The Africa-EU Partnership 2 UNIONS, 1 VISION · 2014. 9. 5. · shared long-term vision for...

2 UNIONS, 1 VISIONThe Africa-EU Partnership

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2 UNIONS, 1 VISION

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CONTENTS

FOREWORD - Two Unions, One Vision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

INTRODUCTION - The Africa-EU Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Peace and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Democratic Governance and Human Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Trade, Regional Integration and Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Climate Change and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Migration, Mobility and Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Science, Information Society and Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Towards the 4th Africa-EU Summit 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TWO UNIONS, ONE VISION - THE AFRICA-EU PARTNERSHIP 3


4 TWO UNIONS, ONE VISION - THE AFRICA-EU PARTNERSHIP

F O R EWO R D

Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, Chairperson of the African Union Commission

We recognise the important role our ‘all weather friends’ particularly the European

Union have played in our pursuit to meet AU goals and objectives.

As we forge our AU-EU relationship in this global arena, there is need to give a bal-

ance between the issues of Peace and Security and Development as both are two sides

of the same coin. It is also our aim that the critical aspect of Institution and capac-

ity building within the AU institutions can and should be a top-priority and as such,

receive the needed attention within the Partnership framework.

As Chairperson of the African Union Commission, I wish to echo the sentiment of my

patriots who gathered in Lisbon in 2007, when this important Joint Africa-EU Strategy

was fi rst sanctioned.

‘We are resolved to build a new strategic political partnership for the future, overcom-

ing the traditional donor-recipient relationship and building on common values and

goals in our pursuit...... We are determined to give this new strategic partnership the

necessary means and instruments that will enable it to fulfi l the Joint Strategy and the

Action Plan...’

It is my resolve that, I will do everything within my powers to ensure this becomes a

reality. I am poised that with the creation of the Pan African Programme, we will have

a dedicated instrument that can look at making this a reality.

Two Unions, One Future



Jose-Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission

“Relations between the European Union and Africa rank fi rst among the EU’s top

political priorities. Both continents are bound by strong ties of friendship and inter-

connected future.

Tackling the complex challenges in Mali and the Sahel illustrates the ability and the

will of the international community and particularly Africa and the EU to face con-

temporary threats to peace and security.

While acknowledging the imperative to build and strengthen peace, our partnership

reaches beyond security and crisis. Our cooperation opens a window of opportunity

for enhanced collaboration on our common priorities, such as the achievement of the

Millennium Development Goals or securing a Global agreement on climate change.

Europe remains strongly committed to the economic and social development of

African countries and will continue to promote growth through increased trade and

investment. Africa’s potential for economic operations is indeed immense.

As strategic partners, we need to further nourish a shared vision for future Africa-EU

relations and adapt to new challenges facing our continents by providing shared

answers to the big questions of our times.”



In an ever changing world, one thing is sure: Africa and

Europe will remain each other’s closest neighbour. Afri-

ca’s 54 countries and the European Union’s soon-to-be

28 member states have a shared neighbourhood, his-

tory and future. It was in this spirit that Africa and Europe

came together at the Lisbon Summit in December 2007

to create the Africa-EU Partnership, based upon a strong

political relationship and close cooperation in all areas.

The Partnership aims to bridge the development divide

between Africa and Europe through closer economic

cooperation and the promotion of inclusive and sustaina-

ble development in both continents, living side by side in

peace, security, prosperity, solidarity and human dignity.

Africa – EU cooperation is based on shared values aiming

at promoting common interests and achieving shared

strategic objectives.

Since the Lisbon Summit, the world has seen further mas-

sive changes, notably the global fi nancial crisis and the

Arab Spring, which have left their mark on both Africa

and Europe. The two continents now face the challenge of

building sustainable economic growth and ensuring that it

is inclusive in creating the jobs needed by citizens of both

continents, particularly women and youth, and that it is

consistent with the principles of a green economy.

For both Africa and Europe, sustainable and inclusive

growth requires coordinated action at continental,

regional and national levels. The two Unions aim at ensur-

ing that the continent wide policies and programmes

which they pursue support continental growth eff ec-

tively. Full ownership and commitment is essential from

Head of States and Governments at continental, regional

and local levels. Civil society, in particular the private sec-

tor and social partners are key engines in driving growth

forward.

In this set up, both sides are determined to overcome the

traditional donor-recipient relationship, and to develop a

shared long-term vision for EU-Africa relations in a glo-

balised world, where they play a major role on issues

such as climate change or global security.

The Joint Strategy has until now focussed on eight areas

of cooperation:

1. Peace and Security,

2. Democratic Governance and Human Rights,

3. Trade, Regional Integration and Infrastructure,

4. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),

5. Energy,

6. Climate Change and Environment,

7. Migration, Mobility and Employment,

8. Science, Information Society and Space.

The Africa-EU Partnership has steadily gained momen-

tum, delivering solid results across a number of key

areas. The African and European continents are working

particularly closely in the area of peace and security to

strengthen Africa’s capacity to prevent and resolve cri-

sis situations and maintain peace. Major programmes in

agriculture and rural development, infrastructure and

energy, environment, research and development and

student mobility are being implemented. The two conti-

nents have also reinforced cooperation on global issues

such as climate change and counter terrorism.

Concrete results have been achieved both at the political

and operational levels. The following sections provide a

few meaningful examples of activities and outcomes in

the main areas of the continent-to-continent partnership.

This is by no means an exhaustive list of achievements but

rather an illustration of progress achieved so far.

It has also to be underlined that this level of Africa-EU

cooperation overarches all other existing channels of

cooperation at national, regional and local level.

