The Age of Exploration

European Exploration and ExpansionChapter 6

1500-1800

European Voyages

Why Explore?

Motives• Imperialism

- Attraction to Asia• Economic

- Spices - Precious Metals

• Religion - wanted to introduce others to their faith

• Adventure/Glory

“God, Glory, and Gold”

Portugal

Portugal cont…

• Vasco de Gama- May 1498- Calicut, India

• Achievement- took control of the Muslim spice trade

industry

Spain

Spanish Explorers

• Christopher Columbus- expedition financed by Queen

Isabella of Spain- in Search of Asia- reached Cuba – October 1492

Spanish Explorers

• Ferdinand Magellan- Sponsored by King Phillip II- Strait of Magellan

Magellan cont…

- Arrived on the Philippine Islands in 1521

- Death, April 1521

Magellan’s Route

Disagreement

• Spain vs. Portugal• Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

- established a Line of Demarcation

A New World Discovered

• John Cabot- explored the New England coastline

• Amerigo Vespucci- America

Cabot’s Route

Vespucci’s Route

Spanish Explorers to America

• Conquistadors• Hernán Cortes

- Aztec Empire

• Francisco Pizarro- Incan Empire

Spanish Exploration to America

• Settled or Unsettled??• Natives as slaves• Slaves began to decrease

- Why?

- Forced labor- Starvation- DISEASE

Economic Impact

• What was the economic impact of exploration?

- Precious Metals- Gold and Silver- Greed- Mercantilism

- Colonies established- plantations and ranches

- sugar- livestock- tobacco

Economic Impact cont…

• Columbian exchange- the extensive exchange of plants and animals between Europe and America

Impact:

- The Columbian Exchange established trade and transformed economic activity in both worlds

Quiz

Africa

The Slave Trade

• Settlers set up plantations off the coast of Brazil

Slave Trade

• Why were new slaves needed?- Native slave population decrease- African slaves

• Triangular Trading System setup- Europe, Africa, and America

• Middle Passage- The journey of slaves between America and Africa

Triangular Trading System

The Middle Passage

Where did slaves come from?

• Slave markets- slaves were traded for guns, gold, and

otherEuropean goods

• Local rulers sold slaves as a source of income

King Afonso

• King of the Democratic Republicof the Congo

• Reigned from 1506-1545• Devout Christian• Built schools and churches• Did not give into the trade industry

Effects

• Family hardship• Depopulation• Increased warfare• Long-lasting effects -> destroyed cultures

Influence

• Political- new forms of government?

- often remained the same- monarchy

• Cultural- New foods- Religion

Reflection

• Did the Europeans accomplish their motives or did the slave trade cause more trouble than it was worth?

- Write a paragraph response- Give reasons for your opinion

Spice Trade

• Where?- Southeast Asia

Attraction to Asia

• Muslim merchants were first attracted to the spice trade

- Growth of Islam along trade route

• Portuguese

• Dutch

Melaka

Moluccas- Spice Islands

Island of Java

Impact of Europeans on the Mainland

• Thailand• Vietnam

• Successful?- No, Why?

Political unity/stronger government