The Age ofThe Age ofImperialismImperialism(1850 – 1914)(1850 – 1914)

Imperialism:Imperialism:building empires bybuilding empires by

expanding territoryexpanding territory

and gaining coloniesand gaining colonies

Economic Origins of Economic Origins of ImperialismImperialism

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution– Industrialized nations took control Industrialized nations took control

of less developed nationsof less developed nations To gain raw materials for industryTo gain raw materials for industry

– Cotton, coal, metals, etc.Cotton, coal, metals, etc.

To gain markets for goodsTo gain markets for goods– Manufactured goods could be sold in the Manufactured goods could be sold in the

coloniescolonies

Political and SocialPolitical and SocialOrigins of ImperialismOrigins of Imperialism

NationalismNationalism Competition between industrial nations Competition between industrial nations

led to a race for overseas empiresled to a race for overseas empires The “White Man’s Burden”The “White Man’s Burden”

Many believed it was their duty to Many believed it was their duty to “civilize” people of other nations by “civilize” people of other nations by introducing Christianity and Western introducing Christianity and Western cultureculture

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism Many claimed it was natural for “the weak Many claimed it was natural for “the weak

to be taken over by the strong”to be taken over by the strong”

Major Imperial Major Imperial PowersPowers

Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance GermanyGermany RussiaRussia The United StatesThe United States JapanJapan

Imperialized AreasImperialized Areas

Powerful industrial nations Powerful industrial nations established empires in:established empires in:– Africa Africa – AsiaAsia– OceaniaOceania (Australia, New (Australia, New

Zealand, Zealand,

and surrounding islands)and surrounding islands)

Imperialism in 1914Imperialism in 1914

EuropeansEuropeansColonize AfricaColonize Africa

The Scramble The Scramble for Africafor Africa

During the late 1800s Europeans During the late 1800s Europeans began exploring the interior began exploring the interior parts of Africaparts of Africa

By the 1880s, European nations By the 1880s, European nations were racing to colonize African were racing to colonize African landslands

The Berlin The Berlin ConferenceConference

European nations met in Berlin, European nations met in Berlin, Germany to settle arguments over Germany to settle arguments over African landsAfrican lands

European powers divided all of European powers divided all of Africa (except Ethiopia and Liberia) Africa (except Ethiopia and Liberia) and drew up new bordersand drew up new borders– Did not consider ethnic or language Did not consider ethnic or language

differences of African tribesdifferences of African tribes– Africans had no say in the decisionsAfricans had no say in the decisions

The British Empire The British Empire (1920s)(1920s)

“ “The Sun never sets on the British The Sun never sets on the British Empire”Empire”

The United States’ Empire The United States’ Empire (1900)(1900)

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898)(1898) CausesCauses

– U.S. wanted to help Cuba win independence from SpainU.S. wanted to help Cuba win independence from Spain U.S. had economic interests in CubaU.S. had economic interests in Cuba U.S. saw Spain’s control of Cuba as a test of the Monroe DoctrineU.S. saw Spain’s control of Cuba as a test of the Monroe Doctrine

– Monroe Doctrine:Monroe Doctrine: stated that the Americas were off limits to further stated that the Americas were off limits to further European colonizationEuropean colonization

– U.S. wanted to build an empireU.S. wanted to build an empire U.S. needed raw materials and markets for its goodsU.S. needed raw materials and markets for its goods Strong nationalismStrong nationalism

– Americans wanted their nation to be powerful, wealthy, and Americans wanted their nation to be powerful, wealthy, and competitive with the European powerscompetitive with the European powers

– U.S. newspapers blamed Spain for explosion of U.S. newspapers blamed Spain for explosion of USS MaineUSS Maine EffectsEffects

– U.S. quickly defeated Spain and became a world powerU.S. quickly defeated Spain and became a world power– U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines, and GuamU.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam

U.S. temporarily occupied Cuba and set up a military governmentU.S. temporarily occupied Cuba and set up a military government Cuba and the Philippines eventually gained independenceCuba and the Philippines eventually gained independence

Intervention in Latin Intervention in Latin AmericaAmerica

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineDoctrine– Declared the U.S. as the police power of the Declared the U.S. as the police power of the

Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere– Established U.S. “economic imperialism” Established U.S. “economic imperialism”

throughout Latin Americathroughout Latin America PanamaPanama

– U.S. supported Panama’s independence from U.S. supported Panama’s independence from Colombia in exchange for the right to build Colombia in exchange for the right to build and control the Panama Canaland control the Panama Canal

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Japanese Empire Japanese Empire (1905)(1905)

Japan Opens UpJapan Opens Up

Since the 1600’s, Japan had Since the 1600’s, Japan had practiced a policy of practiced a policy of isolationism,isolationism, in which it cut in which it cut itself off from the outside worlditself off from the outside world

In the 1850’s, the United States In the 1850’s, the United States Navy forced Japan to open its Navy forced Japan to open its ports to tradeports to trade

Japanese ImperialismJapanese Imperialism

Modernized economy and Modernized economy and militarymilitary–Japan built factories and Japan built factories and needed raw materials to needed raw materials to make manufactured goodsmake manufactured goods

