i
THE ANALYSIS OF POST-FEMINISM THEORY
APPLIED IN THE LANGUAGE USED BY
MARGARET THATCHER IN THE IRON LADY
MOVIE
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Agustina Rante Allo
Student Number: 111214148
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2016
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Not all of us can do great things. But we can do
small things with great love.
(Mother Teresa)
So do not fear, for I am with you; do not
be dismayed, for I am your God. I will
strengthen you and help you; I will
uphold you with my righteous right
hand. (Isaiah 41:10)
With the Lord of the World for the World of the
Lord. (Constitution of the Congregation of JMJ)
Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam
(St. Ignatius OF Loyola)
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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain
the work or parts of other people’s work, except those cited in the quotations and
the references, as scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, March 10th, 2016
The Writer
Agustina Rante Allo
111214148
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA
ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama : Agustina Rante Allo
NIM : 111214148
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
THE ANALYSIS OF POST-FEMINISM THEORY APPLIED IN THE
LANGUAGE USED BY MARGARET THATCHER IN THE IRON LADY
MOVIE
Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian, saya
memberikan kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk
menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk
pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di
internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin
dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan
nama saya sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat sebenarnya
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal: 10 Maret 2016
Yang menyatakan:
Agustina Rante Allo
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ABSTRACT
Rante Allo, Agustina. (2016). The Analysis of Post-Feminism Theory Applies in
the Language Used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady Movie.
Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Programe, Sanata Dharma
University.
This undergraduate research analyses the post-feminism theory applies in the
language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie. Therefore, there are
two problems discussed in this research. The first one is how Margaret Thatcher in
The Iron Lady movie applies post-feminism theory through the way she interacts with
other gender. The second one is about the reactions of people around to her political
decisions.
This research is a qualitative and document analysis research. The data source
of which was the language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie’s
transcript. The researcher used check-list as the instrument of the data gathering
technique to analyse and categorize the language used by Margaret Thatcher to
answer the problems formulation. Based on the analysis, there are two findings that
can be used to answer the problems formulation.
The first finding describes the four Post-feminist Characteristics found in
Margaret’s languages used in The Iron Lady movie. Those characteristics are;
General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism, Female Identity Crisis, Focus on the
Individual, and Revival of Traditional Femininities. The second finding reveals the
people reactions on Margaret’s political decisions. There were two types of people
reactions founded. The first reaction is internal reactions that emerged from the
closest people around her; her family and the members of her party. The second
reaction is external reactions that emerged from her oppositional party and wide
public rebellion. Both of the reactions; internal and external appears in words and
actions of the people, which are publish through mass media; newspaper, TV, radio.
The researcher also provides some suggestions for English lecturers and
future researchers. The lecturers in English Language Education Study Program
(ELESP) can use this movie to teach in Movie Interpretation class. While for the
future researchers, they can analyse some other aspects of this movie which have
never been discussed.
Keywords: The Iron Lady Movie, Margaret Thatcher, Post-feminism, People
Reaction.
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ABSTRAK
Rante Allo, Agustina. (2016). The Analysis of Post-Feminism Theory Applies in
the Language Used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady Movie.
Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Programe, Sanata Dharma
University.
Skripsi ini menganalisa penerapan teori postfeminis dalam bahasa yang
digunakan Margaret Thatcher dalam film The Iron Lady. Oleh karena itu, ada dua
umusan permasalahan pokok yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Permasalahan
pokok yang pertama tentang bagaimana Margaret dalam film The Iron Lady
menerapkan teori posfeminis melalui caranya berinteraksi dengan kaum pria.
Permasalahan pokok yang kedua tentang reaksi dari orang-orang terhadap
kebijakan politik dari Margaret.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan analisis dokumen. Sumber
utama penelitian ini adalah bahasa yang digunakan oleh Margaret Thatcher dalam
film The Iron Lady. Peneliti menggunakan check-list sebagai instrumen penelitian
dan mengkategorikan bahasa yang digunakan Margaret untuk menjawab rumusan
permasalahan. Berdasarkan analisa tersebut, ada dua temuan yang dapat digunakan
untuk menjawab rumusan permasalahan.
Penemuan pertama menjelaskan keempat karakter posfeminis yang
diterapkan dalam bahasa yang digunakan Margaret dalam film The Iron Lady.
