’s interests first, and consult with people onimportant matters in resident representative orCPC member meetings.

Dai Yanjun, a professor with the Party School

of the CPC Central Committee, told Xinhua thatdemocratic consultation will be the inevitable wayfor various parties of interests to find commonground as the development of the socialist marketeconomy is bringing about a society of increasinglydiverse aspirations.

Wang Huan, another congress delegate fromBeijing, was impressed by the section of improvingthe system of socialist consultative democracy inHu’s report.

Wang, also a member of the Beijing municipalcommittee of the Chinese People’s PoliticalConsultative Conference (CPPCC), said socialistconsultative democracy is an important form ofpeople’s democracy in the country. The report givesa clear roadmap on how to improve the system ofsocialist consultative democracy.

“The report makes clear that politicalconsultation must be incorporated into decision-making. This requirement will reinforce theeffectiveness of democratic consultation and helptake in more advice from different sectors of thesociety. All of this bears testimony to the vitality ofsocialist democracy,” said Wang.

Xie Chuntao, a history professor with the CPCCentral Committee Party School, said themomentum of democracy in China is unstoppablebut must proceed with emphasis on stability andorder.

Li Junru, former vice president of the CPCCentral Committee Party School and a member ofthe CPPCC National Committee, held that thecombination of electoral democracy andconsultative democracy is a significant feature ofthe democratic development in the country overthe past decade.

Democracy is always pursued within the CPC.As of July this year, the leadership reshuffle ofParty committees at the provincial, city, county,and village levels had been completed. Promotingdemocracy and ensuring Party members’ rightshave featured the process of the reshuffle.

In April 2011, the secretaries of CPC


committees of Wuxi, Nantong and Suqian cities ofJiangsu Province were elected through multi-candidate competitive elections.

Electoral democracy is recognized in theelectoral system of lawmakers, or deputies topeople’s congresses, as well.

In March 2010, the National People’s Congress(NPC), China’s parliament, adopted anamendment to the Electoral Law with landslidevotes, which grants equal representation inlegislative bodies to rural and urban people.

It requires “both rural and urban areas adoptthe same ratio of deputies to the representedpopulation in elections of people’s congressdeputies.”

In Hu’s report to the CPC congress, He stressedthe rule of law, saying that no organization orindividual has the privilege of overstepping theConstitution and laws, and no one in a position ofpower is allowed in any way to take one’s ownwords as the law, place one’s own authority abovethe law or abuse the law.

He also asked the CPC to tighten intra-Party,democratic and legal oversight as well as oversightthrough public opinion to ensure that the peopleoversee the exercise of power and that power isexercised in a transparent manner.

“Intra-Party democracy is the life of the Party.We should adhere to democratic centralism,

improve institutions for intra-Party democracy,and promote people’s democracy with intra-Partydemocracy,” Hu said.

For China’s late leader Deng Xiaoping, thereare three important criteria for judging thesoundness of a country’s political system orstructure and of its policies.

First, whether the country is politically stable;second, whether the system and policies help tostrengthen unity among the people and to raisetheir living standards; and third, whether theproductive forces keep developing.

The path of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, the system of theories of socialismwith Chinese characteristics and the socialistsystem with Chinese characteristics are thefundamental accomplishments made by the Partyand people in the course of arduous struggle overthe past 90-plus years. These accomplishmentsshould be upheld all the time and enrichedcontinuously, Li Junru said.

China should draw on the politicalachievements of other societies during the processof promoting reform of the political structure, butit will never copy a Western political system, Lisaid.

(Zhao Renwei and Cai Min contributed to the report.)

CPC Pledges Unremitting Efforts to Combat Corruption

Beijing, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) — Hu Jintao onThursday said the Communist Party of China(CPC) must make unremitting efforts to combatcorruption, promote integrity and stay vigilantagainst degeneration.

Hu said combating corruption and promotingpolitical integrity, which is a major political issueof great concern to the people, is a clear-cut andlong-term political commitment of the Party.

“If we fail to handle this issue well, it couldprove fatal to the Party, and even cause the collapseof the Party and the fall of the state,” Hu warnedin a keynote report at the opening of the 18th CPCNational Congress.

Hu said the CPC must maintain a toughposition in cracking down on corruption at alltimes, conduct thorough investigations into majorcorruption cases and work hard to resolve


problems of corruption that directly affect thepeople.

“All those who violate Party discipline and statelaws, whoever they are and whatever power orofficial positions they have, must be brought tojustice without mercy,” he said.

He asked leading officials of the Party toexercise strict self-discipline and strengthensupervision over their families and staff.

“Leading officials at all levels, especially high-ranking officials, must readily observe the code ofconduct on clean governance and report allimportant matters,” Hu said.

Hu also emphasized centralized leadership ofthe CPC, saying that no one is allowed to placeoneself above the Party organization.

Centralized leadership of the Party is the sourceof its strength and a fundamental guarantee forChina’ s economic and social development, ethnicunity and progress, and enduring peace andstability, Hu said.

Party organizations at all levels and all Partymembers and officials, particularly principalleading officials, must willingly abide by the PartyConstitution as well as its organizational principlesand guiding principles for its political activities.

All Party organizations and members mustresolutely uphold the authority of the CentralCommittee and maintain a high degree of unitywith it theoretically, politically and in action, Husaid.

China Committed to Peaceful Development

Beijing, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) — Hu Jintao saidThursday that China will unswervingly follow thepath of peaceful development and firmly pursuean independent foreign policy of peace.

“China will continue to hold high the bannerof peace, development, cooperation and mutualbenefit and strive to uphold world peace andpromote common development,” Hu said in akeynote report at the opening of the 18th NationalCongress of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

China calls for promoting equality, mutualtrust, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutuallybeneficial cooperation in international relationsand making joint efforts to uphold internationalfairness and justice, he said.

Hu said China is firm in its resolve to upholdChina’s sovereignty, security and developmentinterests and will never yield to any outsidepressure.

