The 3D TV Technology Guide

8/8/2019 The 3D TV Technology Guide

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Guide to Buying 3D TVs

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Shutter vs Passive

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Will Succeed

Unified Industry WideSupport for 3D If there isone thing that was madeabundantly clear ...

How 3D TVs work

If you were just wondering – “How does a 3D TV

work?“, then this guide is perfect for you. Ever

since Hollywood began it’s recent push towards 3D

with animated movies such as Beowulf, Pixar’s

brilliant “Up” and of course, most recently with

James Cameron’s spectacular “Avatar”, many of us

have begun to fall in love with the 3D movie

experience. We perceive the world around us in 3D,

so why should our TV watching be restricted to 2D?While 3D technology in the past was quite primitive

resulting in an underwhelming, nausea inducing

experience, major consumer electronics companies

are now betting on the resurgence of 3D and have

been working at a furious pace to develop new

technologies that can deliver a comfortable and

entertaining 3D experience in the comfort of our

homes.

This 3DTechnology

guide

describes in

detail how 3D

tvs work and

covers the

pros and cons

of various

emerging 3D

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display

technologies. Of course, we must first start by

understanding why we perceive the world around us

in 3D.

The simple reason why we perceive in 3D is

because we have two forward facing eyes withwhich we observe the world around us (binocular

vision). Our eyes are separated from each other by

about 3 inches. As a result, one eye perceives a

slightly different image than the other eye. For

example, if you look at a key on your keyboard with

only your left eye open, and then your right eye,

you will see pretty much the same image, except

that each eye gives you a slightly shifted

perspective of the same object. This is referred to

as parallax and is crucial in our ability to perceive

depth. The human brain is wired such that when it

simultaneously receives images from the left and

right eye each possessing a slightly shifted

perspective, it is able to combine these images

such that we are able to perceive the depth or

distance of an object.

To take this a step further, try moving a small

object close to your face and look at it with only

one open eye at a time. You will notice that there

is a larger shift in the position of the object for

your left and right eye image when it is closer to

you. If on the other hand, you place the object a

few feet away from you and try the same

experiment, you’ll notice that there is a very tiny

shift in the position of the object in your left and

right eye image. This gives you a hint at how our

brain perceives depth from these visual cues.

Now that we understand why we perceive in 3D, it

follows that for any display technology to be able

to trick your eyes into believing that you are

viewing a 3D image, it will need to provide a

slightly different image for viewing to each eye via

some technological trickery. Read on to learn about

the different technologies being used in 3D tvs

today and in the near future.





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Side Note: If you want to have some cross-eyed

fun and view some interesting stereoscopic images,

check out the virtual gallery at studio3d.

Anaglyph

techniques

was firstdeveloped in

1853 by

Wilhelm

Rollmann, a

German, in

Leipzig. The

working is

quite simple. You wear a color filter glass with each

eye piece having a different color film

(chromatically opposite to each other). The film or

image is composed of two overlapping images in

different color tints such that each eye is able to

view only one of these two overlapping images. In

this manner a 3D effect is achieved. However, there

are a number of drawback associated with this

technique, which explains why this technology has

never been picked up for consumer home theater

systems.

Drawbacks:

Due to the color tinted glasses, the image that we see

has very poor color fidelity and has strong shades of red

and green. While this can be mitigated to a small extent

by using different color pair glasses (red-cyan) it is still a

significant drawback.

The quality of the 3D image in general is quite poor

resulting in a feeling of nausea and a forgettable viewing

experience.

Advantages:

Cheap – The glasses themselves cost less than a dollar.

In addition, any digital HDTV or LCD monitor is capable

of displaying the necessary color tinted 3D video. While

this is an advantage, on the whole the drawbacks far

outweigh this single advantage





3d Polarized Glasses were used in

the 1952 for the screening of Bwana

Devil - Thanks to [email protected]

for the correction

Polarized

glasses are

the

technology

of choice

when itcomes to

commercial

3D

projectors

that are

used in 3D

movie

theaters

around the world. Both the IMAX 3D and RealD rely

on utilizing the unique properties of polarized lightto create a drastically improved 3D viewing

experience.

Polarization of light is defined as the plane along

which the electric field of the light oscillates. I just

threw that in in case you care enough about the

definition . While it isn’t necessary to

understand the details, polarization of light

enables the ability to selectively screen out light

based on its polarization by using unique materials

called polarizing films. As illustrated in the image

below, a projector is used to project two skewed

images on a special screen that allows the

reflecting light to retain its polarization (the

screens are usually coated with silver to achieve

this). Each image is projected with a polarization

mutually orthogonal (90 degrees) to the other

polarization. The Polarizing glasses consist of two

polarizing films that allow light of differentpolarizations through. As a result, as illustrated

below, one eyepiece allows one image through,

while the other eyepiece allows the other image

through due to the differing polarizations of the

incoming light.





How polarized glasses work - Credit

Howstuffworks.com

The end result is that each eye perceives a

different image and as explained earlier, this

results in the 3D effect. In reality, commercial

systems like RealD actually use a special type of polarized light called circularly polarized light. The

2 images are either right-circularly polarized or left-

circularly polarized. The advantage of using

circularly polarized light is that you can tilt your

head from side to side without affecting the

contrast and brightness of the image you view.

If you’re wondering whether the polarized glasses

you brought home with you from the movie theater

will work with a new 3D tv that you plan on

purchasing, the chances are that it won’t. The

reason for that is that most consumer electronics

companies are betting on a different technology for

first generation 3d televisions (see the next

section). The good news is that LG has said that it

is currently developing a 3D ready tv based on this

polarized light technology.