Keempat karakterikstik itu adalah; penolakan umum terhadap feminisme gelombang
kedua, krisis identitas ke-wanitaan, fokus pada kesenangan pribadi, dan
membangkitkan kembali tradisi kewanitaan awal. Penemuan kedua mengungkapkan
tentang reaksi orang-orang terhadap kebijakan politik Margaret. penulis menemukan
ada dua jenis reaksi yang muncul terhadap kebijakan politik Margaret. Reaksi
pertama adalah reaksi intern yang muncul dari orang terdekat Margaret sendiri;
keluarga dan partainya. Reaksi kedua adalah reaksi ekstern yang muncul dari partai
oposisi dan dari masyarakat pemberontak. Kedua jenis reaksi tersebut; baik intern
maupun yang ekstern, muncul dalam bentuk kata-kata dan aksi, baik yang positif
maupun negatif dan di publikasikan lewat media massa; Koran, Televisi, dan Radio.
Penulis juga mempersiapkan beberapa saran untuk para dosen dan para
peneliti selanjutnya. Untuk para dosen yang mengajar di Pendidkian Bahasa Inggris
dapat menggunakan film ini dalam mengajar kelas Movie Interpretation. Sedangkan
bagi peneliti selanjutnya, dapat menggunakan film ini untuk membahas topic-topik
lain yang kiranya belum pernah didiskusikan sebelumnya
Kata Kunci: The Iron Lady Movie, Margaret Thatcher, Post-feminism, People
Reaction.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to deliver my greatest gratitude to the Almighty God and
Lord Jesus Christ. I thank Him for being with me in all my ways of life. I
present this thesis to my beloved Congregation of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph. To
all my fellow nuns of Jakarta Province, to my fellow nuns of Trimargo Convent,
and especially to my provincial Sr. Vinsensia Siunta, JMJ and provincial
councils, Sr. Francinetty Manua, JMJ and Sr. Yulita Dammen, JMJ. I present
this thesis also to the Rev. Mathias Wolff, SJ, the founder of my congregation,
for only by his continuously prayer in the presence of God that I can finish this
thesis well.
Foremost, I would like to express my special gratitude to my thesis
advisor, Christina Kristiyani, S.Pd., M.Pd., who has become a great supporter
as I struggle to finish this thesis. I am very blessed for her encouragement,
support, guidance, ideas, suggestions, her times, and patience that becomes great
helps in completing this thesis. I also express my most gratitude to all my
lecturers in PBI who guide and help me during my study, especially to my
academic advisor, Yuseva Ariyani Iswandari, S.Pd., M.Ed.
My gratitude is also for my mother and my loving departed father, my
brother, my younger brother, and both of their family, because of their prayer
and support I can finish this thesis well. My most special thanks also goes for my
entire classmates, class C 2011; especially for Cici, Helmy, Ria, Desca, Sr.
Mikaela, KYM, and all of those who I cannot mention their name one by one. I
am so blessed to be in this class with all of you. I stay young and strong because
of you all.
Agustina Rante Allo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL PAGES .................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION PAGE ................................................................................... iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ............................................. v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .............................................. vi
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................ ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. x
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................ xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background........................................................................ 1
B. Research Questions ........................................................................... 5
C. Research Objectives .......................................................................... 5
D. Research Benefits .............................................................................. 6
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E. Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 7
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Description ............................................................... 10
1. Post-feminism Theory ........................................................... 10
2. Post-feminist Characteristics ................................................. 14
a. General Rejection on Second Wave Feminism ............... 14
b. Female Identity Crisis ..................................................... 15
c. Focus on the Individual ................................................... 15
d. Revival of Traditional Femininity ................................... 16
3. Social Reactions Theory ....................................................... 16
4. Language and Gender Theory ............................................... 18
5. The Explanation of the Subject ............................................. 20
B. Theoretical Framework ............................................................... 21
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Method ............................................................................... 22
B. Research Setting ................................................................................ 23
C. Data Source ....................................................................................... 23
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique ...................... 24
E. Data Analysis Technique .................................................................. 25
F. Research Procedures ......................................................................... 27
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Postfeminist Characteristics in Margaret Thatcher’s Language ....... 30
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1. Focus on the Individual ......................................................... 31
2. Revival of Traditional Femininities....................................... 34
3. General Rejection on Second Wave Feminism ..................... 37
a. Margaret’s Personal Life ................................................ 38
b. Margaret’s Political Life ................................................ 39
4. Female Identity Crisis............................................................ 41
B. People Reactions on Margaret Thatcher’s Political Decisions ......... 41