China will decide its position and policy on anissue on its own merits and work to uphold

fairness and justice, he said.“China is committed to peaceful settlement of

international disputes and hotspot issues, opposesthe wanton use of force or threat to use it, opposesany foreign attempt to subvert the legitimategovernment of any other countries, and opposesterrorism in all its manifestations,” Hu told morethan 2,200 delegates in the Great Hall of the People.

China opposes hegemonism and power politicsin all their forms and will never seek hegemony orengage in expansion, he said.

Hu said peace and development remain theunderlying trends of the times. But there are signsof increasing hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism, and local turmoil keeps croppingup.

Global issues such as food security, energy andresource security and cyber security are becomingmore acute, he said.

China will unwaveringly follow a win-winstrategy of opening up and promote robust,


sustainable and balanced growth of the globaleconomy through increased cooperation.

China will improve and grow relations withdeveloped countries and strive to establish a newtype of relations of long-term stability and soundgrowth with other major countries, Hu said.

The country will continue to promotefriendship and partnership with its neighbors and

ensure that China’s development will bring morebenefits them, he said.

China will also increase unity and cooperationwith other developing countries, work with themto uphold the legitimate rights and interests ofdeveloping countries and support efforts toincrease their representation and voice ininternational affairs, he said.

International Community Lauds CPC’s Vision of BuildingWell-off, Beautiful China

Beijing, Nov. 13 (Xinhua) — The grand visionof building a well-off society and “a beautifulChina” proposed by the Communist Party ofChina (CPC) has drawn wide applause from theinternational community.

Commenting on General Secretary Hu Jintao’skeynote report at the opening of the 18th NationalCongress of the CPC, which depicts the vision andmission, Donald Lewis, a research fellow atStanford Law School, noted that China hasadopted a new, future-oriented economicdevelopment model.

The model stems from the scientific outlook ondevelopment and highlights green economy andsustainable development, he told Xinhua in arecent written interview.

“No other developing country has formulatedsuch a bold vision for the future and, ifaccomplished, China will join the ranks of theworld’s leading developed countries, alongside theU.S. and Europe,” he added.

Kenyan economist Gerishon Ikiara, a formerpermanent secretary at Kenya’s Ministry ofTransport, said that among all the topics at thecongress, he is most interested in the scientificoutlook on development.

The scientific outlook on development placespeople’s interests at the core of decision-making,and requires practical approaches to developmentproblems, he said, adding that the theory has alsoprovided space for innovation.

Indonesia’s International Daily News said inan editorial on Monday that Hu’s keynote reportemphasizes the scientific outlook on development,which, in terms of nation-building goals, demandsthe build-up both of a well-off society and of a“beautiful China.”

The report attaches great importance toecological conservancy, which reflects thephilosophy of respecting, following and preservingthe nature, the article said.

Golden Phoenix, a Myanmar-based Chineselanguage newspaper, said in an editorial onMonday that practice has demonstrated that thepath of socialism with Chinese characteristics isthe only right way for China to seek developmentand progress.

It has also been proven true that the path ofscientific development is the only route to realizethe great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, itadded.


China’s 2020 Blueprint to Ripple through Worldby Cheng Yunjie and Wang Zichen

After the Communist Party of China (CPC)fleshed out the national goal of building amoderately prosperous society, questions of howthe country will fare in 2020 and the impact onthe world are very intriguing.

Optimists envisage higher productivity andefficiency and broader democracy. Pessimists warnof domestic social ills which might take a serioustoll on the world’s second largest economy. Others,with reserved confidence, stay skeptical.

Whatever kind of development trajectoryChina takes during the coming eight years, theongoing national congress of the Party, with a newleadership to be installed next week, is anoteworthy event for its potential to change Chinaand the world.

POTENTIAL & BENEFITS

With the country’s urbanization rate slightlyexceeding 50 percent in 2011 compared with 39.1percent in 2002, Chinese cities will see a constantinflux of rural migrants in the next decade. Thiswill generate demand for infrastructure and publicutilities.

China’s growing appetite for energy and rawmaterials is expected to give a kick to the world’ssluggish bulk commodity market. Currently, Chinais the world’s biggest consumer of aluminum,cooper, iron ore and cotton.

Ungad Chadda, senior vice president ofToronto Stock Exchange, a world leader in miningand energy financing, takes China’s 2020 blueprintas good news and is fascinated at the buildup ofinfrastructure under Chinese leaders.

Other market-moving elements relating toChina’s 2020 goal, Chadda said, include theemerging middle class and Chinese people’sgrowing consumption power.

Morgan Stanley China has projected a golden

decade for China’s consumption. By 2020, thecountry’s total retail sales will be equivalent to two-thirds of that of the United States and will accountup 12 percent of the world’s aggregate, it said.

For many Chinese people, the global market isno longer a vague concept.

Ge Haoxin, a delegate to the Party congressfrom Fuyang City in east China’s Anhui Province,believes that his seed-breeding business cancontribute to the stabilization of the world farmproduce market.

Following bumper harvests for eightconsecutive years, China has witnessed an unusualspike in grain imports this year, triggering marketspeculation on its growing dependence on theworld market.

From January to September, China’s cerealimports (rice, wheat, corn and barley) more thandoubled to 11.43 million tonnes, adding the totalvolume of farm produce imports to 83.6 billion U.S.dollars, up 24.5 percent from the same period lastyear.

The deficit in China’s farm produce trade roseto 38.26 billion U.S. dollars in the nine months, up61.9 percent year on year, according to statisticsfrom the Ministry of Agriculture.

Restricted by its growing population andlimited arable land resources, China must increaseagricultural input to meet rising grain cropdemand,industrial analysts say.

China is at a disadvantage compared to othermajor grain producers, such as Australia, Americaand Brazil, in terms of per capita arable land andwater resources, Ge said.

“If the Party honors its commitment tonurture agriculture with industrial proceeds andfacilitate innovation on farming technologies, Ithink we can contribute more to domestic grainsupply and the stability of the world farm


produce market,” said Ge.

AMBITION & CHALLENGES

The CPC has no intention of checking thecountry’s economic ambitions. It will continue toview economic development as a major job.

