BELLRINGERBELLRINGER

Use Section 4 notes toUse Section 4 notes to answer the following.answer the following.

1. What was the main goal of early 1. What was the main goal of early European exploration?European exploration?

2. Who was the first explorer to find a 2. Who was the first explorer to find a water route to Asia?water route to Asia?

3. What European country controlled 3. What European country controlled the sea route around Africa.the sea route around Africa.

Chapter One:Chapter One: Converging Cultures Converging Cultures

Section Five:Section Five: Europe Encounters Europe Encounters America.America.

A. The VikingsA. The Vikings

The first Europeans The first Europeans

to settle in America to settle in America

were the Vikings.were the Vikings.

These people were fromThese people were from ScandinaviaScandinavia..

They made settlements in America They made settlements in America around the year around the year 1000 A.D1000 A.D..

However, the Vikings’ However, the Vikings’ settlements did not last.settlements did not last.

Why don’t we give the Why don’t we give the Vikings as much attention asVikings as much attention aswe give Christopher Columbus?we give Christopher Columbus?

B. Christopher ColumbusB. Christopher Columbus

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbuswas an Italian born was an Italian born navigator.navigator.

He believed that Europe and Asia were He believed that Europe and Asia were not all that far apart and that he could not all that far apart and that he could get there by sailing west across the get there by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Ocean.

However, no rulers were willing to However, no rulers were willing to financially support Columbus’ journey.financially support Columbus’ journey.

Why?Why?

Then in 1492, Then in 1492, King FerdinandKing Ferdinand and and Queen IsabellaQueen Isabella of of SpainSpain agreed to agreed to sponsor Columbus.sponsor Columbus.

Columbus was given Columbus was given three ships, the three ships, the NinaNina, , the the PintaPinta and the and the Santa MariaSanta Maria..

After more than two months,After more than two months, Columbus finally reached the Columbus finally reached the Caribbean (the island ofCaribbean (the island of San SalvadorSan Salvador).).

Believing he had reached Believing he had reached IndiaIndia, he , he called the people he saw called the people he saw IndiansIndians..

Columbus returned to America Columbus returned to America fourfour more times and explored other more times and explored other Caribbean islands. Caribbean islands.

HeHe never never knew he had knew he had

discovered a discovered a new new

continent.continent.

C. Spain Claims AmericaC. Spain Claims America

By the 1500’s, Spain was eager to By the 1500’s, Spain was eager to make colonies in America.make colonies in America.

However, Portugal also wanted to However, Portugal also wanted to claim parts of America.claim parts of America.

To prevent war, theTo prevent war, the two countries came to two countries came to an agreement:an agreement: The Treaty of TordesillasThe Treaty of Tordesillas..

The treaty drew The treaty drew a line of a line of demarcationdemarcation down the middle of the down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Ocean.

Spain would getSpain would get everything toeverything tothe the westwest of of the line, Portugal the line, Portugal would get would get everythingeverythingto the to the easteast..

Trivia Questions:Trivia Questions:

What is the only country in South What is the only country in South America that doesn’t speak America that doesn’t speak Spanish?Spanish?

What is their official language?What is their official language?

What does the Treaty of What does the Treaty of Tordesillas have to do with this?Tordesillas have to do with this?

Italian explorer Italian explorer Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci, , concluded that this new land was concluded that this new land was notnot Asia, but a new continent.Asia, but a new continent.

Therefore, the new Therefore, the new land was later namedland was later named for him in his for him in his honor – honor – AmericaAmerica..

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan discovered a discovered a strait (small stretch of water strait (small stretch of water connecting two larger bodies of connecting two larger bodies of water) in Southern South America.water) in Southern South America.

He managed to navigate his way He managed to navigate his way through the strait to the ocean on through the strait to the ocean on the other side.the other side.

He named this ocean He named this ocean “The Pacific”“The Pacific”, , which means which means peacefulpeaceful..

His crew continued their journey all the His crew continued their journey all the way back to Spain.way back to Spain.

They became the firstThey became the first

people to people to circumnavigate circumnavigate --

go all the way aroundgo all the way around

the world. the world.

D. The Columbian ExchangeD. The Columbian Exchange

The exchange of The exchange of animalsanimals, , plantsplants, , ideasideas and and diseasesdiseases from Europe to from Europe to the Americas and the Americas to the Americas and the Americas to Europe.Europe.

Examples from Europe to the Examples from Europe to the AmericasAmericas;;

--Wheat, horses, firearms, small Wheat, horses, firearms, small pox.pox.

Examples from Americas to EuropeExamples from Americas to Europe;;

-Potatoes, chocolate, -Potatoes, chocolate, tobacco, corntobacco, corn

-Millions of Native -Millions of Native Americans died Americans died from diseases from diseases brought over by brought over by Europeans. Europeans.

REVIEWREVIEW

1. What does the word 1. What does the word circumnavigate mean?circumnavigate mean?

2. Who was Ferdinand Magellan 2. Who was Ferdinand Magellan and what did he do?and what did he do?

3. How did the Columbian 3. How did the Columbian Exchange change the world?Exchange change the world?