The American Revolution and Georgia Statehood

Unit 4Chapter 8Mr. Lamm

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• Britain planned to pay off its debt from the French and Indian War by passing new tax laws.

• The Townshend Act placed taxes on such items as glass, lead, paper, and paint that came into the colonies.

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• The Stamp Act required all printed paper used in the colonies to have a tax stamp.

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• Americans resented British efforts to impose new laws and taxes on the colonies because:– Colonists were being taxed by Parliament not

by elected representatives– Colonists’ rights as British citizens were

ignored– Colonists could not elect representatives to

Parliament

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• The Boston Massacre takes place in 1770.

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• The incident that led to the Boston Tea Party in 1773 was when Parliament gave one British company exclusive rights (monopoly) to sell tea in America.

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• The British responded to the Boston Tea Party by passing the “Intolerable Acts.”

• The “Intolerable Acts” closed the Boston port, did not allow the people of Massachusetts to have their own government, and required all colonist to feed and house British soldiers.

• In reaction to colonial protests and violence, Parliament passed more laws to punish the colonists, Britain sent troops to enforce the laws, and colonists had to feed and house British soldiers.

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• Georgia was slow in joining the revolutionary cause because:– Georgia had grown and prospered under royal

governor Sir James Wright– Many Georgians had become wealthy from

trade with Great Britain– The Georgia colony did not have a long history

of self-government

The Clash of Britain and American Ideas

• Nancy Hart was known for her loyalty to the Whig cause.

• Whigs (patriots) did not support the king.• Tories (loyalists) and citizens in England

did support the king.

The Independence Movement in Georgia

• The war for American Independence began at Lexington and Concord, in Massachusetts.

The Independence Movement in Georgia

• Georgia’s first legislature was called the Provincial Congress.

• When the Whigs took over Georgia’s Government, Governor Wright escaped.

• Georgia’s first constitution, a temporary one, was called the Rules and Regulations.

The Independence Movement in Georgia

• The signers of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia were Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton.

• The Declaration of Independence was signed and adopted on July 4, 1776.

Lyman Hall

George Walton

The Independence Movement in Georgia

• Georgia’s state constitution of 1777 provided for:– Eight counties– A governor with a one-year term of office– Three branches of government

The Independence Movement in Georgia

• John Adam Treutlen was Georgia’s first constitutional governor.

War Comes to Georgia

• Austin Dabney was a slave who fought for the patriots (Whigs.)

War Comes to Georgia

• Elijah Clarke was the commander at Kettle Creek.

• The Battle of Kettle Creek was a moral victory for Georgia patriots.

War Comes to Georgia

• Count Casimir Pulaski fought for the Americans in the Siege of Savannah.

Building a New Nation

• The Articles of Confederation (a formal basis for the union) set up a unicameral legislature, did not allow Congress to levy (impose) taxes, and each state had an equal vote in Congress.

Building a New Nation

Building a New Nation

• William Few and Abraham Baldwin were the only delegates from Georgia who signed the U. S. Constitution.

• Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the constitution of the U. S.

Building a New Nation

• There are two concepts that are a part of the Georgia and U. S. Constitution:– Three branches of government– Separation of powersChecks and Balances are only a part of the U. S.

Constitution.

Building a New Nation

• The compromise that resulted in the U. S. Congress consisting of two houses – the House of Representatives and the Senate – was called the Great Compromise which was prompted by Abraham Baldwin’s vote at the Constitutional Convention.

Growth and Prosperity

Chapter 9Mr. Lamm

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• Alabama and Mississippi were carved out of Georgia’s western territory.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• The first U.S. census was taken in 1790.

• A census is an official count of the population.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• By 1773, the Creeks and Cherokees gave up over 2 million acres of their land in order to repay their debt to white traders.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• The first way the Georgia’s government distributed land was by the headright system.

• The headright system was one method used. Under this system, the head of a family received 200 acres of land plus 50 acres for each of his family members.

• Plats were drawn to show maps of the land lots.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• Georgia’s capital moved many times in order to stay in the center of the state’s population.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

State Capital Sequence

Savannah

Augusta

Louisville

Milledgeville

Atlanta

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• The first state-chartered university in the United States was The University of Georgia.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• The Yazoo Land Fraud occurred when land speculators bribed members of the General Assembly to sell public land to them for low prices.

• Later the law authorizing the Yazoo Land sale was repealed (abolished) and burned at Georgia’s capital in Louisville.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• The final result of the Yazoo Land Fraud was the national government took over the Yazoo lands, paid $1,250,000 to Georgia, and agreed to remove all Indians from Georgia.

• After 1802, Georgia’s boundaries were pretty much what they are today.

Georgia’s Land Area Expands

• Land lotteries are going to become the way that government distributes land.

• The land lots issued under the headright system were larger than those lots issued under the lottery system.

• A lottery is a drawing for a prize.• Not everyone who participated in the land lottery

received land.• People who won land in the lottery were known as

fortunate drawers.

Government Encourages Economic Growth

• 3 factors that encouraged economic growth were the invention of the cotton gin, the plantation system, and the building of railroads.

• The river that linked the backcountry to the ocean was the Savannah.

• There were 4 important trade centers built along the Fall Line: Milledgeville, Augusta, Macon, and Columbus.

Government Encourages Economic Growth

• Steamboats were very important because they could travel up and down rivers.

Government Encourages Economic Growth

• Georgia needed railroads because: – Better and cheaper transportation – Goods could be received even in the west– Inland cotton delivered to market at profit

• The state became involved in railroad building because: 1. it was very expensive 2. money for construction was limited.