At the previous Party congress in 2007, thetarget of quadrupling the per capita GDP of theyear 2000 by 2020 was set. At the ongoingcongress, the Party announced that it aims todouble the 2010 GDP and per capita income forboth urban and rural residents by 2020.

Delegate Zhang Yuyan, chief of the Instituteof World Economics and Politics under the ChineseAcademy of Social Sciences, said the 2020blueprint shows the Party’s down-to-earth spiritand principle of doing its own job well.

Managing to improve people’s living standardswhen China’s productivity is low is a test facingthe Party, he said.

China ranked 77th out of 213 economies in2011 with a per capita gross national income of4,940 U.S. dollars, according to World Bank data.The global average was 9,491 U.S. dollars last year.

Over the past 30 years, China has reduced itspoor population from 250 million to 26.88 million,becoming the first country to fulfill the UnitedNation’s millennium goal of cutting the destitutepopulation by half.

Last year, the Chinese government raised thecountry’s poverty threshold to 2,300 yuan, whichincreased the country’s poor population to 100million.

“I see no chance for China to be a challengerof the global order after 2020. But with risingnational strength, it can be more extensivelyintegrated into the changing internationalcommunity. It can contribute more to the worldeconomy and boost the reform of existinginternational order to better protect the need ofemerging economies,” said Zhang.

If China succeeds in economic restructuring byrelying more on domestic consumption and

technological advancement, the rebalancing ofworld economy will be a less arduous task, he said.

With labor cost rising, China cannot rest on itspast glory as the world’s “manufacturing plant.”It should fuel its comparative advantages acrossthe global value chain through higher productivity.

Higher productivity and efficiency can alsocheck China’s energy and resources consumption,easing the pressure on environment left by anexpanding world economy, Zhang said.

By 2020, the country’s carbon dioxide emissionper unit of gross domestic product will drop by 40percent to 50 percent from the 2005 level.

“From the blueprint outlined in the reportdelivered by Hu Jintao at the congress, people cansee the perseverance of the CPC in pressing aheadwith reforms to achieve the goal,” said Zhang.

William Ratliff, a fellow at StanfordUniversity’s Hoover Institution, said China’sincoming leadership needs to recall DengXiaoping’s pragmatism to clarify conditions todaythat even Deng could not have fully imagined.They must also dictate new reforms to deal withthose conditions.

He said that would mean a broad restructuringof China’s political and economic ideas andinstitutions. It will need to liberate people’s mindsto innovate, and expand options for policiesdealing with whatever proves to be the domesticand global challenges of the future.

If commands from the Party leaders decreaseand a broader cross-section of individuals andgroups are consulted in analyzing, formulating andimplementing policies, those challenges will be metmore productively, he said.

China watcher Robert Kuhn from the UnitedStates said China must stage sustainable reformacross a abroad spectrum. Too rapid reform willcause disruption, he said.

“Times of great change can be very unsettlingand no one in China or the world would benefitfrom the country returning to chaos,” said WilliamRatliff.


He said domestic liberation and increasinglyconstructive involvement in global political andeconomic affairs will enhance China’s relationswith the world.

What may bring incoming Chinese leaderscredit from the world involves a demonstration ofsound environmental practices, the universality of

such essentially Confucian ideas as harmoniousexistence, group orientation, public-spiritednessand distributive justice, he noted.

(Liu Jie, Zhan Yijia, Cai Min and Xu Xiaoqingcontributed to the story.)

II. CHINA-INDIA RELATIONS

Indian Political Parties Congratulate the Convening of the18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

On the occasion of the opening of the 18thNational Congress of the Communist Party ofChina (CPC), Indian main political parties senttheir congratulations to the CPC and expressedgood wishes for further development of China-India relations.

The Communist Party of India (Marxist)(CPI(M)) indicated that the 18th Congress of theCPC was being held at a crucial stage of China’sendeavor in building a moderately prosperoussociety in an all-round manner while facing thechallenges of deepening reform and opening-upas well as accelerating the transformation ofeconomic development pattern. The CPI (M) wasconfident that the deliberations of this Congresswould facilitate the further growth andconsolidation of socialism in China whileupholding the banner of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. The continuing close fraternalrelations between the CPI (M) and the CPC wouldbe further strengthened, and the CPI (M) wouldmake more contributions to the friendship betweenthe two peoples.

The Communist Party of India (CPI) sent itswarm fraternal greetings to the leadership anddelegates of the 18th Congress of the CPC. TheCPI noted that the Chinese people in the last five

years had already registered tremendous progressin all areas through implementing scientific outlookon development aiming towards achieving socialharmony and balanced growth. The CPI had muchexpectation about the outcome of the 18thCongress of the CPC and was confident about thefuture progress and development of China. TheCPI would like to work jointly with the CPC tofurther strengthen the friendly relations betweenthe two countries and peoples as well as achievingworld peace, progress and socialist development.

The All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) extendedheartfelt congratulations and warm greetings tothis “historic Congress” of the CPC. The AIFBconcluded that the tremendous achievements inChina was due to the able leadership of the CPCwho led Chinese people to resolutely implementsocialism with Chinese Characteristics, as well asadopting basic principles to face new challengesof the contemporary world. The AIFB saluted thenew Central Committee and the new leadershipto be elected in this National Congress, believedthat under their leadership, the bilateral fraternalrelations between the people of China and Indiawould be further strengthened and the party-to-party relations between the CPC and the AIFBwould last forever.


The ruling Indian National Congress (INC) sentwarm fraternal greetings to the 18th NationalCongress of the CPC, indicated that as two mostpopulous nations in the world who are also closeneighbours, a friendly and harmoniousrelationship between China and India could makemajor contributions to peace and stability of theworld. The INC hoped that the China-Indiarelations would continue to improve and anyproblem would be settled in a friendly andharmonious manner.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (Indian People’sParty, BJP) congratulated the convening of the 18thNational Congress of the CPC, expressed its desireto maintain strong goodwill relations with China,appreciated the CPC’s steering of the people ofChina on the path of prosperity in the political,economic, social and cultural spheres, andcommented that now as China had been enjoyingglobal prestige and position in world affairs, theBJP was sure that the 18th National Congress ofCPC should further formulate strategic policies fornation building and push forward the economicand social development of China.

