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Setting the Stage
0On December 22, 1941, just after Pearl Harbor, Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt met at the White House to develop a joint war policy. Stalin had asked his allies to relieve German pressure on his armies in the east. He wanted them to open a second front in the west. This would split the Germans’ strength by forcing them to fight major battles in two regions instead of just one. Churchill agreed with Stalin’s strategy. The Allies would weaken Germany on two fronts before dealing the deathblow. At first Roosevelt was torn, but he ultimately agreed…
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
0 Battle of Stalingrad:0 Hitler sends his army to capture oil field in the Caucasas Mountains-
and to capture Stalingrad 0 Fighting begins August 23, 1942
0 Luftwaffe bomb the city to ruins0 Stalin told his men to defend Stalingrad to the death!0 By November of 1943 Germany controlled nearly 90% of the city…0 Soviet troops outside the city counter-attack and surround the
Germans0 Cutting off supplies, the Russians force the remaining 90,000 German
troops to surrender0 Stalin looses nearly 1 million men in the fight for Stalingrad, but now
has the Germans retreating west….
War Limits Civil Rights
0 Japanese Internment Camps:0 After Pearl Harbor wave of racism sweeps over the
nation0 Feb 19, 1942 Roosevelt calls for the “rounding up of
aliens” – Jap-America citizens sent to relocation camps0 Moved to secure military locations away from the coast
0Where they could not assist in Japanese invasions0Most were native born American citizens, and their parents
were Japanese….
V-E: Victory in Europe
0D-Day Set Up:0 Led by Dwight D. Eisenhower0 US been landing millions of troops and supplies in GB
preparing to invade northern France0 Germans knew attack was coming, they didn’t know
where0 US sets up “dummy armies” near the French port of
Calais to throw off the Germans
V-E: Victory in Europe
0 D-Day:0 June 6, 19440 Code-name Operation Overlord0 Main force sent to Omaha Beach0 Over 2,700 American soldiers alone died on the beaches that
day0 Even with heavy loses the Allies took the beach.0 Launching point for taking back Paris----then Berlin0 Over a million new troops land in Normandy in one month0 By September the Allies has liberated France and now set
their sites on Germany…..
Battle of the Bulge
0Hitler:0 “This battle is to decide whether we shall live or die….All
resistance must be broken in a wave of terror…”0 Hitler attempts to split British and American forces in
two to disrupt supply lines0 Able to break through weak American lines, but is
quickly counter attack and forced to retreat0 Defeat at the Battle of the Bulge spells the end for
Hitler’s war machine….
Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
03 million Allied troops approach Berlin from SW0Another 6 million Soviet troops approach from the E0April 25th 1945 Soviets have surrounded the city and
are bombarding it with artillery fire.0Hitler hiding in an underground bunker marries his
long time girlfriend Eva Braun and they commit suicide in April 30 1945
0May 7, 1945 Dwight D. Eisenhower accepts the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich…the fighting in Europe is finally over….
V-J: Victory in Japan
0 Japanese in Retreat:0 Japanese kamikazes are biggest threat to naval victory in
the pacific0Suicide pilots crashed their planes into Allied ships to sink
them0 March 1945: American Marines take the islands of Iwo
Jima and Okinawa. 0Okinawa: 100,000 Japanese casualties 12,000 American
0 Now only 350 miles from southern Japan….
The Japanese Surrender
0The Manhattan Project:0 Top-Secret Project to develop the atomic bomb
0Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer (scientist)0 President Truman only learns about the A-bomb when
he become president0Bomb or No Bomb:
0 Truman believes that invasion will cost nearly 500,000 lives
0 Top advisors believe dropping the bomb is fastest way to end war…
Japanese Surrender
0Bombs Away:0 Truman gives Japan warning if they do not surrender to
expect “rain of ruin from the air”0 Japanese do not respond….0 August 6, 1945 US drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima killing
between 70-80,000 people 0 August 9, 1945 US drops “Fat Boy” on Nagasaki killing
another 70,000 people…0 Japan surrenders on the USS Missouri on September
2, 19450 WWII is finally over….