1. Internal Reactions..................................................................... 42
2. External Reactions ................................................................... 45
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusions ....................................................................................... 48
B. Recommendations ............................................................................. 51
REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 53
APPENDICES .............................................................................................. 56
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Table 3.1 ........................................................................................................ 26
Table 3.2 ........................................................................................................ 27
Table 4.1 ........................................................................................................ 30
Table 4.2 ........................................................................................................ 42
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices Page
The Iron Lady Movie’s synopsis .................................................................. 56
Appendix A Post-feminist Characteristics in Margaret’s Language ............. 63
Appendix B Types of People Reactions on Margaret’s Decisions ............... 85
Appendix C Motivation Words that Affects Margaret’s Decisions .............. 102
Appendix D Underestimated Words on Margaret’s Background ............. 104
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter is divided into six sections. The first section is the
research background. This section explains the descriptions of the research
and the reason for the topic chosen. The second is the research questions,
this section presents the formulation of questions discussed or analyzed in
the research. The third is the research limitation that explains the focus and
the limit scope to discuss in the research. The fourth is the research
objectives. This section will cover the goal of the research. The fifth is the
research benefits. It discusses the advantages of this research. The sixth is
the definition of terms which contains the important key terms mentioned
in this research to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation.
A. Research Background
Movies are made to be watched and listened. Movies appeal to
human’s visual and aural senses. Like any art forms, movies are also
meant to be felt and understood, to appeal to human emotions and minds.
Movies are open to the world for being interpreted. By watching movies,
people can have the better understanding of how to deal with life. They
1
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can also think critically about other’s personality and analyze the ideology
of each character in a particular action.
Movies are also considered as the representative of human life in
reality. Through movies, people can learn the different representation of
human’s characters, emotions, struggles, feelings, and philosophy of life.
Movies can drive people to be critical about their aspect of life and how to
live their life. Also, through movies, people will not only see the
representation of one’s character but also will see what life is and how it
works from different perspectives. Even in religious aspects, movies are
also playing its role. In prayer, human creativity combines with divine
creativity through imagination. The same thing happens when people use
film as a prayer (J. Pungent, SJ & M. Williams, SJ, 2004). By the time
people watch a movie, they are not only entertained, but they are also
being formed (Y. Iswarahadi, SJ in rohani, 2012). In other words, movie is
a way for people to see their own world through the story and the
characters which are represented in it.
Since movies are rich in valuable lessons of life, many researchers
work on the analysis of movies from all aspects of life. This research is
going to analyze ideology revealed in Margaret Thatcher character’s
through the language used in The Iron Lady movie.
In this research, researcher is going to analyze the language used
by Margaret Thatcher’s character in The Iron Lady movie because the
researcher wanted to investigate the explicit and implicit content of that
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movie and focus on how the character of Margaret Thatcher in that movie
used the language; spoken, body language, idea, and expression in order to
interact with other gender, especially on her political decision. Also, the
researcher used The Iron Lady movie because of the female actress of this
movie is reflected the true story of The Iron Lady itself; Margaret Thatcher
portrayed by Meryl Streep.
Margaret Thatcher (MT) is the first woman of Prime Minister who
served in the United Kingdom and the longest-serving Prime Minister in
the modern era of England. She is known as the Woman's of Baja or the
Woman’s of iron (Iron Lady) hooked up with a nickname given by the
USSR (Soviet) to her. In her policy Margaret Thatcher is always true to
her views and cannot accept other people's opinions. She will perform
with a firm decision despite many rumors against it. Based on Margaret
Thatcher real life background, the researcher wants to focus on post-
feminism value in the way she thinks and leads the country as a Prime
Minister.
Language is considered as one of the most important elements of
human society since the language is used to communicate and to express
the human ideas. Aitchison (2003) states that humans can communicate in
numerous ways, for instance; they can wink, wave, smile, and even tap
someone on the shoulder which is also considered as the way of
communication. Brown (2005) emphasizes on language as a system of
arbitrary conventionalized vocal, written or gestural symbols that enable
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members to communicate intelligibly between one and another. Wibowo
(2001:3) adds that language is a system of symbols that are meaningful
and articulate sound which are arbitrary and conventional. Schipper (2003)
also states that language is a form of communication that is based on a
system of symbol, whether it is spoken, written, or signed. Communication
itself means a behavior that is directed at another member of the same
species and may affect the recipient’s behavior and the initiator subsequent
behavior.