President Sharad Yadav of the Janata Dal(United) (JD(U)), who visited China recently alsosent his warm congratulations, saying that thisNational Congress meeting would be of greatimportance as while holding the banner of

socialism, it would formulate a strategic guidancefor deepening reforms as well as new undertakingof party building in an all-round manner. Whileholding the path of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, it would also promote scientificdevelopment to build a prosperous society. Hehimself had been very impressed during the visitto China to see the multi-cornered progress invarious fields, pointing out that the reformprocesses started by Chinese great leader Mr. DengXiaoping for the building of the socialism in thecountry had become a milestone for all thedeveloping nations. The leaders of India and Chinaduring the past two decades had been cooperatingin creating political and economic understandingfor mutual benefit which would augment peaceand prosperity between two countries. Heindicated that the Chinese revolution since its birthhad shown a new light and direction torevolutionary masses of the world, nowadays thesocialist path of China had been able tosuccessfully meet the challenges posed by domesticand international crises, the overall nationalstrength and living conditions of the people hadrisen by a large margin, and China had beenenjoying much bigger influence and higher prestigein the world. The JD(U) hoped all success for thisNational Congress and the prosperity of China.

Two Millennia StrongTo Focus on the 1962 Conflict is to Miss the Larger Picture

of China-India Relations

Issued in The Indian Express, October 27, 2012

by Deng Xijun, Chargé d’ Affaires of the Embassy of thePeople’s Republic of China in India

The brief border conflict between China andIndia, which happened 50 years ago in October1962, seems to be a hot topic again these days in

some media of the two countries. It is a better ideato review the history of China-India relations in abroader perspective. If we only focus on the conflict


of 1962, the whole picture of China-India relationswill be neglected. That is missing the woods forthe trees.

Relations between China and India date backto over two thousand years ago. It is a long andcomplicated relationship. But, in four sentences wecan capture the headlines: the two greatcivilisations interacted frequently in ancient times;they supported each other in modern times; theirrelations experienced ups and downs incontemporary era; and they are strategic andcooperative partners in the 21st century.

As two great ancient civilisations, China andIndia communicated with and learned from eachother throughout history. Economic and culturalexchanges between the two peoples can be tracedback to Qin (221—206BC) and Han (202BC—220AD) dynasties. The famous Indian epicsRamayana and Mahabharata contain numerousreferences to China. Buddhism acted as animportant bridge for ancient China-India contact.More than 1000 years ago, eminent Chinese monksXuan Zang (Hsuan Tsang) and Fa Xian (Fa Hsien)travelled to India for Buddhist scriptures, whilerenowned Indian monks Kumarajiva andBodhidharma spread Buddhist teachings in China.They greatly promoted cultural exchange andintegration .

China and India supported and sympathisedwith each other in the fight against colonial ruleand struggle for national independence andliberation. In 1937, the Indian National Congressissued a statement condemning the Japaneseinvasion of China. Doctor Dwarkanath Kotnistravelled all the way to China as a member of anIndian medical aid team and devoted his life tothe cause of the liberation of the Chinese people.India was the first non-socialist country to establishdiplomatic relations with New China. In the1950s£¬China-India relations developed smoothlyand “Hindi-Chini bhai bhai” became a popularsaying at that time. The two countries co-initiatedfamous Panchsheel, the Five Principles of Peaceful

Co-existence, which are still recognised as the basicprinciples of international relations.

After the conflict of 1962, the bilateral relationsreached a low point. Thanks to their joint efforts,China and India exchanged ambassadors againand restored trade and people-to-people exchangesin the mid-1970s. The two countries also enteredinto negotiations for a solution to the boundaryquestion. Then Indian Prime Minister RajivGandhi’s visit to China in 1988 made abreakthrough in bilateral relations. In the 1990s,high-level visits between the two countriesincreased, and cooperation in various fields madesteady progress. Two agreements were signed formaintenance of peace and tranquillity andconfidence- building measures in their borderareas. In 1998, India tried to justify its nuclear testswith so-called “threat from China”, which led toa temporary setback in China-India relations.Fortunately, top leaders of the two countrieshandled this with foresight and rationality, andbilateral relations went back on track shortly.

Entering into the 21st century, bilateralrelations have witnessed an all round and fastdevelopment. In 2005, China and India establisheda Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peaceand Prosperity. In the first decade of the newcentury, the bilateral trade volume increased nearly20 times. China is India’s largest trade partner, andIndia is China’s largest trade partner in South Asia.Closer exchanges and a stronger desire to learnfrom each other led to better understandingbetween the two peoples. China and Indiastrengthen their cooperation in the framework ofBRICS and G-20, which attracts worldwideattention. Special representatives on the boundaryquestion have reached a consensus on the politicalguiding principles and have started negotiationson the framework for a solution.

Looking back at the long history of China-Indiarelations, I think it is evident that the unpleasantexperience is only a drop in the ocean. As PremierWen Jiabao commented, the duration of time when


China and India enjoyed a friendly relationshipstretched 2,000 years, or 99.9 per cent of ourinteractions, and the conflict between our twocountries only lasted less than 0.1 per cent. Afamous Chinese poem flashed into my mind—onegeneration makes way for another, and what hasbeen and what will be become past and present.

As the successors and creators of history, we needto have a correct and comprehensiveunderstanding of history. Only in this way can weobtain enlightenment and courage from the past,bury the ghosts of wars and conflicts, and start anew chapter in China-India relations.

Shed Burden of the Dead Past to Move ForwardIssued in The Economic Times, November 17, 2012

by Deng Xijun, Chargé d’ Affaires of the Embassy of thePeople’s Republic of China in India

Besides China, which country in Asia or acrossthe world, has the biggest market for fast-movingconsumer goods? Only India. A study report ofBoston Consulting Group points out that, by 2020,the middle class of India will grow to 45% of itspopulation. From 2010 to 2020, the consumerexpenditures of China and India are expected toreach $64 trillion. Such huge market potentialdraws Chinese businessmen to India.