Obviously much remains to be done and the new African,

European and global contexts may call for a review of pri-

orities. However the experience so far is encouraging and

must inform future initiatives. This in turn calls for a com-

mon eff ort to improve the information and communica-

tion around the Partnership and its value added.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

The Africa-EU Partnership



Peace and Security

Peace and Security are necessary conditions to ensure

progress and sustainable development. Under the lead-

ership of the African Union, Africa has intensifi ed its

eff orts to prevent, manage and resolve confl icts.

In this respect, the partnership on peace and security

pursues three specifi c objectives:– Enhancing the political dialogue on peace

and security;

– Operationalizing the Africa Peace and Security

Architecture (APSA), and;

– Ensuring predictable funding for African-led peace

support operations.

The key EU fi nancial instrument to support the Peace and

Security partnership is the African Peace Facility (APF).

The APF was established at the request of African leaders

at the African Union Maputo Summit in 2003. Through

this instrument, the EU places itself at the forefront of the

international support to the African Peace and Security

Agenda. More concretely, EU eff orts consist in providing

political backing as well as predictable resources to Afri-

can Peace Support Operations (PSOs), capacity-building

activities as well as mediation activities at both continen-

tal and regional levels.

A few deliverables and achievementsSince 2004, the EU has committed more than € 1 billion

through the African Peace Facility for Africa-led peace

support operations and the operationalization of the

African Peace and Security Architecture.

African-led Peace Support Operations

Africa has often been adversely aff ected by severe politi-

cal crises and violent confl icts. If focus is set on the year

2013 only, war and political unrest are shaking countries

such as the Central African Republic, the Democratic

Republic of Congo, Mali and Somalia.

Through the African Peace Facility (APF), the EU is cur-

rently supporting Peace support operations in three

fragile African countries.



The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)

For many years, Somalia has been exposed to civil war

and waves of violence involving various groups fi ghting

for power. In 2007, the African Union Mission in Soma-

lia (AMISOM) was authorised by the Peace and Security

Council of the African Union which aimed at restoring

peace and security in the country.

The EU has supported AMISOM continuously since the

start of the operation. So far, the EU committed more

than € 440 million, mainly to cover for allowances, opera-

tional running costs, transportation, medical expenses,

housing, fuel, and communication equipment.

The force strength authorized by the UN Security Council

is 17.731 uniformed personnel. Currently, around 17.000

troops, mainly from Uganda, Burundi, Djibouti, Kenya and

Sierra Leone, are deployed in Southern and Central Somalia.

In coordination with the Security Forces of the Federal

Government of Somalia AMISOM seeks to reduce the

threat posed by Al–Shabaab armed opposition groups

and to create the necessary security conditions for the

provision of humanitarian assistance. The mission is also

designed to support dialogue and reconciliation as well

as to provide protection to the Federal Government of

Somalia and to key infrastructures. Moreover, it supports

the implementation of the Somali national security plans.

AMISOM is thus considered to play an important role in

creating the necessary security environment to support

the political peace process in Somalia.

The African-led International Support Mission to Mali (AFISMA)

For the past year, Mali has been mired in a severe secu-

rity, political, and humanitarian crisis. Islamist extremist

groups overran Mali’s three largest northern cities – Kidal,

Gao and Timbuktu. In March 2012 a coup d’état had

overthrew Mali’s democratically elected government. A

French military intervention succeeded in driving out the

insurgents but troops are progressively withdrawn while

security challenges remain.

In response to the need for restoring security and territo-

rial integrity in the country, The African-led International

Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA), has been authorised

by the United Nations Security Council in December

2012. AFISMA is led by the African Union and the Eco-

nomic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). It

will contribute to reduce the threat from armed terrorist

and criminal groups and to protect the population. At the

beginning of April 2013, over 6,000 African troops had

been deployed in Mali.



The EU is committed to support and contribute to the

stabilisation process in Mali at the political, developmen-

tal, security and humanitarian levels. It is in this context

that the EU allocated €50 million from the APF to support

the deployment of AFISMA through ECOWAS.

Most of the funding will cover allowances for the troops

and offi cers, while military equipment, weapons or

ammunitions will not be covered by these funds. In addi-

tion, technical assistance will be provided to strengthen

ECOWAS’s capacities in the fi nancial management of

peace support operations such as AFISMA.

Through the implementation of its Sahel strategy, the EU

remains committed to support African eff orts in terms of

political and security cooperation which respond to the

complex challenges in Mali and in the region.

Strengthening capacities of African partners

The EU supports the African Peace & Security Architecture

(APSA) to enhance continental and regional capabilities for

the prevention, management and resolution of confl ict.

APSA was set up by the AU and African Regional Eco-

nomic Communities (RECs) as a structural, long-term

response to the peace and security challenges on the

African continent.

EU-funded capacity building programmes aim at increas-

ing the effi ciency and eff ectiveness of the African Union

and of other African regional organizations.

A number of these are currently being implemented

focusing on each of the main APSA elements such as the

African Stand-by Force and the Continental Early Warning

System.

For instance, the setup of Regional Economic Communities’

liaison offi ces to the African Union in Addis Ababa (Ethio-

pia) substantially enhanced the dialogue between the AU

and the RECs having a mandate in peace and security.

The EU also continues to engage in dialogue with the

AU Commission on a full range of cross-cutting issues of

peace and security including:

– mediation,

– security sector reform (SSR),

– disarmament; demobilisation and reintegration (DDR),

– small arms & light weapons (SALW),

– the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT),

– non-proliferation,

– counter-terrorism, drug control and crime prevention

– the AU border programme

– the African integrated maritime strategy (AIMS 2050)

The African Stand-By Force (ASF)

The ASF is envisaged to be a multidisciplinary force com-

posed of military, civilian and police components. In total,

fi ve brigade-size standby forces will be regionally put in

place in view of possible deployment in crisis situations.

The troop contributing countries will be responsible for

basic training while regional economic communities and

mechanisms are to ensure the regional coordination of

activities and training. The AUC is responsible for provid-

ing overall guidelines for training, developing standing

operating procedures and certifying the forces. The ASF is

scheduled to become fully operational by 2015.