Coates (1998), states that the most affecting social factor in the
communication is gender. Gender is the biggest influence among all of the
social factors of how people interact. In some areas, the society treats a
certain behavior towards men and women. It is based on how culture
interprets the biological differences in terms of sex, include expectation on
how man and woman behave and speak. Through language used, people
can show their status level in the society. Someone’s ideology of life can
be represented through the language used. People can also judge one
another personality through the language they used.
Feminism is the movement and ideology that attain women’s
rights to create the world for women beyond social equality (Humm: 406).
Feminism’s ideology is fighting for the women to gain their opportunity to
have a higher education and to do male’s jobs. They also get their
maternity leave and equal payment in the workplace.
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Feminism itself has some varieties movements, e.g. Radical
Feminism, Liberal Feminism, Marxist Feminism, Socialist Feminism and
Post-feminism. Post-feminism has the different manifestation of feminism.
Post-feminism is often judged as anti-feminism movements because most
of the characteristics of Post-feminism are about rejecting some concepts
of feminism. The simplest idea of post-feminism represents pluralism or
respect differences (Brooks, 1997). In post-feminism, there is more
differences or gender gap between man and women because they are
people.
B. Research Questions
Departing from the background, there are some questions
formulated. The questions are as follows:
1. How does Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie applies post-
feminism theory through the way she interacts with another gender?
2. How are the reactions of people to her political decisions?
C. Research Objectives
In accordance with the statement of the questions, this thesis aims:
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1. To investigate how does Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie
applies post-feminism theory through the way she interacts with
another gender.
2. To investigate how are the reactions of people around to her political
decisions.
D. Research Benefits
This research aims to give benefits to English lecturers and future
researchers to enrich their knowledge on Post-feminism. The purpose also
might get some information about the proper roles and behavior of women
in the society. In extras, the readers might learn how well a woman named
Margaret Thatcher is able to be equal with man in her political position.
For the English lecturers, this research is expected that the English
lecturers can use it to develop interactive teaching-learning activities in
Movies Interpretation Class. In addition, the lecturers can increase the
students’ interest and creativity in interpreting a movie. They can also help
the students to make a comparison between the roles of women in
Margaret Thatcher era and women in today’s era.
For the future researchers, this research aims to give a meaningful
contribution to other researchers who want to conduct further studies in the
same field. The researcher also expects that this research can provide the
researchers an additional reference on how to change the conservative
mind of the society towards the feminist movement.
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E. Definition of Terms
Some specific terms will be used in this research. In order to make
a better understanding and get the same idea from the research, this section
will represent some definition of terms that are used in this research.
1. Post-feminism Theory
Brooks (1997), she states that post-feminism today is not about
what comes after feminism, but it is about the conceptual shifts within
feminism. In addition, Braithwaite (2004), states that post-feminism is
now a label for a wide range of theories that take critical approaches to
previous feminist discourses.
2. Margaret Thatcher
Margaret is the first woman to hold the position as Prime Minister
in the United Kingdom. During her three terms, she cut social welfare
programs, reduced trade union power and privatized certain industries. She
has served the United Kingdom as a Prime Minister for eleven and a half
years, from May 4th, 1779 until her resignation on November 28th, 1990.
She died on April 8, 2013, at age 87.
3. The Iron Lady Movie
This movie is a surprising and intimate portrait of Margaret
Thatcher (Meryl Streep), the first and only female Prime Minister of the
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United Kingdom. One of the 20th century's most famous and influential
women, Thatcher came from nowhere to smash through barriers of gender
and class to be heard in a male dominated world. Much more than a
biographical epic, the film is also the surprisingly intimate journey of a
"common" grocer's daughter whose social ambition and steel will -- along
with the love of her husband and confidant, Denis (Jim Broadbent) —
propelled her to unprecedented power. Combining fact, fiction and poetic
flight of imagination – as well as flashbacks -- director Phyllida Lloyd
creates a portrait that reveals the many faces of Thatcher: the hard-nosed
conservative; the woman who demolished the barriers of gender and class
in a male-dominated world; the spirited wife and mother who longed to
change her country for the better.