Advantages:

One of the best 3D viewing experiences amongst current

technology with rich colors and great detail

Glasses are passive (not electronic) and as a result very

cheap.

Easy to switch between displaying 2D and 3D content

Drawback:

The only major drawback at the moment is that this

technology is not being widely adopted by electronics





Panasonic's Active Shutter 3DGlasses

makers for the first generation of 3d tvs.

Active shutter display technology is the primary

technology that is being championed by a number

of big name manufacturers such as Sony, Panasonic

and Nvidia. In this method, the left and right

images are displayed alternatively in a sequentialmanner on a regular LCD TV. However, since the

effective frame rate is halved, these displays need

to have double the refresh rate of standard LCD

monitors and TVs (60 Hz). This is why you will find

that all 3D ready TVs have a minimum frame rate

of 120 Hz. Shutter glasses are used to discriminate

between the images so that each eye only sees the

corresponding image on the monitor.

Each

eyepiece of

the special

active

shutter

glass acts

as a shutter

and the left

and right

eye pieces

are

shuttered

alternatingly

in a synchronized manner so that each eye only

sees the corresponding image being displayed on

the 3D TV set. The active shutter glasses are

maintained in sync with the television set using

bluetooth, infrared or radio technology. These

special glasses usually contain liquid crystals that

can be made opaque thus acting as a shutter.Thus, using the active shutter technology, the left

eye only sees the intended left view image and the

right eye sees the intended right view image.

The first generation Active Shutter TVs and displays

are already in production and should be rolling out

any time now. Nvidia already sells active shutter

kits for 3D gaming. Newer models are also specd

with 240Hz refresh rates that should help with





smoother 3D video and less flickering. This

improved refresh rate should have a notable effect

when it comes to fast moving scenes and sports

viewings.

Advantages:

Robust, mature technology that has already demoed at

CES 2010 with Sony and Panasonic backing it.Reduced eye fatigue

Drawbacks:

Glasses are expensive and require batteries. It would

suck to run out of batteries mid-way through a movie

watching. Expensive glasses also make it prohibitive to

have a bunch of friends over to watch the Super Bowl in

3D

The videos can be dim as the glasses reduce the

brightness of the image. In addition, 120 Hz can be toolow a refresh rate for fast moving sports and movie

scenes. This can result in choppiness and flicker. 240 Hz

displays should go a long way in fixing these issues.

Watching 3D video without the inconvenience of

feeling like dorks wearing sunglasses inside your

own house is really the holy grail when it comes to

3D technology. Fortunately there is some exciting

news on that front. This technique is called

autostereoscopy and surprisingly, it has been

around for a long time. Autostereoscopy relies on

the use of special optical elements between the

television screen and the viewer so that each eye

of the viewer receives a different image thus

producing the illusion of depth. This can typically

be achieved in flat panel displays either using

lenticular lenses or parallax barriers. The image

below is an example of a lenticular lensed flatpanel. The unique grooved shape of the surface

allows the projection of different images based on

viewing angle thus enabling stereoscopic vision.

However, eye strain

and headaches are

usual side effects

of long viewing

exposure to





Lenticular lenses for glass

less 3D TVs

autostereoscopic

displays that use

lenticular lens or

parallax barriers.

Such displays can

have multiple

viewing zones

allowing multiple users to view the image at thesame time. LG has recently announced a 3D TV

codenamed M4200D that uses such a lenticular

lensed system. One caveat of this system however

is that there is an optimal viewing distance that is

quite rigid (approximately 13 feet). If you sit

further away or too close to the TV, the quality of

the 3D image can degrade significantly.

Similar to the lenticular lens technology, parallax

barriers, pioneered by Sharp, also enable 3D TVswithout the need for bulky glasses. This technology

relies on a parallax barrier comprising of switchable

liquid crystals that can be tuned by applying a

potential so as to control the direction in which

light is transmitted through the LCD panel. As a

result, but controlling the direction of light

transmission, the image viewed by the left and

right eye can be independently modulated so as to

generate as 3D effect. A significant advantage of

this technique is that the switchable liquid crystal

barrier can be turned off so as to enable the

display of regular 2D content.

Unfortunately the glass less 3D TVs are still in a

prototype phase and aren’t yet ready for full scale

production. However, with the current thrust in the

area of 3D TVs, and if there is wide spread

adoption of 3D TVs over the next 5 years, then

these glass less 3D TVs will definitely make the

transition from proof of concepts to robust,

commercial, mass-produced products.

Advantages:

No need to wear dorky glasses! Easy transition between

watching 2D and 3D content.

Drawbacks:

While the glass less aspect is appealing, the rigid





requirement on optimal viewing position makes it a little

less exciting. People will need to design their living

rooms around their TVs more than ever if these TVs get

widely adopted.

As is hopefully evident from this article, there has

been a great deal of interest and innovation in therealm of 3D TV displays. Many of the big names in

consumer electronics are backing this transition to

3D and are spending a great amount of their

resources in developing and marketing the next

generation of television displays. This site aims to

follow these exciting times, keeping abreast with

the latest news and reviews in the world of 3D TVs

as well as scouting for the best deals on the latest

3D enabled televisions. So stick around, subscribe

to the RSS feed and Twitter and ride out the new

3D wave

Best 3D TVs » Guides » How 3D TVs work





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