The American Revolution…

…the revolution to end all revolutions…or is it?

Packet due_______

The French and Indian War: Nine Perspectives Read the vignettes below to get a sense of different participants in the French and Indian War. Choosing one vignette, write a short profile of the character represented in the vignette. How does the character you choose shape your view of the war? Based on their perspective, how do you think your character would name that war?

(1) Your family immigrated to Pennsylvania from Switzerland in the early1750s and purchased land in theSusquehanna Valley from the Pennsylvania government. You live near a Native American village that you trade withregularly. Recently, though, some of your European neighbors have fled east because of Native American attacks.One neighbor was shot, another tomahawked, and a third captured. You see two options: flee or support a militia tokill and destroy the Native Americans.

(2) You are a member of a Quaker family which came to Pennsylvania in the early 1700s seeking religious freedom.You live near Philadelphia and support cordial relations with Native Americans. The Quakers, or Society of Friends,are pacifists and you do not want violence. You do not support forming a militia or raising taxes for arms andammunition or forts. You don’t agree with the new European immigrants in the west who seem to incite violence.Your family supports the “Friendly Association for Regaining and Preserving Peace with the Indians by PacificMeasures.”

(3) Your family is Scots-Irish and squats on land near the Susquehanna River. You believe that you have a right tothe land because the Native Americans and wealthy Philadelphia land speculators weren’t using it productively.Your family has a small farm and homestead. Your Native American neighbors, however, do not appreciate yourfarming achievements and brutally attacked your family, home, and farm. Feeling helpless against Indian attacks,your family fled east to escape.

(4) You are a Pennsylvania soldier living at a fort in western Pennsylvania. You had been an indentured servant butleft servitude to join the British army. You hate the French and Native Americans and have participated in killingdozens of Native Americans, burning their homes and crops. You believe that getting rid of the Indians is the onlyway to provide security for the European immigrants who use the land productively. You also believe Pennsylvaniashould raise taxes on the city dwellers to support the construction of forts and strengthen the militia.

(5) You are a Lenape whose nation’s land has been taken over by European colonists. You’ve been pushedwestward as Europeans take your land in the east. Your elders tried to share the land with the invaders but theEuropeans tricked your nation with false treaties in order to take large portions of the land. You also don’t recognizethe control of your land by the Iroquois League. You don’t understand why the Europeans who converted you totheir God and traded and ate with your family are now destroying your villages and killing your family.

(6) You are a member of the Six Nations Iroquois. Your nation claims the right to the lands of the SusquehannaValley because it defeated the native people living there in the early 1700s. Your nation has benefited from itsalliance with the British. You support working with the Penn family to make treaties to settle land claims. You believethat your nation should control the land, not the weaker Lenape or Delaware or other Native American groups.

(7) You are a young English woman from Philadelphia. You fear the potential invasion of French troops. You haveread about the brutality of the French and Native Americans in the west. In response, you’ve joined the British wareffort. You’ve hosted soldiers in your family home, provided oil and wood, and loaned a horse. You are willing tomake sure Philadelphia remains a British colonial city. Your brother is fighting in western Pennsylvania.

(8) You are a French soldier who was sent to New France to fight the British. You believe the British are to blame forthe war. There would not have been a war if the British fur traders hadn’t started moving into French territory.Because of the British, the French had to build Fort Duquesne at La Belle Riviere (Ohio River) to support France’smissions, trading posts, and other forts.

(9) You are a free African American male. You become involved in the war because in 1755 British General EdwardBraddock, desperate for soldiers, used a loophole in a 1723 Virginia law which prohibited most African Americansfrom carrying firearms but made an exception for those who lived on the frontier and had a license from a justice ofthe peace, or for free black men who were in the militia. General Braddock originally recruited you as a “batman”but, as he was losing the battle at Fort Duquesne, had you carry firearms. More African American men would havejoined the militia but Virginia’s legislature prohibited African Americans from enlisting as soldiers who carried arms.Planters and owners of enslaved African American were afraid that they would turn the armaments on the plantersand lead an insurrection against slavery

Name--- Date--- Class---

Analyzing a Political Cartoon: Analyze the political cartoon below and fill in the graphic organizer based on the informationyou learn from it. When you examine the document be sure to look for the source, date, symbolism, bias, tone, and point of view.

