The aim of the DC [2]

The current situation

About Metadata

A new type of information-structured data，is defined commonly as “Data about data”. Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DC) was initiated in 1995 by the OCLC (USA Online Catalog Library Center) and NCSA (the United States Center for Supercomputing Applications).

About Metadata

The aim of DC is to search and acquire

the needed information rapidly through

description, collection and organization

of the information resources by using

simple identifications.

The aim of DC [2]

Study on the organization of Internet

information has been a research focus in

the field of information management. During

recent 10 years, DC-m has been rapidly

developed and applied in many fields

including medical information of many

digital resource organizations.

Current situation [3]

[6] [7]

[8]

[9]

[4] [5]

However, up till now, there has been

no report on standard metadata

scheme profile for Chinese health

resources.［10］

The problems and challenge

What we want

Problems and Challenge

Rapid development of Internet and thecomputer technology.

(1)

Growth of the digitalized Chinesebiomedical health resources.

(2)

Due to the fact that the information on the

Internet is dynamic and disordered,

searching and utilization of Chinese

digital health resources has become

difficult.

(3)

Problems and Challenge

What we want

The aim of this research is to establish aset of Chinese medical metadataapplication schema based on DC for theuse of organizing, searching and utilizingboth the present Chinese digitalizedmedical information and those fromInternet.

What we want

It is named CDHR-m (Chinese DigitalHealth Resources Metadata), which can befitted to the characteristics ofcontemporary medical information and beapplied to network and digital medicalinformation resources.

MCM

EMB

MeSH

CISMeF

To define DC as a standard metadata scheme for CDHR-m

To establish the contents of CDHS-m coding schemes

To select and determine the project of description object for CDHR-m

To analyze the factors of contents description objects for CDHR-m

The first reason ( for selecting DC)

DC-m has been repeatedly revised,and improved to become anappropriate and mature internationalmetadata standard.

(1)

It has been widely used in many fields

in the past ten years.

(2)

Selecting DC as a standard metadata scheme for Chinese health resources

It has to be adaptive to the regulation,

standardization, internationalization and

the principle of interoperability.

(3)

[11]

The first reason ( for selecting DC)

The 2nd reason:

There are a number of foreign-basedmedical meta-data DC projects whichare sophisticated enough to be used asa model for Chinese digital healthresources regarding to consultation,reference, reusing and nesting whencreating CDHR-m.

[12]

The 3rd reason:The present model: "Chinese journalsmetadata to describe the rules of therecorded” has just been widely used inChina, and it is based on the DCmetadata standard. Therefore, there is aready-made sample DC-based localmetadata to provide CDHS-m of thereference reuse.

[13]

Establishment of the Contents ofCDHS-m Coding Schemes

Not “matching directly”

CDHR-m based on DC-metadata

International standards

Highly condensed summary

Not "exhaustive”

Advantages

Disadvantages

Using 15 core elements of DC

metadata merely to interpret and

recapitulate highly specialized

resources is obviously inadequate for

the description of medical literature.

To make The CDHS-m perfect:

Quote the medical MeSH Vocabulary asencoding scheme in the "Subject" elementof the subject coding system.

▲

Use the present foreign several medicalmetadata programs, such as MCM,CISMeF, EBM metadata and NLM-metadata as reference.

▲

Follow the framework of DC providedby the standard coding system.

▲

Consult the “EBMC” and the “EBMS”

(which is used to describe the

evidence-based programs medical

coding system), CLC ( "Chinese

Library Classification 4th edition")

▲

Refer to HL7 (Health Informationtransmission standard).

▲

Selection and Determination of Description Object of CDHR-m

Most of the medical core papers are published in

these selected journals.

(1) Medical journals are selected and defined

as the metadata resources.

one reason: ●

These are the main medical information

resources owing to the fact that they publish

most recent and reliable medical information.[15]

The 2nd reason:●

Many electronic medical journals and books (inboth full text and abstract) are already on theInternet.

The 3rd reason:●

Most of the medical journals are well written and ingood format.

The 4th reason:●

Medical journals are regarded to be

available representation in all types of

medical resources.

The results:

CDHR-m major description object - issuemedical journals

CDHR-m minor description object -theother types : Medical multimedia, networkresources, electronic medical records,medical conferences, various types ofagreements, tele-medicine, and medicalimaging, etc.

Analysis of Factors in CDHR-m

Contents Description Objects

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is theintegration of the best research evidencewith clinical expertise and patient values.An important process of EBM practice isto find significant evidence supported byclinical studies (both primary studies andsecondary studies such as systematicreviews) published in clinical journals ordatabases.[16]

The first factor:

Four elements should be considered when we

put the CDHR-m project as the main content

of evidence-based medicine resources:

CDHR-m

structured abstracts

the degree of evidence

clinical concepts

study types

EBM

EBM

EBM

EBM

An example

Japan's EMB-m (evidence-based medicine

metadata project) , is a comprehensive search for

EBM resources .

the degree of evidence depending on research design

clinical aspects of the study (e.g., pathogenesis,diagnosis, therapy and prognosis)

patients (with or without diseases) interventionsand outcomes.

Therefore, we should absorb experiences

from Japan's EMB-m projects for our

CDHR-M. The CDHR-m proposal should

be consistent with the recognition of

primary and secondary studies for a

comprehensive EBM search tool.

