The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN THE CZECH AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN THE CZECH REPUBLICREPUBLIC

– –An example of adoption of EU air monitoring An example of adoption of EU air monitoring

requirements in new MSs requirements in new MSs

Jaroslav Fiala, Jaroslav Fiala, European Environment AgencyEuropean Environment AgencyKongens Nytorv 6, CopenhagenKongens Nytorv 6, Copenhagen

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

• Democratic changes in the beginning of 90’s led to adoption of environmentally friendly legislation and enforced substantial improvement of the environment in CR

Restructuring of economy (decline from heavy industry, liberalisation of prices of energy …)

Implementation of necessary abatement measures (desulphurization, use of low NOx-burners and particle filters at large power plants, gasification, reduction of emissions from cars ...)

Air emissions and consequently ambient air concentrations of basic pollutants (SO2, PM and NOx) decreased remarkably in the Czech Republic after 1990

Air quality monitoring and air quality assessment was substantially improved after 1990

Air pollution in Air pollution in CRCR in last period in last period

SO2

TSP

• Before 1990 the Czech Republic belonged to the most polluted areas in Europe (northern Bohemia - Black Triangle, Silesia)

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Emission of Primary PM SO2 Emissions NOx Emissions

NH3 Emissions Ostrava Region mean Northw est Region mean

Prague mean

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

Air quality monitoring in CR in 1992-2002Air quality monitoring in CR in 1992-2002

Number of air pollution monitoring sites measuring basic pollutants

SO

2

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,

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PM

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CHMI 96 96 95 – 43 38 5 64

Others 40 35 20 6 11 1 23

AMS

Total 136 131 115 6 54 50 6 87

CHMI 72 43 5 63 1

Others 145 126 4 97 6 6 2

Manual Semi-autom.

Total 217 169 9 160 7 6 2

Summa 353 300 124 166 61 56 6 89

TK VOC POP NH3I HNO3, NO3 NH4

SO4 H2S

CHMI 23 2 1 3 3

Others 85 5 8 1 1 4

Total 108 7 9 4

Number of monitoring sites measuring specific pollutants,

Air Quality Monitoring NetworksBackbone Network of Automated Stations

Integrated Air Quality Information System of the Czech Republic

SQL RDBMS (Oracle) + GISSQL RDBMS (Oracle) + GIS

+

Principles of methods used in the AMS (Automated Monitoring Stations)

SO2 UV- fluorescence

NO2/NOx Chemiluminescence

PM10/SPM Beta –radiometry, TEOM

Ozone UV - absorbance

CO IR – correlation spectrometry

C6H6 / BTX Chromatography

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

EU Enlargement and the environmentEU Enlargement and the environment

• The process of EU Enlargement was an additional important stimulus for further improvement of the environment in Candidate Countries

• The accession process required an adoption of the European environmental legislation

=> Transposition and implementation of EU legislation into the national legislation

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

Adoption of EU AQ legislationAdoption of EU AQ legislation

• By 2002 the Czech Republic transposed and implemented more than a dozen of EU AQ related directives and regulations:

• Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) directive

• National Emission Ceiling directive

• Air Emissions related directives

• In ambient air quality it covered a transposition and implementation of:

• Framework Directive 96/62/EC

• Daughter Directives 1999/30/EC, 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/EC

• Exchange of Information (EoI) Decision 97/101/EC

• Approximation of EU legislation led in the Candidate Countries to the adoption and innovation of air pollution protection legislation – clean air acts

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

Harmonization of air quality monitoringHarmonization of air quality monitoring

• Daughter Directives (99/30/EC, 2000/69/EC, 2002/3/EC) specify detailed minimum requirements concerning:

• minimum numbers of monitoring sites in zones and agglomerations• basic requirements and site selection criteria both at micro- and

macro-scale – traffic/kerb sites• data quality objectives• general requirements for AQ assessment procedures

• During the year 2003 the national air quality monitoring network was innovated and optimised reflecting requirements of the EU AQ legislation

• optimisation of existing networks (reduction of number of automated station from 96 to about 70)

• installation of new kerbside / traffic stations in agglomerations • monitoring of PM2.5 , new instrumentation for PM10 and PM2.5• extension of monitoring of benzene (BTX)• improvement of monitoring of heavy metals (ICP-AAS/MS) and

PAHs

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

Innovated national air quality monitoringInnovated national air quality monitoring

Operated by CHMI as the authorized organization

About 70 automated monitoring stations throughout the territory of the Czech Republic

On-line data transmission from stations using radio communication

About 40 manual stations (PAHs, HMs..) Actual information for public and state

administration Location and classification of the stations

according to EoI and DDs Monitored compounds

• sulphur dioxide• nitrogen dioxide / nitrogen oxides• PM10• PM2.5 • carbon monoxide• benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) • ozone• heavy metals• PAHs and chemical composition of

precipitation

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

Air quality assessment should:• determine status of air quality in comparison with

political targets• identify trends/tendencies of pollutant

concentrations• analyse spatial distribution of pollutant

concentrations to:• classify air quality in zones and agglomerations• identify areas for abatement measures • estimate population and ecosystem exposure

to air pollution

Reports and outputs• Annual reports:

- Air Quality in the Czech Republic- Air Quality in Data www.chmi.cz- SoER of the Czech Republic

• Reporting air quality and summer ozone data to EU/EEA according to EoI (97/101/EC) and 2002/3/EC

• Reporting of air quality in zones and agglomerations• Reporting of plans and programs

How are monitoring data used? How are monitoring data used? Air quality assessment in the Czech RepublicAir quality assessment in the Czech Republic

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

EUROPEAN EXCHANGE OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING META-INFORMATION IN 2004; EUROPEAN EXCHANGE OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING META-INFORMATION IN 2004; ETC/ACC Technical paper 2006/-ETC/ACC Technical paper 2006/-

European AQ monitoring networksEuropean AQ monitoring networksDaughter directive 1 2 3

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EU-25 countries (24 reporting) 24 24 24 14 9 24 19 24

Total number of stations

1857 2304 1803 150 119 1026 373 1813

Of which

Traffic 401 662 538 37 33 536 187 309

Urban background 688 889 745 71 53 342 126 773

Industrial 386 305 232 4 17 89 31 177 Regional

background 285 320 194 20 16 36 23 431

Unclassified 97 128 94 18 0 23 6 123

non-EU countries (9 reporting)

8 9 8 3 2 8 5 9

Total number of stations

151 131 81 10 20 50 14 79

Of which

Traffic 36 37 27 7 2 23 9 22

Urban background 75 60 33 3 12 15 4 26

Industrial 25 19 12 5 9 11 Regional

background 14 14 8 1 2 1 19

Unclassified 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1

All countries 32 33 32 17 11 32 24 33

Total number of stations

2008 2435 1884 160 139 1076 387 1892

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

How are Airbase data used ?How are Airbase data used ?

• Reports: Air Quality in Europe • Environmental Signals• SoEOR• http://reports.eea.europa.eu/

• EEA Core Set of Indicatorshttp://themes.eea.europa.eu/Environmental_issues/air_quality/indicators

• Structural indicators

• Summer Ozone Reportshttp://reports.eea.europa.eu/index_table?sort=Thematically#air_quality

• Street Emission Ceilings – Air pollution at street levelhttp://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2006_1/en

• Guidance documents – EU policy support (PM PP)• EoI Reports

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

UN ECE

Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006

Thank you for your attention ! Thank you for your attention !

More information:

www.eea.europa.int