“Join, or Die,” by Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia, PA), May 9, 1754. Courtesy, Library of Congress

I see… It means…

Directions: Use the documents handed out to complete the Written Document Analysis Worksheet. The information you gather in your Analysis of the four documents will be used to report your findings later.

Written Document Analysis Worksheet Document #______

1. Type of Document (Check One)______ Newspaper Article ______ Painting ______ Report

______ Letter ______ Advertisement ______ Other

2. Unique Physical Qualities of the Document (Check one or more)______ Interesting Letterhead ______ Notes ______ Handwritten

______ Seals or Stamps ______ Typed ______ Other ____

3. Date(s) of Document (if available):__________________________________

4. Author or Creator of Document/position or Title: ______________________

5. For What Audience was this Document Written:________________________

______________________________________________________________6. Document InformationA. List three things the author put in the document that you think are important:

1.__________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________

B. Why do you think the document was written?______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ C. Is the Document written from a Colonial or British Perspective? (Cite evidence

from the document to support your answer)______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ D. What impact do you think the publication of this document would have on the

Colonist?/ British?______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

Written Document Analysis Worksheet Document #_____

1. Type of Document (Check One)______ Newspaper Article ______ Painting ______ Report ______ Letter ______ Advertisement ______ Other

2. Unique Physical Qualities of the Document (Check one or more)______ Interesting Letterhead ______ Notes ______ Handwritten ______ Seals or Stamps ______ Typed ______ Other ____

3. Date(s) of Document (if available):__________________________________

4. Author or Creator of Document/position or Title: ______________________

5. For What Audience was this Document Written:________________________

______________________________________________________________6. Document InformationA. List three things the author put in the document that you think are important:

1.__________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________

B. Why do you think the document was written?______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ C. Is the Document written from a Colonial or British Perspective? (Cite evidence

from the document to support your answer)______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ D. What impact do you think the publication of this document would have on the

Colonist?/ British?______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION (1760-1775) *Be sure to include the Social, Political and Economic effects of the Events.

Date Event British (re)Action & Description of Policy* Colonial Response & Results* 1760 Writs of Assistance

-James Otis, Jr.

1763 Proclamation of 1763

-Pontiac’s Rebellion

1764 Sugar Act

-External, Indirect Tax

1765 Stamp Act

-Internal, Direct Tax-Sam Adams

-Son’s of Liberty-Stamp Act Congress

-Declaratory Act

Date Event British (re)Action & Description of Policy* Colonial Response & Results* 1767 Townshend Acts

-External, Indirect Tax-John Hancock’s Liberty

-“Spinning Bees”

1770 Boston Massacre

-Crispus Attucks-Sam Adams

-Sons of Liberty-Committees of correspondence

1773 Tea Act

-British East India Company-Boston Tea Party

1774 Intolerable Acts

-Coercive Acts-Quebec Act

-First Continental Congress

1775 Lexington & Concord

-General Gage-Minute Men

America the Story of US – Video Guide Name: ___________________________________ Directions: Fill in the blanks below. This is a quick paced worksheet; questions will be answered fast throughout the video.

1. Today, New York is the financial of the world, with a population of million.

2. In 1776, New York has a population of .

3. TRUE OR FALSE: The British Invasion of America is the biggest in U.S. history.

4. Each British ship carries of soldiers, _heavy cannons that fire a lb. cannonball at the speed of over a mile away.

5. TRUE OR FALSE: In today’s money these ships cost as much as a modern aircraft carrier.

6. The British had ___________ more ships heading to the colonies.

7. Ben Franklin, Jefferson and John Adams are participating in the _____________, debating on total independence from England.

8. July 4, 1776 is when the colonists from England.

9. The British invasion is the biggest attack on New York until , 2001.

10. September 17, 1776 New York is under _.

11. British soldiers have times more experience than the patriots.

12. The American is difficult for the British to navigate.

13. British soldiers were trained to fight in open ____________, the Patriots were using new tactics and were not “_______________.”