This movie was made in London, 2008. The story began with the
elderly former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher prepares breakfast for
her husband Denis, as she has every morning of their married life. Denis is
alive only in her imagination.
Once described in life as “always present, never there”, Denis is
still present for Margaret. Is he a loving memory made flesh? A
manifestation of her grief? Or perhaps her conscience, taking her to the
task?
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Locked in the infuriating inaction of retirement and battling ill
health, Margaret is ambushed by memories. Fragments of her private life
and of her premiership crowd into her mind and she relives them in vivid
detail. As she struggles to maintain her equilibrium, Denis teases and
needles her. The struggle, the triumphs, the betrayals – in the end, what
did she achieve? When all is said and done, was it worth it?
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of two sections. The first section is the
Theoretical Description which consists of two theories. Those theories are
the theory of Post-feminism and theory of People Reaction. The second
section is the Theoretical Framework which presents how the theories will
be used in the research to answer the questions formulation.
A. Theoretical Description
This section consists of five theories, namely: the development of
Post-feminism Theory, Post-feminist Characteristics, Social Reaction
Theory, Language and Gender Theory, and the explanation of the subject;
The Iron Lady movie.
1. Post-feminism Theory
Feminism is a movement which is fighting for the rights of
women so that women get out of injustice. Feminism is a political
movement that reviews various aspects of life. Feminism itself has been
through several stages of development. Recently, feminism is still as a hot
issue to be discussed. The history of feminism is divided into three waves.
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The first wave of Feminism has been revealed in 1792 until 1960.
It has been known by the writer Wollstonecraft in The Vindication of the
Rights of Women. There is some feminism flows in this era. Some of them
are; Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, Anarchist Feminism, Marxist
Feminism, and Socialist Feminism. All of those flows are fighting for the
development of the rational side of women. They are focused on
individuals’ autonomy practice, but still do not eliminate discrimination
against women (Sanders, 1999).
The second wave of Feminism was revealed in 1960-1980. It is
marked by the publication of “The Feminine Mystique” (Freidan, 1997)
and was followed by the establishment of National Organization for
Woman. This wave appears as a reaction to the dissatisfaction of women
on various discriminations they experienced. They are fighting for the
universalism. Feminism flows of this era are; Existential Feminism and
Gynocentrism Feminism.
The third wave of Feminism is revealed in 1980 up to nowadays.
This movement is well known as Post-feminism. It emerges as the result
of varieties criticism of feminism universalism in the second wave. Pilcher
(2004), states that to comprehend post-feminism, it is a must to state that
there is no agreement about how post-feminism can be described; the
definition or terms is usually “essentially contradict” (Pilcher, 2004, p:
105). It means that there is a pro and against towards post-feminism. The
pro-state that post-feminism is a different manifestation of feminism”,
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while the contra said that post-feminism is an anti-feminist movement
(Pilcher, 2004, p: 106).
Brooks (1977), argues that “it is not a question of depoliticizing
feminism, but of marking the conceptual shift from the ‘old’ and the ‘new’
form of debates around the revivified and theorized concept of
difference”. The conceptual shift means here is about accepting pluralism
to shape equality than create equality. In addition, Brooks states that post-
feminism represents feminism’s maturity, a development into a confident
body of theory and politics, representing pluralism and difference.
Mills (1989), notes that the frame of post-feminism is useful to
signify how feminism becomes rewritten, depoliticized and incorporated
into media accounts of contemporary culture. Furthermore, Brooks states
that feminism is not necessarily anti-feminist. Based on this border
perspectives, Braithwaite stated that post-feminism are not simply
reactions against or anti-feminism as cited in Brooks (1977: p. 27).
In addition, Gill (2007) states that post-feminism should be thought
of as "a sensibility". Besides, post-feminism also should be acknowledged
to be the cultural mood regarding gender that pervades Western countries
in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century.
Post-feminism itself has some flows with their own uniqueness.
The first is Postmodern Feminism (known as Posmo). The idea of Posmo
is antiabsolute and antiauthority. This flow found that ‘gender’ does not
mean as significant identity or social structure automatically. Posmo
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Feminism illustrates that the differences between men and women need to
be accepted and nurtured. More specifically, this flow rejects the
authority.