As two of the fastest-growing economies in thelast 10 years, China and India are expected to havemore robust trade and economic cooperation inthe future. China now is India’s largest tradingpartner. Indian companies such as Infosys andTatas have opened branches in China. Chinesecompanies such as Huawei, ZTE and ShanghaiElectric are carrying out projects and programmesin India. Every time I took the flight from Delhi toGuangzhou, I could see a large number of Indianfriends coming to China for business opportunities.However, compared with the huge marketpotential, the trade volume of around $70 billionand the mutual investment of less than $1 billionbetween China and India are just the tip of theiceberg.

India is planning to invest massively to developinfrastructure in next five years. The advanced

technology and good cost performance of Chinesecompanies will fit well. The Indian governmentrecently opened up the retail sector to foreignbrands. It will provide more opportunities forChinese businessmen. India’s experience infinancial, service and private sector is preciselywhat China needs to learn for economicrestructuring. In a word, China and India haveevery reason to explore each other’s market andincrease mutual investment. When the globaleconomy is slowing down and the US andEuropean markets shrinking, the growth forecastof China and India has also been trimmed. If wetwo countries could carry out win-win economiccooperation, it would extend our prime period ofdevelopment to an even longer one.

Undeniably, the current China-India relationscannot be termed “as intimate as brothers”. Thereis something between us. Maybe due to theunforgettable scars left by the 1962 conflict, a smallgroup of people always hype the potential conflictsand competition between China and India,describing our two countries as threats and rivals.This inevitably affects bilateral trade and economiccooperation. Actually, the common interestsbetween China and India far outweigh thedifferences. The overriding task of China and India


is economic development. How to raise the worldGDP per-capita ranking and how to improve theliving standards of 2.5 billion people are ourcommon challenges. On the way to this goal, Chinaand India need to learn from, and cooperate with,each other.

The world today is no longer what it was 50years ago, neither is China or India. When the

economies and fates of China and India areincreasingly bound together, our thoughts alsoneed to change with the times. We should saygoodbye to the shadow of the past and look at theChina-India relations in a new and comprehensiveway with a light heart. Only then can we join handsto move forward even faster and farther.

India, I am Coming…Issued in The Hindu, November 13, 2012

by Jackie Sun

After enrolling, registering and applying forpassport and visa, I am looking forward toboarding the flight from Beijing to New Delhi withother members of the 100-strong Chinese YouthDelegation to India. I can’t wait to start the probingtrip to that mysterious country.

According to my knowledge, India is acombination of ancient and modern. In “SlumdogMillionaire”, it is symbolized by Taj Mahal whichrepresents pure love. In “The World Is Flat: A BriefHistory of the 21st Century”, it is impressive dueto high-tech gardens in Bangalore. In social newsheadline, it is attractive because of theentrepreneur who spent billions of dollars for aluxurious villa. In tourists’ blog, it is peculiar aspeople could be seen hanging outside moving trainsdespite the danger of losing their lives. It has a longbeach line attracting tourists from around theworld, while its streets are teeming with peopleand animals, especially the sacred bull. It is famousfor the pungent aroma of curry and the fascinatingfragrance of red tea. If only I could set foot on thesoil of all-embracing India!

Most of my friends and colleagues haven’t hadthe chance to visit India. They learn from booksand media that India is a big neighbour of China.

It is a member of BRICS and enjoys similar rapideconomic growth with China.

It is famous for information technology, serviceand pharmaceutical industry and Bollywood films.Given the chance, they would like very much tovisit India. However, India is not a commondestination of Chinese tourists. Among more than70 million Chinese people going abroad every year,only tens of thousands would choose India as theirfirst destination. It is really precious to have theopportunity to experience India.

I search the internet for more information aboutIndia before my trip, wanting to know how Chinaand Chinese people look like in Indian people’seyes. I am amazed to find that most of the Indianpeople are friendly to China. The concept of“CHINDIA” is thoroughly interpreted by JairamRamesh in his book “Making sense of CHINDIA:Reflections on China and India”.

Indian media are paying a lot of attention toeconomic and social development of China,analysing China’s policy of reform and opening-up, and discussing what experiences could Indialearn from China’s road of development. China’sdevelopment is thought to be an opportunity toIndia. Unfortunately, I also notice certain prejudice


against China, especially when the 1962 war ismentioned.

With more than 2,000 years of culturalexchanges, the bond of friendship is stronger thanever between China and India. At present, bothcountries are facing the golden period of realizingdevelopment and prosperity. Contacts between thetwo peoples are closer and closer.

I am confident that more and more people,especially the young generation, will look at eachother with broader mind and more forward-

looking sight.Estrangement caused by the short unhappy

episode will certainly fade away with the passingof time. When we look back, the most cherishablelegacy between China and India will be truefriendship. I am looking forward to making Indianfriends during the coming trip.

India, I am coming…

(Jackie Sun is a member of 100-strong Chinese youthdelegation visiting India for a week from today.)

III. CHINA TIBET

Tibetan Delegates: Livelihood Improved

Delegates of Tibetan nationality from Sichuan,Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet Autonomous Regiontook an interview of China Central Televisionduring the 18th CPC National Congress. They saidtheir hometown has undergone enormous changethese years. They are confident that China canbuild an all-round well-off society in the future.

One delegate from the earthquake hit YushuCounty in northwestern China’s Qinghai provincesaid people’s life there has been improved a lot.Those who lost homes in the quake have all movedto new buildings. One delegate from GansuProvince said the medical care has been improvedgreatly. The hospitals there used to be short of

medicines in the past, but now they are well-equipped.

Meanwhile, the Party Congress reportmentions a “delegate proposal system” for the firsttime. This is considered important for intra-partydemocracy. It follows the tenure systemimplemented during the 17th Party Congress. The“Party delegate proposal system” requires eachdelegate to submit proposals during partycongresses, at both the national and local level.Experts said that the system makes a delegate’srole more professional, encouraging action ratherthan treating the title as an honorary one.

