The 1920’sThe 1920’s

I. American Business and I. American Business and ConsumerismConsumerism

1.1. EconomyEconomyCreditor nationCreditor nation2.2. Production increaseProduction increase3.3. Labor sufferedLabor suffered4.4. StandardStandard↑↑5.5. Farmers sufferedFarmers suffered

II. Ford and Changing II. Ford and Changing ConsumerismConsumerism

1.1. American producing 70% moreAmerican producing 70% more2.2. MASS CONSUMPTION SOCIETYMASS CONSUMPTION SOCIETY3.3. Ford made car obtainableFord made car obtainable4.4. 1929--@30 million cars1929--@30 million cars

Ford and Changing Consumerism Ford and Changing Consumerism (cont’d)(cont’d)

6.6. Steel, rubber, petroleumSteel, rubber, petroleum7.7. Trains give way to trucksTrains give way to trucks8.8. Suburbs growSuburbs grow9.9. No cash up frontNo cash up frontbuy on credit!!buy on credit!!

III. Birth of Modern CultureIII. Birth of Modern Culture

1.1. Jazz Age; Roaring TwentiesJazz Age; Roaring Twenties2.2. Radio: comedy, drama, sportsRadio: comedy, drama, sports3.3. MoviesMovies4.4. Jazz SingerJazz Singerfirst “talkie”first “talkie”5.5. ““True American Hero”True American Hero”changedchanged

Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)

6.6. Entertainers replace presidents and Entertainers replace presidents and world leadersworld leaders

Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)

7.7. Lost GenerationLost Generation8.8. Not pleased with Not pleased with

materialism/consumerismmaterialism/consumerism9.9. Authors & ArtistsAuthors & Artists

1.1. FitzgeraldFitzgerald2.2. SteinStein3.3. HemingwayHemingway4.4. O’KeefeO’Keefe5.5. BentonBenton

Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)

10. 10. Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance11.11. Critical of white societyCritical of white society12.12. Joy/pain of being blackJoy/pain of being black13.13. Langston Hughes; Armstrong; Langston Hughes; Armstrong;

EllingtonEllington14.14. Little impact elsewhere at the timeLittle impact elsewhere at the time

Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)Birth of Modern Culture (cont’d)

IV. Conservative ReactionIV. Conservative Reaction

1.1. Fundamentalists, prohibitionists, nativistsFundamentalists, prohibitionists, nativists2.2. Scopes teaches evolutionScopes teaches evolutionagainst state against state

law (TN)law (TN)3.3. ACLU appoints Clarence DarrowACLU appoints Clarence Darrow4.4. State of TNState of TNWilliam Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan5.5. Monkey TrialMonkey Trial6.6. Scopes found guiltyScopes found guiltylater overturnedlater overturned

Conservative Reaction (cont’d)Conservative Reaction (cont’d)

Conservative Reaction (cont’d)Conservative Reaction (cont’d)

7.7. Volstead Act,Volstead Act,1919—enforce the 181919—enforce the 18thth amend.amend.

8.8. Organized CrimeOrganized Crime9.9. Al CaponeAl Capone Chicago Chicago10.10. Many began to protestMany began to protest11.11. 2121stst Amend. Amend.repeals prohibitionrepeals prohibitionDec. 5, 1933 Dec. 5, 1933

Conservative Reaction (cont’d)Conservative Reaction (cont’d)

12. 12. Quota Act, Immigration ActQuota Act, Immigration Act, 1921, 192113.13. 3% limit; based on 1910 census3% limit; based on 1910 census14.14. National Origins Act, National Origins Act, 1924192415.15. 2% based on 1890 census2% based on 1890 census16.16. KKK KKK emerges; same terror tacticsemerges; same terror tactics

Conservative Reaction (cont’d)Conservative Reaction (cont’d)

17.17. Sacco & VanzettiSacco & Vanzetti18.18. Executed in 1927Executed in 1927

V. Continued Struggle for EqualityV. Continued Struggle for Equality

1.1. Af.Am.; Women; immigrantsAf.Am.; Women; immigrants2.2. Marcus GarveyMarcus GarveyUnited Negro United Negro

Improvement AssociationImprovement Association3.3. SegregateSegregatethen “Back to Africa”then “Back to Africa”4.4. WEB Bu Bois, NAACP fight for WEB Bu Bois, NAACP fight for

justice/equalityjustice/equality5.5. New inventions help middle class New inventions help middle class

women; not poorwomen; not poor

Continued Struggle for Equality Continued Struggle for Equality (cont’d)(cont’d)

6.6. flappersflappers7.7. Increase in divorceIncrease in divorce8.8. Women could vote;Women could vote;Legislators listenedLegislators listened9.9. Compulsory schoolCompulsory schoolwomen women

educatededucatedcollege educationcollege education

Continued Struggle for Equality Continued Struggle for Equality (cont’d)(cont’d)

10.10. Margaret SangerMargaret Sanger11.11. Advocated Birth ControlAdvocated Birth Control12.12. Openly discuss: menstruation, birth Openly discuss: menstruation, birth

control, poverty, abuse, premature control, poverty, abuse, premature death of young women. death of young women.