The second flow is Multicultural Feminism. Multicultural
feminism focused on the view that not all women are created or
constructed equally in a country. They are different in all aspects of life;
not only on races and ethnicities differences’, but also different from
sexual identity, gender identity, age, religion, education level, occupation,
and marital status. This flow is generally identifying as the social-
intellectual movement that promoting the value of diversity as a principle
key. Multicultural also emphasize that all cultural groups must be
respected and treated equally.
The third flow is Global Feminism. Global Feminist claimed that
the oppression of women can also be caused by an unfair system. The
global feminist highlights the inequality between first world countries and
third world countries which have a different system of government. Thus
extending the global feminist agenda into a cross-country-women’s
liberation and nation.
The fourth flow of post-feminism is Ecofeminism. This flow is a
movement that seeks to create and preserve nature and the environment
with based femininity. Baxter (2006), tried to arouse and knock the heart
of feminist to pay more attention to their natural environment.
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Ecofeminism assumes that this natural phenomenon occurs because the act
of masculine hegemonic and exploitative.
2. Post-feminist Characteristics
As an ideology of life, post-feminism also has some
characteristics. This research found some characteristics of post-feminism
from some writers. Here, the researcher chose feminist characteristics by
Faludi’s: backlash theory, Grant’s: advice manual and some addition from
Braithwaite Journal. There are four characteristics of post-feminism found.
a. General Rejection on the Second Wave of Feminism
Braithwaite’s theory states that woman of this characteristics are
grateful for the freedoms and equalities made possible by the feminist
movement, but at the same time blame it for making them miserable with
pressures and high expectations. Women feel forced to apply what
feminism won for them; juggling a bona fide career and a family
(Braithwaite, 2004, p; 21-22). In addition, Grant asserts that woman who
focuses her energy to shape her career has her time left over to improve
her relationships, to support her man, and to raise her children. Besides,
Faludi (1992) in her book said that many contemporary women are
supposedly angry that feminism has weighed them down with high
expectations, specifically with balancing a career and home or family life.
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b. Female Identity Crisis
This characteristic states that women today are not familiar with
the term womanhood, because ‘feminism did not prepare them for the
roles as women’ (Friedan, 1997, p: 75). Feminism has promised her-
‘women’-a stronger sense of her own identity. Feminism also has given
her little more than an identity crisis, the best-seller advice manual being a
Woman asserts. Grant asserted that contemporary women have a real
course because feminism placing so much emphasis on career and taking
not enough attention on marriage and motherhood. In addition, Grant
explained that the dilemma of the contemporary woman is shown when
she tries to decide whether she want to be a single career girl or to be a
mother/housewife. It happens because the price she has had to pay in order
to gain the whole world often feels like the loss of her very soul.
c. Focus on the Individualism
The third character of post-feminism is focused on the individual
for personal pleasure. These may include fashion, beauty, sexiness, fun,
pleasure, and even include self-existence; “Look…! I am a woman, and I
can do it better than men’s!”. This also signifies of indulgence that
considers ‘a rebellion against the old regime of feminism’ and ‘lifestyle
choices and personal consumer pleasures’ (Braithwaite, 2004, p: 23 and
24).
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d. Revival of Traditional Femininity
In this last but not least characteristics of post-feminism, post-
feminism’s eagerness to participate in the revival of traditional femininity.
It can be shown through motherhood and domesticity-men, children,
family, and life at home, which is not in the plot of feminism. This
characteristic is also fighting for a normal family life as it should be. On
one side a mother could have had a brilliant career outside the home, but
on the other hand, she also became a brilliant mother and wife inside home
as befits a traditional woman. Faludi (1992) mentioned that women had
enough of the need for equality and they started claiming that they only
wanted to be the guardians of motherhood and domesticity, the
housekeepers of national politics (Faludi, 287). Besides, feminists failed
women by promoting the Equal Rights Amendment, pushing for no-fault
divorce laws, and ignoring motherhood. Women today are now realizing
that this is considered as one of the alternative lifestyles.
3. Social Reactions Theory
Labeling is a definition when given to a person will become the
identity of that person, and explain how the type of particular person. By
labeling a person, people tend to see him as a whole personality and not
the behavior one by one. Lemert (in Sunarto, 2004) states that labeling
theory is the deviation caused by the labeling of society to someone who
then tends to continue these deviations. The labeling theory inspired by
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17
symbolic interactionism perspective and has evolved in such a way to
research and testing in various fields such as criminology, mental health,
health, and education. Labeling theory has started by Lemert and symbolic
interactionism of Herbert Mead (in Sunarto, 2004). Later, this theory
develops by Becker in 1963. Initially, the Structural Theory deviant or
deviation understood as behavior that exists and is a character as opposed
to social norms. Devian is a form of behavior.