The European Union’s ‘African Peace and Security Archi-

tecture’ programme supports the building of capacity

inter alia towards the operationalization of the ASF. Fur-

thermore, the European Union’s ‘African Training Centres

in Peace and Security’ programme supports the develop-

ment of training capacity and policy for the ASF.

In addition, the EU provides assistance to AMANI AFRICA

II, a training and exercise cycle on the decision-making,

management and deployment of the ASF.

Support to activities dealing with strategic lift, commu-

nications and logistics is also envisaged which would

respond to the long-term need to build a range of sus-

tainable capabilities for the ASF. In this context, the EU

is currently supporting an assessment of the progress

towards operational readiness of the ASF.



Democratic Governance and Human Rights

The Joint Africa-EU Strategy identifi es Democratic Gov-

ernance and Human Rights as a priority for dialogue

and joint actions. Africa and the EU share common val-

ues and believe that democracy can only be attained

through the establishment of strong accountable insti-

tutions as well as an active and organised civil society.

In Africa, this implies building a robust African Gov-

ernance Architecture covering the whole spectrum of

human rights.

The partnership also covers cultural cooperation,

whereby both continents promote cultural exchanges

and the protection of cultural goods.

A few deliverables and achievementsThe Africa-EU Platform for Dialogue on Governance and Human Rights

In the run up to the third Africa-EU Summit (2010), Africa

and the EU created a Platform for Dialogue on Govern-

ance and Human Rights to help developing shared gov-

ernance agendas. This inclusive and informal space for

dialogue refl ects the EU-Africa partners’ commitment

to enhance dialogue on Democratic Governance and

Human Rights, with the objective of promoting these val-

ues and strengthening cooperation in this area for tan-

gible improvements in the lives of African and European

citizens. So far, the Platform has allowed the formulation

of shared governance agendas and recommendations

that will feed into political processes in the areas such

as natural resources management as well as freedom of

expression.

The AU-EU Human Rights Dialogue

The EU and the African Union maintain a regular Human

Rights Dialogue since 2008. The latter allows the two

institutions to update each other on regional initiatives,

to discuss sensitive issues and to identify joint activities in

certain areas. The last AU-EU Human Rights Dialogue took

place in November 2012, in Addis Ababa, and focused on

issues of common concern including racism; the right

to development; death penalty; the rights of migrants;

and the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles

on Business and Human Rights. The Dialogue was also

forward looking and identifi ed themes to intensity

our cooperation namely violence against women and

freedom of association.

Supporting the African Governance Architecture

The African Governance Architecture (AGA) is the overall

political and institutional framework for the promotion

of democracy, governance and human rights in Africa.

Establishing the AGA is about strengthening coordina-

tion amongst AU organs and institutions with a formal

mandate in governance, democracy and human rights

s



as a measure of enhancing their capacity and optimizing

their impact. An African Governance Platform has been

launched to coordinate and monitor its implementation.

The EU provides assistance through the African Union

Support Programme to three organs of the AGA, namely

the African Court of Human and People’s Rights, the Afri-

can Commission on Human and People’s Rights and the

Pan African Parliament with the objective to strengthen

their capacities.

An additional milestone in the process of embedding

principles of democracy and rule of law at continental

and national levels is the entry into force – in February

2012 – of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections

and Governance.

African Peer Review Mechanism

Launched in 2003 by the African Union (AU), the African

Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) is a mutually agreed

instrument voluntarily acceded to by the Member States

of the AU as an African self-monitoring mechanism. The

objectives of the APRM are primarily to foster the adop-

tion of policies, standards and practices that lead to polit-

ical stability, high economic growth, sustainable devel-

opment and accelerated sub regional and continental

economic integration. Since 2009 the European Commis-

sion has contributed €2 million to the UNDP-managed

Trust Fund to support the APRM Secretariat.

Cultural cooperation

ART AT WORK

Culture and creativity are important tools to foster development. Th e European Commission – in collaboration with the African Union and BOZAR Brussels – launched a multi-disciplinary cultural project entitled ‘Visionary Africa: Art at Work’. From Ouagadougou in 2011, the project travelled to Addis-Ababa, Cairo, Harare, Bujum-bura and Kampala.

A joint EU-AU photo contest was also organised as a way to raise awareness of the Africa-EU part-nership. Th e ‘African Beauty’ photography com-petition appealed to professional Africa-based photographers. A selection of entries was exhib-ited during the January 2011 African Union Summit in Addis Ababa.

In addition, in partnership with the AU Com-mission, the EU supported the trans-African photography project “Th e Invisible Borders” to showcase an exhibition at the AUC premises. Th e exhibition was also promoted through Th e Afr ican Union Border Programme.



Trade, Regional integration and Infrastructure

Europe and Africa have both chosen the route of regional

integration to facilitate peace, stability and economic

growth. Regional Integration, Trade and Investment are

vectors of economic stability and inclusive and sustain-

able growth. Well integrated regional markets with effi -

cient infrastructure will attract investment and facilitate

business, enhance employment creation and revenues

as well as enhance access to improved quality goods and

services.

A few deliverables and achievements

Regional Integration, Trade and Investment

Exchange of experiences on regional integration

Africa and the EU are actively engaged in dialogue on

their respective experiences in the area of economic

regional integration and the creation and governance of

regional common markets, as well as on Africa’s integra-

tion into the global economy. Joint experience sharing

workshops have already addressed issues related to the

challenge of integrating several sovereign States’ econo-

mies into a common market, reaching out to related

issues such as technical standards and norms, competi-

tion laws and enforcement, and public procurement.

These aim to help the African Union Commission, Afri-

can regional organizations and their respective Member

States in their eff orts to boost intra-African trade, a com-

plementary action to the constitution of the Continental

Free Trade Area.