HL7 is a kind of “medical messages datainterchange system”, which was originallydesigned for economic services, mainlyfor the management of medical expensesand hospital information system, but it isin the lack of the contents of the medicalliterature resources.

The second factor:[18]

HL7 （Health level Seven）Standard

[19]

In view of the HL7’s popularization and

application, we should build a national HL7

that not only is under the framework of HL7

standard classification, but also perfect and

modify the content of standard classification,

coding and contents.

It would be the future target that HL7

standards and the medical literature

resources could be shared, exchanged.

One of the interesting work is thatdevelopment of CDHR-m project forclinical care and medical research toprovide more flexible and multi-levelmedical information related to theelements are expected to eventuallybecome the localization part of theHL7 standard.[20]

Medical assistant information is an

important part of health resources.

[21]

The third factor:

such as★ Author information

★ The reference information

★ The information of Fund

name, unit, address, telephone no., brief introduction — can supply personal information of author himself;

can indicate that the scope and depth of author's thesis, as well as its citation situation;

supply resource evaluation, the level of itspublication, impact factor, factor, etc.) and giveus the information about the scientific andtechnological content and quality positioning.

Outcome

Article supporting comprehensive medical assistant information can not only help readers quickly and efficiently catch the idea of content, but also play an important role in information transmission, communication, retrospective retrieval, bibliometrics and statistics.[22]

Effect The fund support information availablehelps us to know the types of support,intensity, distribution (geographical or major)and et.al, in order to provide this integratedinformation content to the government or therelevant departments in accordance withdecision-making.

Effect

Setting up the Chinese Medical Professionalexpert’s database system is useful in termsof author’s personal information. Meanwhilethe medical assistant informationdescription will become important factor tobe considered in CDHR-M.

Numerous types of multimedia springing up

The fourth factor

The remote medical

major medical network protocol

The medical home

Medical digital images

Audio and video, bio-signal graph

Electronic medical records

Other non-text form special

Health informationresources

This is the main characteristic of medical resources digitization .[23]

Review

The application of DC metadata has a strong

advantage in the description and organization

of such resources. There are three medical

metadata proposals in the world: MCM,

CISMeF and EBM. All of them have expanded

from original DC. type restrictions.

The MCM metadata created 35 sub-elements;

The CISMeF metadata has resource type 20added, which covered all of the networkresource types.

The EBM metadata reused all types of DCmetadata description in resources elements ofboth MCM and CISMeF.

The MeSH Thesaurus is used in more thanhalf of the selected words.

CDHR-M

MCM-m

CISMeF-m

EBM-m

MeSH

selected words.

The name of metada element Element Refinement Encoding Scheme

Title alternative

Creator modeinstitution or personalcreator resume

Subjectkeywordsubjectclassification no.

MeSH、CLC 4ed.EBMC*EBMS* HL7

A set of CDHR-m

Description

Content description catalog(contents)abstract:objectives,design,method & material,result,concultion 循证医学：

system reviews、meta-analysis、RCT、clinical trialHL7 ：patients management info.、医嘱处理信息、临床观察信息、医疗病案管

理、医疗咨询服务信息、财务管理信息；Fund class： commentary structure description：paragraph,table,graph,chart,formula,footnote,comment,links,thanks,sub-title(1-4 level)

URL

Publisher Name of pub.,ad.,postalcode,E-mail, mail code、tel number

Contributor editor in charge

Date Date createdDate validDate availableDate issuedDate modifiedDate acceptedDate copyrightDate submitted

ISO8601[W3CDTF] (YYYY-MM-D)

To be continued

Type

Biblioguaphies（Medline）Clinical ConferenceClinical TrialComment Consensus Development ConferenceIndex of name’s addressDirectoryEditorialDegree PaperMulticenter studyReviewReview of Reported Electric CasesReview TutorialTechnical ReportHealth News(Internet)Full Text JournalsAbstractsHomepageDecision ToolsRadiographs（CT、DR、MRI、PET-CT）Ultrasound ImagesPath ImagesClinical ImagesDatabasesMedical ViewAudioVidioProceduresMeetingsTextbooksMeeting ReportsMedical ForumsMedical EducationPatient EducationExpert Advise

DCMIType[DCMIType]MCMType、Medline-PT

Format Extentmedium

IMT（for the type of network。MIME）

Identifier Reference list :name of journal,ISSN,yy-mm-dd；ISSNISBN

URI URL DOI SICI ISSN ISBN DOI

To be continued

Source URI

Relation

isVersionOfhasVersionisRelacedByisreplacesisRequiredByRequiresis Part Ofhas Part OfisReferencedByreferencesisFormat Of

DCMIType[DCMIType]MCMType、Medline-PT

Coverage （spatial）（temporal） Period,W3CEDTF

Right access Right

Resource Rating

scientific and technological paper citation database, influencing factor, keyword journal,

Audience medical personnel, patients and others

Article Classification

article, comment, case report, review, clinical research, et al.

To be continued

The CDHR-M aims at establishing DC metadata

model designing to look for a new method of

organizing and searching Chinese health

resources. Currently it is on the development stage

and it is only a rough idea. There is still a lot to be

done for its establishment and improvements.

More efforts need to be made in terms of

the metadata element model of CDHR-M

and medical experts from decision-making

body of the government are required to

make deep research on its work, so as to

provide a scientific basis for the

development of the standard of CDHR

medical metadata.

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E-mail:zdping2002@vip.sina.com

Thank You!