The ABC’s of GIS Standards: Sorting through the Acronym

Soup of GIS Data and Technology Standards

‘Set things in order before there is confusion…’

A.J. Wortley, State Cartographer’s Office

-Tao Te Ching

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Overview

Types of Standards

Standards Roles

Standards Producers

Metadata to Delineate Standards

Standards for Interoperability

Discussion : Future / Strategy

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Conceptual Levels of StandardsPersonal standards (ethics, priorities)In-house, local standards

Meet internal business needs

Regional standards Nearest neighbor interoperability

State & Federal standardsInternational standardsIndustry StandardsDe Facto Standards

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Modes/Applicability of Standards

Data Content StandardsData Quality StandardsEncoding / Format Standards Transfer / Exchange FormatsCommunications Protocols Service StandardsMore…

Data Model

Data Publishing

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

WLIA Standards

Standard on Standards (1992/98)

Parcel Geo-Locator Standard (1995)

Digital Parcel Mapping Data Content Standards (1999)

PLSS Database Definitions (2000)

Content Standard For Geospatial Metadata (2000)

GIS Data Exchange - WI Public Agencies (1996)

Geodetic Control Clearinghouse Report (1994)

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

WLIA Standards (Continued)Standard Definition:Standards represent a succession of controls or guidelines which parallel the growth of a project or system. They evolve out of system development and support implementation. The development of a standard includes the creation and adoption of the standard. That is, standards are not created for standards sake, nor are they the force that drives implementation.

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

WLIA Standard on Standards3.2.1 WLIA StandardsWLIA Standards provide prescribed methods, procedures, formats, or specifications related to land and geographic information systems. These standards are part of the fundamental ingredients for successfully implementing geographic or land information systems. WLIA Standards generally evolve from generally accepted (customary) practices.WLIA standards are voluntary. While voluntary WLIA standards are required to fully participate in the Wisconsin Land Information Program and to openly share in the collective success of all Wisconsin information systems.

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Content Spec. Implement’n

FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata + ProfilesFGDC Address Data Content StandardFGDC Vegetation Classification Governmental Unit Boundary Data Content Standard (USACE/Census)OGC Web Mapping Server (WMS) Spec. 1.1.0ArcGIS Parcel Data Model

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Data Quality Standards

Nat’l Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy

ASPRS Guidelines for Large-scale Mapping

SDTS Data Quality Guidelines

National Map Accuracy Standards

DNR Locational Data Standards

Positional Accuracy Standards

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Data Encoding / Format Standards

Naming, Proj./Coordinate, etc. FIPS, EPSG, …

Raster GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, GeoTIFF…

Vector DLG, SVG, SFXML -> GML …

Transfer & Exchange SDTS, shapefile, GML !

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

What is GML ?

Geography Markup LanguageA set of XML technologies for handling spatial data on the InternetBuilt on W3C and consortia standards:

XML, XSD, Xpointer, Xpath, XlinkXSLT, SVG/VML, RDF/S

Geospatial XML encoding & schema languagewww.galdosinc.com www.opengis.org www.w3c.org

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Communications Protocols

Http, TCP/IP, FTP, Wireless

Interface: JAVA, CORBA, DCOM

I/S/R: Z39.50, GILS, WAIS

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Emerging Webmapping Standards

OGC – Open GIS Consortium WMS -- Web Map Server specification

WCS -- Web Coverage Server

WFS -- Web Feature Server

WFS tie-in to GML Get feature_info, Get map

WMS Get capabilities

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Service Standards

The new frontier …

The concept of streaming free, subscription, and pay per view services is a solid but morphing vision …

Will see emergence of content standards and APIs for services such as LBS

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Roles Played by Standards

P lan n in gD es ig n

E n ab lem en tIn teg ra tion

E xch an g eC om m u n ica tion

P u b lish in gP u b lic A ccess

L it ig a tionL iab ility

In teg rityQ u a lity

S tan d ard s

• Data Model, Content, Architecture

• Community data sharing, exchange,

enterprise integration

• Public data access, use constraints

• Data Quality / Data Value

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

OGC 2001 Interoperability ScenarioProfiles: Common Architecture Stack

Connectivity

Service Integration &

Workflow

Service Discovery

Service Description

Service

Data Format, Schema and Semantics

Data Representation

& Encoding

Communication Protocols

TCP/IP, HTTP, SSL, SMTP, FTP, IIOP, etc.

ASCII, ASN.1/DER, XML, etc.

HTML, XML/S, RDF, XMI, OGC-GML, OGC-WKT/WKB, etc.

OGC SF, Coverage, Coordinate Transform, WMS, etc. HTTP, SOAP, COM, CORBA, SQL, J2EE, etc.

WSDL,ISO-19119, etc.

UDDI, OGC-Catalog, etc.

WSFL, XLANG, ISO19119

Interoperability Layers Interoperability StandardsInteroperability

DCP

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Importance of Standards and Interoperability (OGC-2001)

A Standards-based Framework is essential to develop a federated network of critical infrastructure information sources.

Interoperability is required for cross-vendor, cross platform information sharing in a distributed environment.

Interoperability is critical to the success of Information and Application Integration as envisioned in all industry segments.

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Cascading Standards Producers

LIOs, LRCsRPCs, State AgenciesWLIB, WLIAANSI, FGDC, NISTACSM, ASCE, ASPRS*Industry / PrivateOGC, W3CIETF, ISO

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Metadata Standards

Dublin Core (DC), DIF, GILS, others Early library index, search, retrieval

FGDC CSDGM v.2 Current Federal, ushered in by WLIA/B

ISO 19115 Internat’l coming 2002 ?

Flexibility, Profiles, Community Support

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Metadata: Informed Entry PointMetadata provides informed context from which to enter into data discovery, evaluation, access, integration, analysis, and developed interoperability.

Information Mngmt. vs. Data Mngmt.

Wisdom

Knowledge

Information

Data

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Partnerships

Clearinghouse (catalog)

Metadata

Framework GEOdata

Standards

National Spatial Data Infrastructure

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Community PartnershipsWISCLINC Clearinghouse, (catalog)

Regional & Local Data Collections

Metadata

Foundational Elements WI.Data

WLIA/WLIP Standards

Wisconsin Spatial Data Scenario

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Metadata Content

Identification Information Naming Conventions, Consistent Citation

Data Quality Information Data Quality standards and statements

Spatial Data Organization Information SDTS, Data Model

Spatial Reference Information EPSG, Definition

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Metadata Content (Continued)

Entity and Attribute Information Data Model, Data Dictionary, Codesets

Distribution Information Formats, Protocols, Restrictions, Services

Metadata Reference Information Access Point, Liability,

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Data Integration Issues

Components of Data Quality

Data Currency

Format Conversion

Map Projections and Transformations

Dimension Change

Geocoding vs. Georeferencing

Living with Error and Uncertainty

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Future Outlook…

Trends in GIS/IT standards Concensus efforts

Public/ Private consortia efforts

Speed of implementation parallel to technology

Approach to Standards Integration Awareness, Evaluation, Foresight, Commitment, Utilization

March 13, 2002 WLIA Annual Conf. 2002

Further Information

Questions ??AJ Wortley

State Cartographer’s Office

608/265-8106

aj@geography.wisc.edu

http://www.geography.wisc.edu/sco/

http://wisclinc.state.wi.us/