Mead (1934) states that people act together. They do what they do
with an eye on what others have done, are doing now, and may do in the
future. Furthermore, one tries to fit his own line of action into the actions
of others, just as each of them likewise adjusts his own developing actions
to what he sees and expects others to do.
Labeling theory states that the more often and more
people who label to a particular person or group, the person or the group
will resemble and even be transformed into a label that is given to him or
her. This reaction arises because someone labeled felt caged in
label given to him (Hikmat, 2008).
Labeling is one of the most reasons for someone to do
secondary deviation. Someone who labeled tends to perform other actions
which also include actions primary irregularities, especially in defending
themselves from granting that label. Someone who labeled is trying to
eliminate the label granted, but eventually they are likely to commit
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18
irregularities the others because it cannot maintain the attitude of the label
given (Martine, 2008).
Labeling theory stresses the idea that deviance is a relative term.
Under this perspective, people become deviant not because of the act
itself, but how people react to that act. As part of this theory, there are two
types of deviance. Primary deviance refers to episodes of deviant
behavior that many people participate in. Secondary deviance is when
someone makes something out of that deviant behavior, which creates a
negative social label that changes a person's self-concept and social
identity. People call this negative label a stigma.
4. Language and Gender Theory
Eckert and Mc.Gonell-Ginet (2003, p: 13), gender is the process of
categorizing characteristics based on social interpretation of biological
similarities and differences. This categorization is the social decision
(Fausto & Sterling, 1998) to label one is a woman and the other one is a
man. The labeling then focuses on what society expects somebody to
perform (Butler, 1990) based on their sex. Gender is defined broader as the
social constructions of the characteristics, responsibilities, and roles for
women and men, boys, and girls (World Health Organization [WHO],
2012).
Language is one of the systems of communication in speech and
writing used by people in a particular country or area. Language is
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19
people’s identity that differentiates one with other. The language style
used by someone can show which social group someone belongs to. There
are many sociolinguists have made some research about the influence of
gender and language in society, such as; Lakoff (1975), Spender (1980),
Coates (1998), and Cameron (2003). Wood (1997) also explains that the
research about gender and communication have been done by many
researchers for decades. The research that is done by Jhonson (1997)
shows that men and women actually have different assumptions in
communication. He states that both men and women live in two different
worlds that became great evidence why both of them have the different
form of communication in the society.
The differences between men and women are also found in the
form of discrimination in society. Women are always expected to talk like
a lady. Women need to talk politely, gracefully, and courteously. If they
do not do that, they will be considered as unfeminine-women. However,
when women talk gracefully and courteously they will also be judged as a
weak person. On the contrary, it is normal for men to angry and acts
aggressively. Besides, men have never been criticized when they talk
rudely. People in the society accept it as a common thing and it is men’s
nature act like that.
Even in the politics, the difference in the way men and women
talking do not bring any benefit for women in the politics life. Women
language or feminine language is considered too passive in politics field.
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Larner (2009, p.5) states that it can be seen that although women work in
politics field, they are still considered to be unimportant just because of
the way they use language.
5. The Explanation of the Subject; The Iron Lady Movie
The Iron Lady movie is a biographical movie. This movie tells the
life of a woman named is Margaret Thatcher who fought very hard to
reach her position in parliament. In order to achieve her goals, Margaret
got various challenges and obstacles, one of which is gender
discrimination.
In the very beginning, the struggle of Margaret Thatcher was not
well received by the public of her Country. People’s rejections occur
because, at that time, people still think that women’s duty in the ‘kitchen.’
However, Margaret Thatcher is a strong woman, due to all her hard work
and struggle; she finally managed to sit on the benches of parliament.
After she becomes a prime minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher still
must confront all forms of reaction emanated both from society and other
Member of Parliament against all her wisdom and political decisions.
This is a very inspiring movie. In addition, this movie can also be a
lesson to continue to fight and work hard for the sake of the country. By
watching this movie, someone’s nationality is considering increasingly
and triggers to provide the best for the nation and homeland. In addition,
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21
women are expected to increasingly have the confidence to perform,
fought and have good competition with men in the political field.