Cooperation a Keyword for China Tibetan Culture Weekin Poland

Warsaw, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) — Cooperation isthe keyword in seminars and discussions betweenPolish experts and visiting Chinese Tibetologistswho are here in Warsaw for the 2012 Poland

China Tibetan Cultural Week.“There have been cooperation between China

and Poland on the governmental level, but that isnot enough,” said Lhakpa Tseten, a lead


Tibetologist specializing in Tibetan culturalprotection and preservation.

“We need cooperation and exchanges on thepeople-to-people level too ... in order to betterpromote mutual understandings,” said Lhakpa.“And that is why we have the China TibetanCulture Week here... We want to show the Polishpeople a true Tibet.”

The culture week, the first of its kind held inPoland, was officially opened on Monday inWarsaw, and features an exhibition of more than200 photos taken by Chinese and foreignphotographers and 46 Tibetan Thangka paintings,a Tibetan folk songs and dances performance, inaddition to a series of seminars and discussionsbetween Tibetologists and the locals.

On Tuesday, the Tibetologists met with expertsfrom the Medical Institute of Labor in Warsaw,and discussed ways to further cooperation in the

studies and application of Tibetan medicines. Theyalso sat down with experts from the local collegeWyzsza Szkola Swiatowa on Wednesday asLhakpa gave a brief introduction on the protectionand development of Tibet’s traditional culture.

“Everywhere we went, cooperation andexchanges are the two key words we heard themost,” Lhakpa said.

Deputy director with the Information Officeof China’s State Council Cui Yuying, who led theTibetologist delegation, told Xinhua that Chinaand Poland have been stepping up cooperation andexchanges in various fields in recent years.

The Poland China Tibetan Culture Weekwould draw China and Poland closer to eachother, and would serve as a platform throughwhich the Polish people can take a closer look atTibet and get to know the region and its traditionalculture better, she said.

Poland-China Tibetan Culture Week Endsin Poland Successfully

The 2012 Poland-China Tibetan Culture Weeksuccessfully concluded on November 11, 2012,after arousing strong repercussions in Poland.

The culture week, the first of its kindheld in Poland, included an exhibitionof more than 200 photos taken byChinese and foreign photographers and46 traditional Tibetan Thangkapaintings, Tibetan folk songs and danceperformances, in addition to a series ofdiscussions and seminars between localsand Tibetologists.

These activities showed vivid scenesof Tibet’s long and rich culture andunique customs, as well as Tibet’svigorous economic and socialdevelopment and the people of all ethnic

groups living and working in peace andcontentment Tibet, a region in west China.

The exhibition provides various aspects to


show Tibet’s political, economic,cultural, social and religious situationstoday, the traditional Tibetan medicine,environmental protection and the localpeople’s livelihood, etc.

A Polish photographic amateur,who went to Tibet a few years ago, saidthe pictures on display here make abeautiful heavenly feeling, but the realTibet is more attractive with a naturalbeauty. He said that if possible, he willgo to Tibet again.

People from Poland, Russia,Ukraine, Italy, France, the Netherlands, thePhilippines, South Korea and Libya saw theexhibition and left comments.

“I am so lucky to be here and visit thisexhibition. Before Poles never know that Tibet issuch a mysterious and historical place, but todaythis Chinese exhibition shows us a lot.”

“I visited Beijing, but did not go to Tibet. I reallywant to go to Tibet which is such a beautiful place.”

“Very beautiful. Thangka in Poland’s autumnis amazing.”

“Thanks to that very impressive exhibition heldin Poland. One day I’ d like to visit Tibet to feel thefresh air and see the beautiful scenes.”

“So attractive pictures, so attractive place, Idream of going there.”

On the night of November 5, more than 2,000people watched a Tibetan folk song and danceperformance known as the Magic Tibet. Applausesand praises were endless. After the performance,most of the audience said the performance wasvery beautiful, amazing and electrifying.

The President of the Polish foreign residents’club, Jerzy Wojciewski, praised the Tibetan Songand Dance Troupe performances for enabling theaudience to know the true art of Tibet, and to seethe policy of the Chinese government on the

protection of traditional Tibetan culture andheritage and development of Tibetan culture.

During the week, a series of discussions andseminars were held between local people andTibetologists.

The Polish experts and scholars attending theactivities said it was very much honored toparticipate in such events. They showed greatinterests and enthusiasm for cultural exchangebetween Polish universities and Tibet universities.

“Everywhere we went, cooperation andexchanges are the two key words we heard themost,” said Lhakpa Tseten, a lead Tibetologistspecializing in Tibetan cultural protection andpreservation.

“We need cooperation and exchanges on apeople-to-people level too ... in order to betterpromote mutual understandings,” said Lhakpa,“That is why we have the China Tibetan CultureWeek here... We want to show the Polish people atrue Tibet.”

The 2012 Poland-China Tibetan Culture Weekopened on November 5 in Warsaw, Poland. It wasco-sponsored by China’s State Council InformationOffice, the People’s Government of the TibetAutonomous Region, the Chinese embassy inPoland and the Dom


China Funds Buddhism Dictionary to PromoteTibetology Research

Authorities with China’s national socialsciences fund have earmarked 800,000 yuan(128,000 U.S. dollars) for the compilation of adictionary on Tibetan Buddhism, compilers saidSaturday.

The dictionary will include over 40,000 entriessuch as terminologies, ancient books and records,historic figures and scenic spots related to TibetanBuddhism, according to the Northwest Universityfor Nationalities, based in Lanzhou, capital ofGansu Province.

The bilingual dictionary in both Tibetan andChinese is being compiled by the university’sresearch institute on overseas and ethnicdocuments, and it will be the first of its kind onTibetan Buddhism and the fundamental Tibetologyresearch, said a researcher with the institute.

The national social sciences fund is China’s topsocial sciences funding program to promoteresearch that is significant to economic and socialdevelopment and the cultural promotion of thecountry’s ethnic groups.

Tibet Hits New Record in Tourist Number in 3Q

Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) has hit a newrecord in tourist arrivals to 9.02 million tourists inthe first three quarters, up 26 percent year-on-year,according to the Tibet Tourism Bureau.