14. Because of the dense wilderness, the British only advance a day.

15. Grooves inside the barrel make shots more .

16. TRUE OR FALSE: No Native Americans join the British to fight the Patriots.

17. Ingeniously, The Patriots begin killing off scouts and British _.

18. Without leadership the British lose as many soldiers as the Patriots.

19. France joins the war against the British, now the British have to fight a war on fronts.

20. At Valley Forge, of troops have no shoes and are sick within weeks.

21. The rebel army is a melting pot, made up of , , and _.

22. Small pox is a virus that is spreading through Valley Forge, in of its victims die.

23. Washington’s troops begin training with bayonets, which are ____________ placed on the end of rifles.

24. In England, the American Revolution isn’t popular because it is ________________.

25. The rebels have beaten the British; the U.S. is the only country to win from England through war.

26. _______ have died for independence from Britain and a new is born

Name ___________________________

The American Revolution: People and Places

Identify the following important individuals from the American Revolution

Name Who is he? What did he do during the Revolution?

Patrick Henry

Baron von Steuben

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington

Benjamin Franklin

Samuel Adams

John Adams

Marquis de Lafayette

Define the following terms Patriot:

Loyalists:

Fill in the chart below

Colonists

Great Britain

Military Strengths

Weaknesses

Important Battles & Turning Points Lexington and Concord – When: Where did it occur: Who won? What happened? Bunker Hill – When: Where did it occur: Who won? What happened? Trenton -- When: Where did it occur:

Who won? What happened?

Saratoga -- When: Where located:

Who won? What happened?

Why was the battle of Saratoga important?

Winter @ Valley Forge -- When: Where located: What happened?

Yorktown -- When: Where located:

Who won? What Happened?

Why was the battle of Yorktown important?

America at War Colonial Economics

• ___________________________________: Increase a nation's power through wealth (export more than import)• Colonies contribute to mercantilism by

o providing ___________________________________ to MCo buying _____________________________________ from MC (serve as markets)o buying/selling only to_______________________

• Colonies exist for the _____________________________ of the MC

More Economics • American colonies were supposed to benefit England by

o selling all their raw materials (______________________, tobacco, _______________________, timber,and furs) only to England

o buying all their manufactured goods (___________________, ______________________) from England

Navigation acts and Salutary Neglect • England passed the Navigation Acts, which were laws passed to ___________________ the use of foreign trade

in the colonies…o It means the colonies can only trade with ________________________

• BUT England didn’t enforce the Navigation Acts – "salutary neglect" - beneficial neglect. Why?o it _______________________________________________ to enforce the lawso England is busy with other things (________________________________)

Growing Tensions…. • Colonial Politics = Growing Tensions• Great Awakening

o Revival of strong _________________________________________o Each person could have an ________________________ relationship with Godo Challenged the authority of the Anglican Church as well as the power of the_________________ (head

of the church)o If people can ____________________ God on their own, can they ________________ themselves also?

Setting the Scene • The rivalry in North America between England and France led to the French and Indian War, in which the French

were driven out of _________________ and their territories west of the Appalachian Mountains. (1754-1763)• As a result of the war, England took several actions that angered the American colonies and led to the

______________________________________

Anglo-Franco Rivalry • The “French and Indian War”, the colonial part of the “_________________________________” that ravaged

Europe from 1754 to 1763, was the bloodiest American war in the 1700’s. It took more lives than the AmericanRevolution, involved people on _____________ continents, including the ________________________.

The French And Indian War French and English Collide

• Starts at the Battle of Ft. __________________________________• First “battle” for a young George ___________________________• Takes place in the backwoods of Southwest Pennsylvania• Sparked the larger European conflict knows as the ____________________________________

Albany Plan of Union • English officials suggested a “union between ye Royal, Proprietary and Charter Governments."• Some colonial leaders agreed (June 1754) delegates from most of the northern colonies and representatives

from the Six Iroquois Nations met in _______________________, New York.• They decided on a "plan of union" drafted by ______________________________.

French and Indian War Ends • Treaty of ______________________________________

o Vast concessions by __________________o All of New France (__________________) to Englando Louisiana to _____________________

• Effectso Britain

_____________________ supremacy Control of ________________________________

o Colonies New relationship with the _____________________

Proclamation of 1763 • The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited settlement west of the _________________________________________,

a region that was costly for the British to protect.