Customs and trade facilitation

Effi cient customs administrations and trade facilitation

reforms are important contributors to successful regional

integration. Resources for technical assistance to Africa

in the area of customs cooperation and trade facilitation

are made available identifi ed through the Joint Africa-

EU Strategic Partnership and also made available under

the umbrella of EU Aid for Trade continental or regional

activities. Trade facilitation measures have the potential

to bring great benefi ts for governments, the private sec-

tor and citizens are expected to arise in terms of GDP

growth and increased intra African trade, particularly in

manufactured goods. The fi rst AU-EU Forum on customs

and trade facilitation took place in December 2012.

Support to African

Quality Infrastructure

A € 15 million programme in the area of techni-cal barriers to trade became operational in March 2013. It will improve the competitiveness and diversifi cation of African agriculture and indus-try by strengthening African capacities in the area of rules, standards and quality control.

Boosting productive capacities and investment climate

Africa recognizes the increasing importance of attract-

ing investments, which is vital in advancing productive

capacity, employment creation and economic transfor-

mation.

The EU, in close cooperation with the United Nations

Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), is therefore

supporting the African Union in the implementation of the

Accelerated Industrial Development of Africa (AIDA) ini-

tiative. This includes a Regional Programme for Investment

Promotion in Africa off ering details of some 7000 domestic

and foreign companies active in 19 African countries.

In line with the Partnership priority to improve the invest-

ment climate in Africa, the EU is supporting a study on

the elaboration of a Pan-African Investment Code. The

latter will provide common guidelines to simplify invest-

ment-related legislation on the basis of existing best

practices at national and regional levels in Africa.



Moreover, the EU’s support to African governance of

natural resources, in particular minerals, will help linking

extractive industries to productive value chains, increase

revenue transparency and enhance geological knowl-

edge and skills, in accordance with the Extractive Indus-

tries Transparency Initiative and the African Mining Vision.

Statistics

A common concern of African policy makers, investors

and donors is the lack of consistent, reliable, and timely

information on the economic, political and social

development on the continent. To address this challenge,

the services of the European and the African Commission

have cooperated to produce and disseminate harmonised

statistics in Africa. A good example is the joint publication

of the AU-EU Statistical Yearbook.

Infrastructure

The development of infrastructure is a crucial precondition

for regional integration. Therefore, the two Unions cooper-

ate and conduct dialogue to increase European and African

investment in infrastructure and related services.

The Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa

The EU provides assistance to the Programme for Infra-

structure Development in Africa (PIDA). This continent-

wide program contributes to the development of regional

and continental infrastructure in transport, energy, trans-

boundary water and ICT sectors. It responds to the sig-

nifi cant defi cit of African infrastructure which hampers

the economic and social development on the continent.

The Africa-EU Infrastructure Trust Fund

The Africa-EU Infrastructure Trust Fund (AITF) is an exam-

ple of the EU’s commitment to attract investors from the

private sector to fund common projects. It blends grants

from the EU with loans from other investors for projects

in the area of infrastructure. To date, AITF has awarded

over 80 grants to infrastructure projects that represent a

total value of over € 6.5 billion in the investment phase.

Each Euro of AITF grant funding is estimated to generate

€ 12 in total investments. Recent examples include the

Geothermal Risk Mitigation Facility in Central and East

Africa, the Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation projects in

Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, the CLSG Power Intercon-

nector in Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea as

well as the Kampala bypass in Uganda. Moreover, in the

fi eld of transport, Africa and the EU pursue interconnec-

tivity across regions by promoting safe trans-boundary

transport corridors and harmonized transport policies.

Finally, the aim of the project “Support to transport

sector development” (€4Mio) is to contribute to Africa

wide capacity to regulate, organize, promote and fi nance

improved inter regional and continental transport

infrastructure and services through interconnectivity

across regions by promoting safe trans-boundary

transport corridors and harmonized transport policies.



The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

The EU makes its satellite technology available to support

the air transport sector in Africa. More than € 18 million

have been committed towards the extension of the Euro-

pean Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS)

to Africa. EGNOS is a satellite system that increases the

accuracy of the GPS signal. Its services will unlock rural

areas by opening small rural airports to safe navigation,

and have many potentialities in other sectors such as rail

and inland water transport, cartography, cadastre, track-

ing of containers, energy and mining.

The Africa-EU Strategic Partnership on Water Aff airs and Sanitation

The Africa-EU Strategic Partnership on Water Aff airs and

Sanitation aims at improving the management of water

resources in Africa. Cooperation focuses on facilitating

access to water supply and sanitation and on enhanc-

ing policy dialogue at continental level. For instance, the

project “Support to the AUC and the African Ministers’

Council on Water (AMCOW) on trans-boundary water

resources management” contributes to strengthen conti-

nental policy in this sector.

Agriculture and sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures

In Africa, the livelihoods of about 60 % of the population

depend on agriculture. And yet, on the continent, this cru-

cial sector is strewn with various pitfalls such as the lack of

access to land and resources, poor access to markets, deg-

radation of natural resources as well as low investment in

agricultural research, training and extension services.

The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)

The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Pro-

gramme (CAADP) is an initiative – jointly put in place by

the African Union Commission and the New Partnership

for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) Agency – to achieve

agricultural-led development in Africa. The EU is contrib-

uting to a multi-donor trust fund which aims at enabling

these AU institutions to lead the CAADP process in close

coordination with the regional economic communities.

The implementation at national level shows signifi cant

achievements. These include the strengthened capacity

of AU Member States to develop and implement CAADP-

based Agriculture and Food Security Investment Plans as

well as to coordinate policy development and harmonisa-

tion for eff ective design and implementation of country

policies, strategies and plans. Apart from that, the fund-

ing and alignment to country agricultural development

priorities by development partners has been increased

while strong and credible partnerships for increased

investments in agriculture have been created.

Sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures

Furthermore, both Unions are joining forces to

strengthen capacities and develop common principles in

the area of sanitary and phyto-sanitary rules, standards

and quality control at the regional and pan-African level.

These aspects are of key importance to produce healthy

plants and livestock, ensure consumers’ health and sup-

port regional trade and export of agricultural and fi shery

products to world markets. A reference framework and

guidelines for harmonisation of the management of food

hygiene was adopted in January 2011 by the Summit of

African Heads of State and Government in Addis Ababa.

The framework is currently being domesticated and

applied by African Regional Economic Communities.

Cooperation on sustainable agriculture

The EU has also contributed to enhance the role of sus-

tainable agriculture in Africa through workshops and

consultations. The EU thus promotes agricultural prac-

tices and technologies which are environmentally sus-

tainable due to effi cient use of natural resources and

which raise and diversify rural incomes. Key areas in this

regard are integrated pest management, soil and water

conservation methods, agro-ecological approaches and

agro-forestry.

Moreover, the development of comprehensive value

chain approaches, for instance through geographical

indications, will help improving income and reducing

vulnerability for producers, particularly smallholder

farmers.



The Millennium Development Goals

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Partnership

constitutes a platform for continent-to-continent policy

dialogue, cooperation and joint action with a view to

achieving the MDGs in all African countries. To reinforce

on-going development cooperation eff orts, President Bar-

roso announced in September 2010 a Millennium Devel-

opment Goals initiative of 1 billion Euros which focuses on

those African, Caribbean and Pacifi c (ACP) countries that

have designed projects of high quality to achieve results

in the areas where progress is most needed: hunger, water

and sanitation, maternal health and child mortality.

A few deliverables and achievementsThe EU continues to enhance food security by support-

ing African agricultural programmes and sectors through

technical guidance and fi nancial support. This assistance

helps to strengthen African agricultural policies and

institutions, such as farmer’s organisations and cotton

producers, to gear eff orts towards the needs of the poor

thereby contributing to eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger (MDG1*).1

* MDG 1: Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger

In the area of health, the EU has supported the strength-

ening of pharmaceutical systems and improved the

access to quality medicines and vaccines in order to

reduce child mortality in many African countries (MDG

4***).2 Moreover, the EU provided fi nancial assistance

to the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation

which prevents premature deaths through its vacci-

nation programme. The EU is also contributing to the

Global Fund to combat AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

(MDG 6****). Within this framework the EU has provided

antiretroviral combination therapy to people with HIV

infection and access to insecticide-treated nets.

Africa and the EU are joining eff orts in the fi eld of educa-

tion by supporting the Association for the Development

of Education in Africa. This forum for policy dialogue

between governments and development agencies allows

for sharing experience and lessons learnt in order to iden-

tify best practices and innovative policies in the African

education sector. Apart from that, the EU has contributed

to the Education for All Fast Track Initiative Fund which

aims to achieve a free, universal primary education in

low-income countries (MDG 2**).4

** MDG 2: Achieving universal primary education

*** MDG 4: Reducing child mortality **** MDG 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases



Energy

A major challenge of the 21st century for both Africa and

Europe is to ensure a reliable energy supply meeting our

needs.

Under the framework of their cooperation, Africa and

Europe therefore share their know-how, connect their

resources, adjust their common interests and couple

their policies to deal with energy challenges hand in

hand.

More specifi cally, the Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP)

seeks to achieve improved access to reliable, secure,

aff ordable, cost-eff ective, climate-friendly and sustain-

able energy services for both continents, with a special

focus on achieving the MDGs in Africa.

A few deliverables and achievementsEndorsement of the High-level Declaration on energy-related political targets

At the occasion of the First High-level meeting of the

Partnership (Vienna 14-15 September 2010), over 300

participants including ministers, ambassadors, commis-

sioners, academics, business leaders and members of

the civil society from across Africa and Europe endorsed

the High-level Meeting Declaration containing Political

Targets to be achieved by 2020.

Such targets set by the Declaration are described as

follows:

– Bringing access to modern and sustainable energy

services to at least an additional 100 million Africans;

– Building 10,000 MW of new hydropower facilities, at

least 5,000 MW of wind power capacity, and 500 MW

of all forms of solar energy capacity, as well as tripling

the capacity of other renewables;

– Improving energy effi ciency in Africa in all sectors;

– Increasing electricity interconnections both within

Africa and between Africa and the EU;

– doubling the use of natural gas in Africa, as well as

doubling African gas exports to Europe by building

natural gas infrastructure

The AEEP targets have also been instrumental on the

global level in shaping the Sustainable Energy for All Ini-

tiative (SE4ALL), launched by the UN in 2012.

To follow progress on these targets, the Partnership is

undertaking a continuous monitoring and reporting

exercise that tracks achievements against the baseline

year of 2010 when the objectives were set.

The Second High-Level Meeting is foreseen to take place

in late 2013 ahead of the 4th EU-Africa Summit. At this

occasion, results of the partnership are to be presented

and the new AEEP 2030 targets are expected to be

adopted to enable the launch of a new set of activities.

Moreover, synergies and effi ciency of energy cooperation

and project preparation will be discussed.

AEEP stakeholder involvement – Forging partnerships at various levels

The AEEP has started a unique process of facilitating part-

nerships between African and European business actors,

academia, and NGOs. During the First AEEP Stakeholder

Forum in 2012 (Cape Town, South Africa), the active inclu-

sion and engagement of these stakeholders groups has

started at continental and regional level.

The Forum aimed at assessing progress on the AEEP

2020 targets in the fi elds of renewable energy, energy

effi ciency and energy access as well as energy security.