The tourist arrivals have brought a revenue of10.3 billion yuan, up 37 percent comparing withthe record in the same period of 2011.

The growth rate has maintained at above 20percent despite the fact that the number of foreigntourists have decreased.

In the following months, Tibet will gear up theefforts to attract more tourists in winter and in-tensify the quality of people engaged in tourism toprovide better service for tourists.

A Work Record of an 18-Year Program of Supporting Lhasaby Jiangsu Province

by Ling Lan

In 1994, in line with the call from the 3rdTibetan Work Conference held by the centralgovernment, Jiangsu Province was ordered to giveits full support to Lhasa Municipality of TibetAutonomous Region. Accordingly, Nanjin,Suzhou, Zhenjiang,Yangzhou and Taizhou inJiangsu Province respectively supported the fourcounties - Maizhokunggar, Lhundrup, Taktse and

Chushur - in Lhasa Municipality. In thesubsequent 18 years, Jiangsu Province has fullyexploited its advantages in economy, humanresources and educational resources in pursuit offostering the social and economic progress of LhasaMunicipality and to improve the living standardof the local people. Cadres from Jiangsu Provincein the previous support teams to Tibet have given


their overall support to the cause of developingLhasa Municipality and have made an importantcontribution. Today’s Lhasa has become one of thehappiest cities in China where the economy isprogressing, the people’s living standard isimproving and the society continues to beharmonious. Surely, all of these successes areinseparable from the local people and the peopleof Jiangsu, including the six groups of cadres fromJiangsu Province under the program for supportof Tibet by different provinces.

Raising Funds to Apply a “Cardiac Stimulant”for the Economic Advancement of LhasaMunicipality

Funds and projects are the first issues to besolved in developing Lhasa. Since 1994 whenJiangsu Province launched its support to Tibet, theprovince (including its five municipalities)undertook the responsibility to raise funds for Tibet.Up to 2011, Jiangsu Province has alreadyimplemented 270 support projects of which anindividual project alone is above 500 thousandYuan. It adds to the total of 1.738 billion Yuan ofsupport funds for Tibet. Ninety-three of theseprojects were implemented during the 11th five-year plan, accounting for 538 million Yuan. Duringthe 12th five-year plan, the supporting fundsreached 1.836 billion Yuan. In 2011, the totalsupporting funds to Tibet from Jiangsu Provincewere 313 million Yuan, implemented through 14projects. In 2012, it is planned to arrange 338million Yuan to implement 26 projects. All projectsare currently under way.

Making Plans to Realize a Healthy andSystematic Advancement

Lhasa is the capital of Tibet AutonomousRegion, as well as one of the historic cities of China.However, the general city planning of LhasaMunicipality is backward in comparison with theneed for advancement. In particular, it is importantto consider integration of traditional culture andmodern civilization while making the city plan. It

is useless to simply make a copy of the plan of othercities from inland China. Therefore, the city planof Lhasa Municipality requires higher technologyand skills. In view of such needs, Jiangsu Provincetakes this plan as one of the key tasks in its 11thfive-year plan.The province has earmarked 20million Yuan of financial support and organizedabout 100 experts to participate in the design ofthe city plan of Lhasa Municipality.From the effortsmade over three years, the general city plan ofLhasa Municipality, two special designs and fourdetailed administrative and implementation rulesand regulations have been worked out. In Marchof 2009, the “General City Plan of LhasaMunicipality (2009-2020)” was approved by the

Jiangsu Road in Lhasa City was sponsored by JiangsuProvince


State Council and the plan also won the first-degree prize for national excellent city plans.Withthe guidance of the city plan, it is going to greatlyboost the development and prosperity of Lhasa interms of building a city featuring traditional cultureand ecoenvironment.

Focusing on Construction of Infrastructureand Living-standard Improvement Projects

The development of a city cannot be separatedfrom the improvement of infrastructure. Lhasa hasa very weak infrastructure situation - in particularinferior road conditions that affect the daily livesof civilians in one way, and the city’s inferiorappearance affects them in another. From 1995when the first group of cadres from JiangsuProvince came to Lhasa, infrastructure has becomeone of the key tasks of Jiangsu Province. In LhasaCity, there are several roads that are being builtunder Jiangsu’s “Supporting Tibet” program suchas Road Jiangsu (that is also called the “first road”in Lhasa and was built in 1998 at a cost of 40million Yuan), the East Road of Jiangsu,RoadSuzhou, Road Taizhou, Road Yangzhou and soforth.Evidence of the support from JiangsuProvince appears everywhere in Lhasa City.

The project to improve the living standard oflocal civilians is another key project of the supportof Jiangsu Province to Tibet. Lhasa People’sHospital is well-known by local people as “civilian’shospital”. This is the key support project amongstthe core projects of Jiangsu Province to Tibet. In1997, Jiangsu Province arranged five supportprojects in turn for this hospital with a totalinvestment of 100 million Yuan to upgrade medicalequipment; in the meantime, the province sentmedical teams of doctors, technicians andadministrators to the hospital in order to pass onknowledge through an on-the-job trainingprogram for local medical staff in order to improvethe capacity of them. In addition, the provinceespecially arranged local doctors to participate ina training program held in Jiangsu Province while

sending groups of doctors to visit the people inLhasa Municipality to provide medical service. Atpresent, a group of local doctors,technicians andadministrators in the hospital have already beentrained while the capacity of medical technologyhas been dramatically improved. Severalcomplicated medical surgeries can be carried onin this hospital. The hospital has become asecond-grade hospital with a comprehensivemedical system including medical service,education,research, a first-aid service, healthcare and a rehabilitation service.