Road to Revolution Colonial Resistance and Rebellion

• The __________________________________________________________ sought to halt the westward expansion of thecolonist, thus the colonist believed the British government did not care about their needs

• This was one of many measures passed by the _____________________________________________________ that would bestrenuously opposed by the American Colonists

No Taxation Without Representation • Huge debt from the _______________________________________ War caused the English Parliament to impose a series of

taxes on the colonists• The ____________________________ and the ____________________________ were two such taxes

The Sugar Act • The Sugar Act (1764) placed _____________________ (taxes) on certain imports that had not been taxed before• More importantly, it meant colonists accused of violating the Act were tried in ___________________________

_______________________________ rather than Colonial Courts

The Stamp Act • In March of 1765 Parliament passed the ______________________________________ which imposed a tax on documents and

printed items such as wills, newspapers, and cards (a stamp would then be placed on the item)

Resistance Grows • In May 1765 Colonists formed secret resistance group called, ______________________________________ to protest laws• Merchants agree to boycott _______________________ goods until the Acts are repealed

More Taxes, More Protests • More taxes and acts soon followed:

- _______________________________ Act - _______________________________ Acts• The Townshend Acts taxed goods brought into the colonies from Britain – including lead, paint, glass, paper and

____________________

Tension Mounts in Massachusetts • The atmosphere in Boston was extremely ____________________• The city erupted in bloody clashes and a daring tax protest, all of which pushed the colonists and England closer to war• _______________________________ was in 1770 when a mob taunted British soldiers – 5 colonists were killed

Boston Tea Party 1773

Brits Respond to Tea Vandals • After _____________ pounds of tea was dumped by colonists into Boston Harbor, King George III was infuriated• Parliament responded by passing the ____________________________________________; which included the closing of the

Harbor, the Quartering Act, Martial law in Boston

The Road to Revolution • Colonists start to organize and communicate• ____________________________________________________________ met in 1774 and drew up rights• Military preparation began• England reacts by ordering troops to seize _____________________________

Lexington and Concord • With Paul Revere’s announcement, the Colonists and the British began fighting in April of ____________• The first battle of the _________________________________________ lasted only 15 minutes, but its impact has lasted for

over 200 years

Thomas Paine (1737-1809) • British

- Moved to America (1774) - Opponent of __________________________• Called for ___________________________

Common Sense (1776) • Published Common Sense, a pamphlet, in 1776

o Sold more than ______________________ copies (75x more than average successful paper)• Talks about:

o Problems of the monarchyo Why America should be __________________________o "The cause of America is, in a great measure, the cause of all mankind."

The Declaration of Independence • was drafted by Ben Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson• The main author was ___________________________________, and he actually wrote the 1st copy.

Declaring Independence 1776 • Declaring independence in _______________ was not easy for the colonists. They discussed it for 1 month• On July 2, 1776, 12 states decided to declare independence from ______________________________-

o Only New York did not vote• The Declaration of Independence was adopted on ________________, 1776• 13 states unanimously approved, and the __________________________________________ America was born!• This was __________________________ in the eyes of the king!

Declaration of Independence - Section 1 • The introduction to the Declaration of Independence explains why colonists want to separate from Britain

o It is called the ________________________

Declaration of Independence - Section 2 • The 2nd section of the D of I “We hold these truths… happiness” says that

o _______________________ are formed to protect the rights of the _______________________o that if the government ignores the rights of the people, then a new government can be _____________

• Established the concept that “all men are created ____________________” and are given “certain unalienable__________________, that among these are life, ____________________, and the pursuit of happiness”

Declaration of Independence - Section 3 • The 3rd section of the Declaration of Independence lists the grievances the colonists have with King George• They are upset with his actions and they call him a _________________________!• List of Grievances

• Changed how colonies governed when he closed colonial legislatures after the Boston Tea Partyo Had to quarter __________________________ in homeso No _______________ to help colonies

(Proclamation of 1763)o Taxation without ________________________________

(Sugar Tax, Stamp Tax, Townshend Taxes, etc.)o Wouldn’t allow them to _______________________ with other countries (only the Mother Country)o No _________________ trials (and he arrested people in Boston after the Tea Party if broke curfew)o No protection from ___________________ (did nothing to stop Indian raids in the Ohio River Valley)o Declared _________________ on his own people (at Lexington and Concord)