The Forum brought together over 250 representatives

from government, civil society, research and the pri-

vate sector, including fi nancial institutions, to explore,

among other issues, how to enhance synergies among

diff erent stakeholder groups and address barriers to

increased investment and development assistance in

the energy sector. Nine thematic parallel sessions and

several high level plenary panels tackled issues ranging

from large-scale energy infrastructure and private sec-

tor fi nance for renewable energy in Africa to bioenergy

for the 21st century.



Initiatives at the continental level have subsequently pro-

vided a basis for concrete actions at the national level. At

the Uganda Energy Business Dialogue, for example, the

AEEP has facilitated business partnerships during a local

event bringing together public and private sector actors.

Not only have these groups advanced on their coopera-

tion in the energy sector, but, importantly, various busi-

ness-to-business links have been established. Similar

national events are scheduled for 2013 for example in

Djibouti and Ghana.

Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme (RECP)

Since its launch at the High-Level Meeting in Vienna in 2010, the Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme (RECP) has been supporting African governments and regional organisations to develop their renewable energy markets.

Initiatives at the regional level in West Africa subsequently provided a basis for concrete actions at the national level. With support from the RECP, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Effi ciency was able to develop a Regional Renewable Energy Policy. Th is policy was adopted in 2012 by ECOWAS Ministers and is now translated into national policies. Once this new framework is established in various ECOWAS countries, market actors will gain more confi dence thanks to stable, political, regulatory, and legal conditions – a necessity for renewable energy market development and increased investment into the renewable energy sector.

RECP developing Regional Renewable Energy Policy, e.g. in ECOWAS

National Policies developed, increasing confi dence for private sector actors

Increased renewable energy investments in countries

In addition to these policy advisory services provided to African governments, activities in the area of voca-tional training and higher education will be launched in order to support the development of the next genera-tion of energy professionals in Africa.



Climate change and Environment

Climate change is a global issue of serious concern for

all countries, in particular Least Developed and other

vulnerable developing countries and regions that are

expected to be the most adversely hit. Africa will be

mainly aff ected in terms of food security, sustainable

water supply and extreme weather phenomena such as

fl oods, droughts and desertifi cation.

In addressing the issues of climate change and environ-

ment, Africa and the EU engaged in a partnership pro-

viding for dialogue, cooperation and exchange on con-

crete actions. This forum allows for the development of

a shared Africa-EU vision, with close links to the Global

Climate Change Alliance1.

The partnership two overarching priority actions are:

– Building a common agenda on climate change poli-

cies and cooperation;

– Addressing land degradation and increasing aridity,

including through the Great Green Wall for the Sahel

and Sahara Initiative.

Among priority areas covered under the partnership,

progress achieved includes following aspects:

– Enhanced political dialogue and cooperation, mainly

under the EU Global Climate Change Alliance

– Reinforcement of African Negotiators’ capaci–

ties in international climate negotiations

– Sustainable land management, fi ght against deserti-

fi cation and avoiding deforestation.

A few deliverables and achievementsClim-Dev Africa

Clim-Dev Africa is a joint initiative of the African Develop-

ment Bank, the Commission of the African Union and the

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. It aims at

wide dissemination of accurate climate information to sup-

port policy making in Africa, with a view to mainstreaming

climate change into development plans on the continent.

Clim-Dev also facilitates Africa’s contribution to the nego-

tiation process on the post-2012 climate agreement

1 Th e Global Climate Change Alliance is a programme through

which the European Union and the most vulnerable Develop-

ing Countries are working together to tackle climate change).

through analytical studies, consultative workshops and

support for the development of a common African posi-

tion on climate issues.

The EU is supporting this initiative with an amount of

€ 8 million and therefore assists its African partners in

addressing climate change and environment challenges.

More particularly, Clim-Dev Africa facilitates the devel-

opment of policies, practices, services, observation net-

works and communication with African stakeholders.

EU support allowed for the set-up of the African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC) in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) in 2012.

ACPC aspires to be a hub for demand-led knowledge

generation on climate change in Africa. Most of its activi-

ties focus on advocacy services, capacity development,

technical cooperation and knowledge sharing.

Initiatives from the ACPC and the AUC include training

programmes for African Climate Change and desertifi -

cation negotiators, training programmes on sustainable

development for the Regional Economic Communities

(RECs), dissemination of policy recommendations and

the creation of a Fellowship Programme to support sub-

regional work programmes on climate change.



Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative

Th is initiative is an unprecedented Africa-led project focusing on the Saharan and Sahelian dry land ecosystems and the reduction of local com-munities’ vulnerability to climate change, climate variability, land degradation and drought. Th e fi rst step towards a more integrated landscape approach to the Great Green Wall concept was set with the adoption of a harmonized strategy at the AU Summit in January 2013 with a view to: – Improving the living conditions of populations

in African arid zones and reducing their vul-nerability to climate change, climate variability and drought

– Improving the health of ecosystems in the arid zones of Africa and their resilience to climate change, climate variability and drought

– Mobilizing resources for the implementation of the Great Green Wall Initiative through the establishment of effi cient partnerships between international and national actors.

In collaboration with the EU, the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) and the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertifi cation (GM-UNCCD), the African Union Commis-sion works with 13 African countries** on the development of national actions plans and pro-ject portfolios at country and cross-border levels.

** Partner countries are Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad,

Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Mali,

Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and the Sudan.

Enhancing disaster management

The EU, the ACP Group and the AUC are working on the

formulation of a comprehensive disaster resilience pro-

gramme for African sub-regions, countries and communi-

ties. The programme will support the implementation of

the African Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Plan of Action

and promote a strong intra-regional approach to DRR.

The idea behind is to better understand risks for eff ective

early warnings and more informed decision-making on

recovery, reconstruction and ultimately on future devel-

opment planning and fi nancing. Meanwhile, all aspects

of disaster risk management will be taken into account,

namely risk assessment, prevention, preparedness and

mitigation.