Changing the Supporting-Tibet Mode fromthe “Transfusion of Blood” to the “Productionof Blood”

While supporting Lhasa by way of a“transfusion of blood”, Jiangsu Province makes aparticular effort to enable Lhasa to develop itscapacity, in terms of “producing blood”, toimprove its self-development. Jiangsu Provincecurrently seeks to introduce investment aimed atincreasing local development of special industries.At present, a group of well-known enterprises havealready settled in Lhasa Municipality, includingWuxi Shangde Solar Power Company thatinvested 10 billion Yuan to build a 100 megawatt-class solar power project in Lhasa. Also there isJiangsu Yurun Group, which runs a business toproduce yak meat at Lhasa; the Academy ofAgricultural Sciences of Yangzhou is cooperatingwith Lhasa Municipality to improve barleybreeding. Both parties have already signed thecontract. Tibetan medicine and a Tibetan carpet-manufacturing project are also in cooperation withenterprises from Jiangsu Province.

Gayma Town in Maizhokunggar County wasthe birthplace of Songtsen Gampo, the king of TuboKingdom.The cadres from Jiangsu Province sensedthe development prospects for tourism. Therefore,the province reserved 20 million Yuan to build atourist venue at Gayma Town. Since opening inAugust of 2010, the new tourist spot has earned


10 million Yuan from only sellingtickets.

Forming a Group of High-level,Capable Cadres to Support Tibet

The achievements in the supportprogram for Tibet by JiangsuProvince are remarkable. This isactually inseparable from the specialattention and detailed care from theleadership of Jiangsu Province, aswell as the disinterested contributionsof local cadres. Since 1995, theprovince in turn has sent six groups(a total of 309 cadres and about 400educational workers) to Lhasa. Theyhave coped with inferior livingconditions (like the shortage ofoxygen and harsh climate) to striveto provide a better service to local people. JiangsuProvince takes seriously the selection of these cadresand educators by considering their skills,professional capacity, administrative andmanagerial ability and health situation. A betterselection technique makes the team of maximumuse to Tibet. For the sake of making these cadresand educators suited to the job, the provinceespecially organizes a training program before theyhead to Tibet. The training program includessharing experience by cadres who previouslyparticipated in the supporting program to Tibetand the introduction of Tibetan history, religion,production, culture and customs.Concerning theconsistence of different supporting teams, theleaders of each team are usually asked to be inposition earlier than other team members.

A three-year support program is designed forJiangsu Province. Because the duration is long, theprovince gives special care to the worries of thesecadres. Whenever they encounter difficulties andproblems, the province always gives them specialcare by solving their problems and difficultiesimmediately.

Educational Support for Future Generation

Educational support to Tibet is another keyelement under the supporting program of JiangsuProvince to Tibet. In connection with its advantageon education, Jiangsu Province in the earlier stageof its support program has already been acceptingresponsibility and accountability to help Tibet ineducation and schooling. Several Tibetan classesare run in Jiangsu Province. For instance, in 1985,Changzhou Tibetan Ethnic Middle School wasbuilt. In August of 2010, the school was moved toa new campus where it occupies 33 thousandsquare meters of land. In July of 1997, Nantongbuilt the first Tibetan school at the Huadong areain China. To date, the two schools have enrolled4200 students in total and 3100 students havealready graduated. Jiangsu Province earmarks 10million Yuan yearly for running Tibetan classes.In addition, the Bureau of Education of JiangsuProvince inputs funds earmarked from senior-middle-school funds to give special care to the two Tibetanschools in Changzhou and Nantong. These twoschools respectively won “best performing schoolin national unity” and the “excellent organizationfor educational support in Tibet”. Besides, theprovince organizes students to form a “summercamp” to invite students from Lhasa to visit Jiangsu

The students of Nantong Tibetan Ethnic School in Jiangsu Province,dressedin festival costumes, were gathering together to share delicious food towelcome the Tibetan water-dragon New Year.


in order to share knowledge and build friendshipbetween the children from Jiangsu and Tibet.

The vocational training in Jiangsu is quiteadvanced in comparison with other provinces inChina. By taking this advantage, Jiangsu Provinceenrolls students from Tibet for vocational training.As early as August 28th, 2007, Jinling VocationSchool of Nanjing signed a cooperative agreementwith the Vocation School of Maizhokunggar ofLhasa Municipality in which students fromMaizhokunggar Vocation School have two yearsof study in Nanjing after one year of study inMaizhokunggar. This is the first vocationaleducation cooperative project run by the Bureauof Education of Jiangsu Province. In 2008 and 2009respectively, two groups of Tibetan students cameto Nanjing to study vehicle repair, supportingtourism and TV program production. In 2010,Jinling Vocation School is designed to yearlycultivate 50 graduates of Tibetan students in thefields of vehicle repair and TV program production.To date, about 200 graduates have already returnedTibet, and some of them have become key personsin community of Lhasa. Yeshe Chodron was agraduate of TV program production in 2008 from

One of the Jiangsu support projects:the Lhasa People’sHospital. Photo by Jogod from Xinhua News Agency

On Feb.21st, 2012, a Tibetan Class in Ben Niu Senior Middle School, ChangzhouMunicipality of Jiangsu Province, with a total of 30 excellent Tibetan students,three Tibetan orphans and five Tibetan teachers won the Guancai scholarship.

Maizhokunggar County. She, together with manyother classmates, graduated and returned toMaizhokunggar County. Now they have become

the leading force of the TV Stationof Maizhokunggar County.

The support program for Lhasaby Jiangsu Province connects thesetwo places. Within the 18 years ofcooperation, the advancement ofLhasa Municipality is deeplyconnected with the name of JiangsuProvince while the hearts of thepeople of Jiangsu have closely linkedwith the hearts of the people atLhasa. We believe, along with theprogress of the supporting programfrom Jiangsu to Lhasa,the tomorrowof Lhasa will be wonderful and theliving standard of the people inLhasa will rise.

Postal Regd. No. DL-SW-16/4034/12-14R.N.I. No. 47440/88

November 2012

This is the Gehu Bridge on Nanjing - Changzhou Expressway. Over the past decade, China accelerated the construction

of expressway network. According to statistics, from 2002 to 2011, the total mileage of highway increased from 1.765

million kilometers to 4.106 million kilometers in China. Among them the expressway’s length has been increased from

25,100 km to 84,900 km, the second largest in the world.

PDF Version of this Issue is available at http://in.china-embassy.org

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