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The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 deas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights r
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Page 1: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

The American NationThe American Nation

Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution

Creating a Republic1776–1790

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Page 2: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

Chapter 7, Section 3

Ideas Behind the ConstitutionIdeas Behind the Constitution

Objectives to learn:• What did American leaders learn from

studying ancient Rome?• What traditions of freedom did Americans

inherit from Great Britain and from their own colonial past?

• How did Enlightenment ideas shape the development of the Constitution?

Page 3: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

I. What the Founding Fathers Learned From Ancient Rome

I. What the Founding Fathers Learned From Ancient Rome

A. Founding Fathers—the patriots who laid the groundwork for the United States, such as Madison and Jefferson.

B. They admired the Roman Republic. They created a republic, a government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives.

C. They admired Roman citizens who served the republic out of a sense of public service.

D. They saw the collapse of Rome’s republic as a warning. They wanted to avoid a dictatorship, a government in which one person or small group holds complete authority.

Chapter 7, Section 3

Page 4: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

II. British Traditions of FreedomII. British Traditions of Freedom

A. Magna Carta (1215)• English monarchs

themselves had to obey the law. For example, the king could not raise taxes without consulting the Great Council (Parliament).

• English nobles—and later, other people—had rights, including rights to property and the right to trial by jury.

B. English Bill of Rights• It stated that parliamentary

elections should be held regularly.

• It upheld the right to trial by jury.

• It allowed citizens to bear arms.

• It affirmed the right of habeas corpus, the idea that no person could be held without being charged with a specific crime.

British Traditions of Freedom

Chapter 7, Section 3

Page 5: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

Magna Carta and the English Bill of RightsMagna Carta and the English Bill of Rights

Page 6: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

III. American Traditions of FreedomIII. American Traditions of Freedom

A. Constitutional Tradition• Mayflower Compact, the first

document of self-government in North America

• Written colonial charters• Relied on written documents

clearly identifying the powers and limits of government

B. Revolutionary Era• Memory of grievances against

the English king, expressed in the Declaration of Independence

• Experience of the Second Continental Congress

• Experience with the Articles of Confederation

• Experience with state governments and state constitutions

The American Experience- Tradition of representative government

Chapter 7, Section 3

Page 7: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

IV. Enlightenment Traditions of FreedomIV. Enlightenment Traditions of Freedom

A. John LockeTwo Treatises of Government• All people have natural rights

to life, liberty, and property.• Government is an agreement

between ruler and ruled. The ruler must enforce the laws and protect the people.

• If a ruler violates the people’s natural rights, the people have a right to rebel.

B. Baron de MontesquieuThe Spirit of the Laws• The powers of government

should be clearly defined.• There should be a separation

of powers, that is, the powers of government should be divided up among branches of government so no person or group gains too much power.

• A government should have three separate branches—legislative, executive, and judicial.

Teachings of the Enlightenment

Chapter 7, Section 3

Page 8: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

John Locke and Baron von MontesquieuJohn Locke and Baron von Montesquieu

Page 9: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

Ideas that influenced the Founding FathersIdeas that influenced the Founding Fathers

Page 10: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

Section 3 AssessmentSection 3 Assessment

A republic is a kind of government wherea) one person or group holds complete authority.b) military power is placed above civilian authority.c) citizens rule themselves through elected representatives.d) all citizens vote on all the laws.

“Separation of powers” means thata) the powers of government should be clearly defined and divided up

among different branches of government.b) the powers of government are decided by the legislative branch and

approved by the judicial branch.c) no person shall be held in jail without first being charged.d) the Founding Fathers worked separately from each other to suggest

plans for a government.

Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

Chapter 7, Section 3

Page 11: The American Nation Chapter 7-Section 3 Ideas Behind the Constitution Creating a Republic 1776–1790 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

Section 3 AssessmentSection 3 Assessment

A republic is a kind of government wherea) one person or group holds complete authority.b) military power is placed above civilian authority.c) citizens rule themselves through elected representatives.d) all citizens vote on all the laws.

“Separation of powers” means thata) the powers of government should be clearly defined and divided up

among different branches of government.b) the powers of government are decided by the legislative branch and

approved by the judicial branch.c) no person shall be held in jail without first being charged.d) the Founding Fathers worked separately from each other to suggest

plans for a government.

Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

Chapter 7, Section 3


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