Migration, Mobility and Employment

Migration, mobility and employment are elements that

can play an important role in development if addressed

in a balanced and comprehensive way. This partnership

therefore focusses on creating more and better jobs for

Africa, on facilitating mobility and free movement of peo-

ple in Africa and the EU. At the same time, it aims at better

managing legal migration and refugee fl ows, on the con-

ditions of and access to employment while fi nding con-

crete solutions to problems posed by irregular migration.

A few deliverables and achievementsThe African Institute for Remittances (AIR)

The AIR was created under the leadership of the AU in

close coordination with the European Commission, the

Word Bank, the African Development Bank and the Inter-

national Organisation for Migration. Its main purpose is

to strengthen capacities of African governments, banks,

remittance senders and recipients enabling them to

make better use of remittances as development tools for

poverty reduction. This will result in a more effi cient and

safer remittances’ transfer system.

The Observatory on Migration

The Observatory on Migration has been established to

collect, analyse and produce reliable and harmonized

data on South-South migration fl ows between ACP1

countries. These data serve to inform migrants, civil soci-

ety and policy-makers as well as to enhance research

capacities in ACP countries for improving the situation of

migrants and for strengthening the migration-develop-

ment nexus. It will also help to design policies which con-

sider migration as an element of development in twelve

ACP pilot countries of which 9 are in Africa2.

The Nyerere Programme

This initiative aims at contributing to the generation

and retention of high-level African human resources

with Masters and PhD degrees in key areas relevant to

1 ACP : Africa, Caribbean and Pacifi c

2 Angola, Cameroon, DR Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria,

Senegal, Lesotho and Tanzania



Africa’s social and economic development by enhanc-

ing academic and student mobility within Africa and

contribute to capacity-building. Following two calls for

Intra-Africa mobility, 8 university networks involving 67

partners from 29 African countries were selected and are

in the process of organizing academic mobility across the

continent. The third call for applications was launched in

February 2013. These calls are managed by the Educa-

tion, Audio-visual and Culture Executive Agency of the

EU whereas the AUC will take over for the next phases of

the mobility scheme.

The African Higher Education Harmonization and Tuning initiative

The objective of this initiative is to further strengthen the

cooperation between the EU and African Higher Educa-

tion Areas, to address the key features of the African

Higher Education Harmonisation Strategy and to enable

closer ties between higher education policy makers.

Acknowledging that the African Union Commission has

embarked on a process of promoting quality assurance

and has developed a framework for harmonization of

higher education programmes in Africa, the EU is shar-

ing its experience of ‘Tuning’ with its African partners. The

potential contribution of the “Tuning Educational Struc-

tures and Programmes” methodology as an instrument

for implementing parts of the African harmonization

agenda was recognized by stakeholders on both conti-

nents and a pilot initiative involving 60 universities across

Africa in 5 subject areas has just been com pleted. Work is

now underway to consolidate and validate the outcomes

and to prepare for a full scale initiative in 2014.

The Pan-African University: An African network ofhigh-level academic institutions

Th e Pan-African University (PAU) has been launched in 2010 as a network of African uni-versities. Five specialized regional hubs are being established with the support of various partners. Th e objective of the PAU is to develop and retain world-class human resources in areas essential to Africa’s development, by stimulating funda-mental and applied research in those key areas. Besides, it also seeks to support institutional capacity-building to enhance global competitive-ness of African higher education institutions. Th e PAU is structured as a network of high-qual-ity African universities. Five regional thematic networks will be established, each concentrating and specialising on specifi c academic domains, and coordinated by a regional hub. Each region will host one thematic hub, whereas each hub will be linked to “satellite campuses” located in various African countries. Eventually, the Pan African University will include up to 55 African institutions.Th e EU welcomes initiatives such as the PAU and is fostering student mobility and twinning part-nerships among higher education institutions in Europe and Africa through programmes such as Erasmus Mundus, Tempus and EDULINK.



Science, Information Society and Space

Over the past few years, scientifi c research, technology

and innovation have become key transformational forces.

Meanwhile, the scientifi c and digital divides in Africa are

hindering the continent’s full participation in today’s

globalized knowledge society.

Actions under this partnership aim at leveraging faster

inclusive and sustainable economic growth and social

development in Africa. The resulting knowledge-gen-

erating economy will help address more effi ciently the

major common problems and global challenges, and will

be able to compete more eff ectively.

A few deliverables and achievementsThe Africa-EU High Level Policy Dialogue on Science, Technology and Innovation

Scientifi c and technological cooperation, coordina-

tion and political dialogue within this partnership has

been reinforced, as evidenced by the fi rst Africa-EU

High Level Policy Dialogue on Science, Technology and

Innovation held in Addis Ababa on 10-11 October 2011.

Currently underway is the development of a multi-

annual roadmap of Africa-EU cooperation on science,

technology and innovation; a study is being undertaken

to map best-practice on regional and multi-country

cooperative STI initiatives and identify eff ective fi nan-

cial mechanisms.

Research Programmes

The African Union Research Grants Programme, part

of the ACP Research for Sustainable Development Pro-

gram, was successfully launched to support collabora-

tive research, bringing together researchers from dif-

ferent African countries and in few cases also Europe to

implement the priorities of the African Union Science

& Technology policy. The EU contribution of €14 mil-

lion enabled the African Union Commission to design

and launch two successive €7 million Calls for Propos-

als to support research in post-harvest agriculture;

renewable and sustainable energy, water and sanita-

tion. Twenty lead institutions benefi ted from this pro-

gramme.

A similar programme, the ACP Science & Technology

programme (€23 million), is managed by the ACP

Secretariat. Under this programme, a Call for Proposals in

the areas of agriculture, food security as well as energy

access and effi ciency was launched.

Of all regions outside the EU benefi tting from the EU’s

Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7)

Africa ranks fi rst in terms of participation. FP 7 has funded

some 400 cooperative research projects, with almost

1000 participants from 42 African countries.