Government Encourages Economic Growth

• The Georgia Railroad connected Augusta and Atlanta.

Government Encourages Economic Growth

• Atlanta was not a planned city.• The first name of Atlanta was Terminus.• Terminus means end.• Atlanta was called the “Gate City” because

it was the main link between the Atlantic coast and the Midwest.

Conflict Over Indian Lands

Chapter 10Mr. Lamm

Conflicting Views

• European settlers who came to America were looking for land.

• Indians believed land could be used but never owned.

• Many Indian leaders had Indian mothers and white fathers.

Conflicting Views

• Cherokees lived mostly in Georgia.

The Creeks

• The Creeks were sometimes referred to as Muscogees.

The Creeks

• A Creek chief was known as the mico.

Alexander McGillivray was a Creek chief who fought for Creek land.

The Creeks

• Most of the lands Georgians got from the Creeks were acquired through cessions.

• The Lower Creeks supported the United States during the War of 1812.

• Even though the Lower Creeks helped during the Creek War, Andrew Jackson forced them to give up their land in south Georgia.

The Creeks

• After the Creek War, Creeks could only stay in Georgia if they abolished their government and nation.

• The whites wanted the Creeks removed for their fertile land.

• Creek lands are ceded up to the Oconee River and later are ceded up to the Ocmulgee River.

The Creeks

• William McIntosh – the Creek chief who was bribed to sign a treaty giving up all Creek lands. He is later killed for this.

The Cherokees

• The Cherokees occupied more land in Georgia than in any other state.

• The Cherokee capital was New Echota.• The Indians that were most influenced by

the white man were the Cherokees.

The Cherokees

• Sequoyah (George Guess) developed a written form of the Cherokee language also known as a syllabary.

• The Cherokees became farmers, teachers, and lawyers.

The Cherokees• The U.S. government recognized the Cherokee nation.• Georgia leaders based their decision of not recognizing

the Cherokee government on the fact that the U.S. Constitution prohibited the creation of a nation within a state.

• The Cherokee Constitution was similar to the U.S. Constitution.

• The Cherokee newspaper was called the Cherokee Phoenix.

• The Georgia General Assembly declared all Cherokee laws null and void.

The Cherokees

• The U.S. Supreme Court decided in Worcester v. Georgia that Georgia laws did not apply in the Cherokee nation and the missionaries should be freed.

The Cherokees

• Andrew Jackson was a U.S. general and president.

• He asked Congress to pass an Indian removal bill.

The Cherokees

• The first gold rush took place in Dahlonega, Georgia in 1829.

• Georgia officials objected to U.S. troops protecting Cherokee lands from gold miners because the federal government was interfering in state affairs.

• The finding of gold assured the removal of the Cherokees.

The Cherokees

• John Marshall – the chief justice of the Supreme Court during this time.

The Cherokees

• Major Ridge – the Cherokee chief who was in favor of Indian removal signed the Treaty of New Echota.

The Cherokees

• John Ross – the Cherokee chief who was not in favor of Indian removal.

The Cherokees

• Most of the Creeks, who were removed before the Cherokees, and Cherokees moved to Oklahoma.

• The removal of the Cherokees was called The Trail of Tears. This name came from the suffering experienced by the Cherokees in the removal.

Bibliography• http://www.nativeamericans.com/seminole%5B1%5D.jpg• http://www.nps.gov/ocmu/Images/McIntosh.jpg• http://www.nps.gov/ocmu/Tribes.htm• http://www.axel-jacob.de/creek_chief__menawa.jpg• http://www.newworldcelts.org/fmain.2.gif• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Troup.jpg• http://www.historyplace.com/specials/portraits/presidents/port-jackson

.jpg• http://www.libs.uga.edu/gawriters/boudinot.jpg• http://ngeorgia.com/images/majorridge.jpg• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:John_Ross_2.jpg• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Scott%28winfield%29.jpg

Bibliography

• http://www.native-americans.org/postcard/images/trail-of-tears.jpg

• http://www.maxdstandley.com/giclees/i/the_trail_of_tears.jpg

• http://www.nativeamericans.com/tears.jpg• http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/images

/trail-of-tears-map2.gif• http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gahistm

arkers/trailoftearshistmarker.jpg• http://www.virginia.org/images/Cherokee.jpg• http://www.appalachiancherokee.com/seal.GIF• http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.js

p?id=h-2722

Bibliography• http://www2.worldbook.com/features/lewisandcla

rk/html/pushing_purchase.html• http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/1790ce

n.jpg• http://www.eliwhitney.org/img_ew/whitney2.jpg• http://publish.netitor.com/photos/schools/geo/

sports/m-footbl/auto_action/a-Uga_VI.jpg• http://boe.mcdo.k12.wv.us/bigcreek/jukebox/

jukebox.htm• http://www.ulster.net/~hrmm/diglib/fulton/

stanton012s.jpg

Bibliography• http://earlyamerica.com/review/2005_winter_spring/images/teaparty4.jpg• http://www.americanrevolution.com/BattleofLexingtonandConcord.htm• http://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/firstln/955pres2.gif• http://www.georgiahistory.com/gwin2.JPG• http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m-1046.jpg• http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m-1056.jpg• http://www.americanrevolution.com/ThomasJefferson5.GIF• http://www.rootsweb.com/~nwa/eclark.gif• http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/revgfx/pulaski.jpg• http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/constitution/need.htm• http://www.constitution.org/img/found038.htm• http://www.constitution.org/img/found037.htm