Declaration of Independence - Section 4 • Section 4 of the Declaration of Independence pointed out that King George III ignored the colonists when they reached out

to him with the _____________________________________ Petition

Declaration of Independence - Section 5 • Section 5 of the Declaration of Independence was the actual section in which the colonies declare

________________________________________

1

I. Background

United States History Unit 2: Revolution and Constitution

Lecture and Discussion: The American Revolution

A. The Divided Colonies1. 1/3 Patriots- Support Independence2.

3. 1/3 Undecided- Lacked Commitment4.

B. Strengths and Weaknesses1. Great Britain’s Strengths

a. Professional Armyb.c. Loyalist Support/ African Americand. Native American Supporte.

2. Great Britain’s Weaknesses

a. b. Long Supply Lines

3. American Strengthsa. b. c. George Washington

4. American Weaknessesa. b. No Navyc.

II. Important Battles

A. Lexington & Concord (April 1775)1. Stockpiles of Ammunition at Concord(20 Miles from Boston)2.3. American Victory4.

B. The Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775)1. Actually Breeds Hill2.

c. d. Wrong Tactics

3. Patriots Fight Tenaciously4.5.6. British Leave

C. Trenton & Princeton

1. Americans Defeated in NY2.3.4. Crosses Delaware River

D. Saratoga (September 1777)1.

5. 6. 1,400 Hessians Captured7. Morale Boost

2. Moves from Canada with a Force of 8,0003. General Gates Surrounds Burgoyne at Saratoga4. Decisive American Victory5.6. Help From Abroad

a. b. Marquis de Lafayettec. Baron von Steuben

F. Valley Forge Winter 1777 - Disease/ Starvation/ Desertion1. What made Washington a great leader?2.

3. British Warm and Well-Supplied in Philadelphia

G. The Battle of Yorktown (October 1781)1. Cornwallis Moves to Yorktown to be reinforced with Fresh Troops and Supplies.2. Trap is Set

a. French Navy Cuts Off the Chesapeakeb. Lafayette is Reinforced by Washington

3. 4.

III. The Treaty of Paris (1783)

A. Great Britain Recognizes United States

B.

C. Mississippi River Boarder Between Spanish Territory and New Nation- The UnitedStates of America

D.

E. Great Britain Removes Troops

F.

American Revolution Study Guide:

1. Two parts: (a) What caused the French & Indian War? (b) Name the two side that fought in the French & Indian War.

2. What was the name of the treaty that ended the French & Indian War in 1763?

3. What was the Proclamation of 1763?

4. Two part question: (a) What was the Stamp Act? (b) How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?

5. Two part question: (a) What were the Intolerable Acts? (b) How did the colonists respond to the Intolerable Acts?

6. Who was the King of England at the start of the war?

7. What was the Boston Massacre?

8. Who was Crispus Attucks?

9. What was the Boston Tea Party?

10. Colonists decided to meet at the First Continental Congress in 1774 to respond to what action by the British government?

11. What incident between colonial minutemen and British soldiers proved to be the beginning of the American Revolution?

12. Two part question: (a) Who wrote Common Sense? (b) Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?

13. The Declaration of Independence is based upon the ideas of which European Enlightenment thinker?

14. Two part question: (a) What is a “patriot”? (b) What is a “loyalist”?

15. Two part question: (a) Which European country did the Americans try to ally with during the Revolutionary War? (b) Whowas the American diplomat who successfully negotiated this alliance?

16. Why was Saratoga the “turning point” battle of the Revolutionary War?

17. Three part question: During American Revolution, (a) who was Lafayette? (b) who was Cornwallis? (c) who was Von Stueben

18. Why was Yorktown an important battle during the Revolutionary War?

19. What was the Treaty of Paris, 1783?

Major Battles Battle/Event Winner Significance

Lexington and Concord

Bunker Hill

Winter at Valley Forge

Trenton

Saratoga

Yorktown

Colonial Army Strengths Colonial Army Weaknesses British Army Strengths British Army Weaknesses