In addition, Marie Curie fellowships were off ered to

some 400 African and European fellows at research

institutions in both continents. The European Research

Council allocated 5 highly competitive grants to African

researchers.

Two platforms funded by the seventh Framework Pro-

gramme for Research (FP7) are bringing together a large

number of European and African participants: ERAfrica,

the fi rst initiative to jointly fund collaborative research

projects in the areas of renewable energy, interfacing

challenges and idea driven research; CAAST-Net Plus, the

Network for the Coordination and Advancement of Sub-

Saharan Africa-EU Science & Technology Cooperation

aiming at reinforcing cooperation on science technology

between Africa and Europe to help both regions to bet-

ter tackle global challenges of health, food security and

climate change



The Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) and Africa initiative

The GMES and Africa initiative is being developed to

ensure a more coherent and strategic approach in the

implementation of space related activities at the conti-

nental level. The objective of this initiative is to position

Africa to fully benefi t from the progress in Space Earth

Observation Science. In particular, it aims at strengthen-

ing capacities and developing infrastructure for exploi-

tation by African users of Earth Observation (space and

in-situ) data, technologies and services in support of

environmental policies for sustainable development in

Africa. Thanks to the JAES Support Mechanism and to

the Bridging Actions for GMES and Africa (BRAGMA) pro-

ject, several workshops are being organised, the ultimate

goal being the approval of the GMES and Africa action

plan in South Africa before the fourth Africa-EU Summit

One of the major building blocks of the GMES and Africa

initiative is the Monitoring for Environment and Security

in Africa (MESA) project. This project builds on investment

made under AMESD and provides powerful decision sup-

port tools for natural resources management as well as

environmental and security monitoring and communica-

tion to support economic transformation, the achieve-

ment of the MDGs and sustainable development on the

continent. EU contribution to MESA is € 37 million.

‘Connecting Research Communities across Africa’

Th e Africa Connect Project aims to establish a high-capacity Internet network for research and education in Eastern and Southern Africa to pro-vide the region with a gateway to global research collaboration. Th e implementation phase of the project – launched at the 2012 Africa-EU cooperation Forum on ICT (November 2012) – will expand the existing network to many more countries of the region. Th is extended, more resilient and secure high-speed network off ers greater connectivity between African countries, as well as high-speed links to the pan-European GEANT* network. As a result, Africa Connect will dramatically accelerate the development of the information society in Africa, providing advanced data communications infrastructure and enabling increased collaboration between African researchers in advanced international (research) projects.

* GEANT is the pan-European data network con-necting the research and education community across 40 countries



Towards the 4th Africa-EU Summit 2014

Many tangible results have been achieved in the fi elds

covered by the Joint Africa-EU Strategy (JAES). The inter-

national situation and EU-Africa relations are constantly

evolving, presenting new challenges and opportunities.

Much remains to be done at the political and operational

level in the run-up to the Africa-EU Summit in 2014, and

both partners need to defi ne the priorities of their coop-

eration in the years to come.

By introducing the Agenda for Change and reconceptu-

alising its development policy, the EU is putting greater

emphasis on democratic governance, private sector

development, and inclusive and sustainable growth

while pursuing a more focused and results-oriented

approach. Meanwhile, the AU will celebrate 50 years of

continental integration in May 2013, and has embarked

upon the defi nition of its own policy agenda and the

reappraisal of its relationships with strategic partners.

These crucial processes will be mainstreamed into the

JAES and call for a refocusing of the Africa-EU Partner-

ship. This discussion will feature prominently on the joint

agenda in the upcoming months.

On the EU side, the creation of the new Pan-African Pro-

gramme provides a unique possibility to revitalise Africa-

EU relations by dedicating a fi nancial envelope to the

implementation of the Joint Strategic Partnership, focus-

sing on the clear added value of cross-regional and conti-

nental initiatives.

While safeguarding and promoting common values, the

JAES needs to continuously take shared African and Euro-

pean interests as well as new priorities into account. The

fates of Africa and the European Union are more closely

intertwined than ever. Global challenges, African crises in

the Sahel, the Great Lakes Region or the Horn of Africa

and key issues such as migration and mobility, the gov-

ernance of raw materials or obstacles to trade and invest-

ments are areas of common concern. The Joint Strategy

promotes political dialogue and joint actions regarding

these issues, which lead to mutual benefi ts. In the same

way, the EU and Africa should use the JAES to strengthen

their cooperation in global arenas and international

negotiations where they have strong shared interests,

such as climate change or the new post-MDG develop-

ment framework beyond 2015.

The JAES needs to become more eff ective in terms of out-

reach and visibility. On the one hand, it has to highlight

the clear added value that this cooperation brings to both

Africa and Europe. In this sense, more buy-in from Euro-

pean stakeholders, and in particular from the business

community and civil society, will not only benefi t Africans

but also Europeans themselves. On the other hand, the

JAES has to promote the role of Africa and of the African

Union as an equal partner for the EU. This requires that

more African stakeholders take part in this process, and

that more cooperation on common JAES priorities takes

place at the regional, national and local levels.

Once these principles are truly owned on both sides, the

JAES will live up to its potential. Europe and Africa share

the ambition of taking their relations to a new level,

going beyond development, to tackle issues of shared

concern and to avoid an outdated “donor-recipient” rela-

tionship between Africa and the EU.

NERSHIP


Contacts

Ms Françoise Moreau

[email protected] European Commission

DG Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid

Head of Unit

Africa-EU Partnership – African Peace Facility

M. José Costa Pereira

[email protected] European External Action Service

Africa Department

Head of Division

Pan-African Aff airs

M. Gary Quince

[email protected] European External Action Service

EU Delegation to the African Union

Head of Delegation

For more information:

www.africa-eu-partnership.org



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