–Japan quickly built a modern Japan quickly built a modern navynavy

War with ChinaWar with China–Japan and China Japan and China competed for trading competed for trading rights in Korearights in Korea

–Japan defeated China Japan defeated China and took control of and took control of Korea and ManchuriaKorea and Manchuria

Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War–Russia tried to step in Russia tried to step in and take control of Korea and take control of Korea and Manchuriaand Manchuria

–Japan defeated Russia Japan defeated Russia and became a world and became a world powerpower

ResistanceResistance

to Imperialismto Imperialism

Resistance to ImperialismResistance to Imperialism Natives of Africa, Asia, and OceaniaNatives of Africa, Asia, and Oceania

– Liked improvements made by imperialist Liked improvements made by imperialist rulersrulers roads, railroads, schools, peace, etc.roads, railroads, schools, peace, etc.

– Disliked the way they were treated by Disliked the way they were treated by rulersrulers Wanted to rule themselvesWanted to rule themselves Disliked racism of imperialist nationsDisliked racism of imperialist nations Felt foreign culture was being forced on themFelt foreign culture was being forced on them

– Sometimes fought against imperialismSometimes fought against imperialism Most natives were easily defeatedMost natives were easily defeated

– Industrialized nations were more united and had Industrialized nations were more united and had better weapons and technologybetter weapons and technology

Some natives put up fierce resistanceSome natives put up fierce resistance

South AfricaSouth Africa

Europeans in South Europeans in South AfricaAfrica

The Dutch established a The Dutch established a colony in South Africacolony in South Africa

After defeating the Dutch in a After defeating the Dutch in a war, Great Britain took war, Great Britain took control of South Africacontrol of South Africa

The Zulu WarThe Zulu War The British and the The British and the ZulusZulus (a native (a native

tribe of Southern Africa) fought a war tribe of Southern Africa) fought a war over landover land

The Zulus put up fierce resistance and The Zulus put up fierce resistance and won a major battle even though they won a major battle even though they were fighting with spears against gunswere fighting with spears against guns

Eventually the British overwhelmed Eventually the British overwhelmed and defeated the Zulus and took and defeated the Zulus and took control of their landscontrol of their lands

IndiaIndia

“The Jewel of the Crown” for the British Empire

British IndiaBritish India The The British East India British East India

CompanyCompany was given permission was given permission by the British government to run by the British government to run the colony of Indiathe colony of India– Indian soldiers called Indian soldiers called SepoysSepoys were were

hired by the East India Company to hired by the East India Company to protect their businessprotect their business Most Sepoys were Muslim or HinduMost Sepoys were Muslim or Hindu

Indians did not have same rights Indians did not have same rights as Britishas British

Many British looked down on Many British looked down on Indians because of their raceIndians because of their race

The Sepoy RebellionThe Sepoy Rebellion Sepoys were ordered to use rifle Sepoys were ordered to use rifle

cartridge that was rumored to be cartridge that was rumored to be greased with cow and pig fatgreased with cow and pig fat– They refused to follow orders and were They refused to follow orders and were

being thrown in jailbeing thrown in jail Hindus believe cows are sacred animalsHindus believe cows are sacred animals Muslims believe pigs are uncleanMuslims believe pigs are unclean

Sepoys rioted and captured part of Sepoys rioted and captured part of IndiaIndia– It took over 1 year for the British to It took over 1 year for the British to

regain controlregain control

Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion

Results: Results: – Rebellion was unsuccessfulRebellion was unsuccessful– British government took full control of British government took full control of

IndiaIndia– Indian nationalism and desire for Indian nationalism and desire for

independence grewindependence grew– British mistreatment Indians grewBritish mistreatment Indians grew

ChinaChina

ChinaChina

In the early 1900’s China’s government In the early 1900’s China’s government was very weak and could not keep other was very weak and could not keep other countries from taking control of its portscountries from taking control of its ports

Open Door Policy:Open Door Policy: the policy of the policy of allowing all nations access to trade in allowing all nations access to trade in ChinaChina– Foreign countries controlled trade and had a Foreign countries controlled trade and had a

great deal of influence in Chinagreat deal of influence in China– Missionaries spread Christianity to ChineseMissionaries spread Christianity to Chinese

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion Righteous and Harmonious Fists: Righteous and Harmonious Fists: a group of a group of

Chinese warriors (called “Boxers” by Europeans) Chinese warriors (called “Boxers” by Europeans) who wanted to end foreign influence and the who wanted to end foreign influence and the spread of Christianity in Chinaspread of Christianity in China

Boxers attacked Chinese Christians and Boxers attacked Chinese Christians and foreignersforeigners– Several nations sent soldiers to protect their interestsSeveral nations sent soldiers to protect their interests– The foreigners defeated the BoxersThe foreigners defeated the Boxers

ResultsResults– Foreign powers gained even more control of ChinaForeign powers gained even more control of China– Growth in Chinese nationalismGrowth in Chinese nationalism

The EndThe End

Special thanks to:Special thanks to:http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/1907powr.htmhttp://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/empires/0053.html

Google Images (contributions from various Google Images (contributions from various artists)artists)

Created by Ben BindewaldCreated by Ben Bindewald