B. Theoretical Framework
This research provides some theories to support the analysis and to
answer the two questions presented in the questions formulation in the first
chapter. They are; theory of Post-feminism and Post-feminist
Characteristics, Social Reaction Theory, and Language and Gender
Theory.
The first is the theory of Post-feminism and Post-feminist
Characteristics. Those theories are used to answer the first research
questions, which is to identify how Margaret Thatcher is being presented
in The Iron Lady movie. In addition, this theory will help the researcher to
find out whether Margaret Thatcher represents any post-feminism ideology
in the way she interacts with other genders or not. The theory of Post-
feminist characteristics is used to find out what sort of character Margaret
Thatcher is.
The second is the theory of social reaction and theory of language
and gender. In this research, the researcher uses the theory of social
reaction to finding out the pro and contra-reactions on the political
decisions’ of Margaret Thatcher during her political career. The theory of
language and gender is used to find out whether Margaret Thatcher used
the language based on her life’s ideology or based on her gender.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into six parts. The first part is research
method. This section explains the type of research chosen. The second part
is research setting. The third part is the data source. The fourth is
instruments and data gathering techniques. This section describes kinds of
instruments being used in this research. The fifth is data analyzing
technique. The section describes how the findings are analyzed. The last
part is research procedure that explains the steps of the research.
A. Research Method
This is a document analysis, since some of the researchers, such as
Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh (2002, p. 442) define document analysis as a
research method applied to written or visual material for the purpose of
identifying specified characteristic of materials. Ripley and Flick (2007)
state that, “analyzing conversation has a long tradition in the history of
qualitative research.” The material was usually in the form of scripts,
textbooks, advertisement, and any other types of document. The data of
this research were found in The Iron Lady movie’s script that contained
the conversation of the characters. The data were analyzed based on
Brook’s theory about post-feminism.
22
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B. Research Setting
The analysis of The Iron Lady movie was started from February
9th, 2015 in Yogyakarta until September 25th, 2015. The researcher spent
half a year in analyzing the script in order to gain the answer for the
research questions that found in the transcript.
C. Data Source
The data of this research is Margaret Thatcher’s language and
behaviors that are presented in the English movie entitled The Iron Lady.
The sources were in the form of movie’s transcription. This movie is a
surprising and intimate portrait of Margaret Thatcher (Meryl Streep), the
first and only female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. One of the
20th century's most famous and influential women, Thatcher came from
nowhere to smash through barriers of gender and class to be heard in a
male dominated world. Much more than a biographical epic, the film is
also the surprisingly intimate journey of a "common" grocer's daughter
whose social ambition and steel will -- along with the love of her husband
and confidant, Denis (Jim Broadbent) — propelled her to unprecedented
power. Combining fact, fiction and poetic flight of imagination – as well
as flashbacks -- director Phyllida Lloyd, produced by Damian Jones, and
written by Abi Morgan.
This movie creates a portrait that reveals the many faces of
Thatcher: the hard-nosed conservative; the woman who demolished the
21
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barriers of gender and class in a male-dominated world; the spirited wife
and mother who longed to change her country for the better.
The researcher chose this movie because of some criteria that the
researcher needed to be analyzed. Some of those criteria are; the character
has applies post-feminism theory in the way she interacts with other
gender in the movie, the character also has social interaction with various
social status, the character’s ideology of life, and the movie also represents
social reaction.
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
In this research, there were two instruments used by the researcher.
Those instruments are human instrument and document. “The human
instrument has the unique capability of summarizing data on the spot and
feeding it back to an informant for clarification, correction, and
amplification. Moreover, human instrument is the main instrument for
gathering the data from the documents”. (Lincoln & Guba, 1985, p.194).
The other instrument was the document. This instrument can help
the researcher in doing the research; it can be similar to the sources’
books. The researcher made an observation on the script in order to
accomplish the research questions. After gathering the data needed, the
data would be presented in the analysis. Documents can be a personal
document, such as diaries, files, or books (Ary, Jacobs, and Rasavieh,
2002). In this research, the researcher employed the script of The Iron
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25
Lady movie to collect the data from Margaret Thatcher’s language and
actions. The movie’s transcript consisted of 96 pages and was taken from
http://goodinaroom.com/wp-content/uploads/Iron-Lady-screenplay.pdf.
The script that was found and the dialogue in the movie transcript were not
as much as the dialogue in the movie. That is why the researcher combined
both the script and the movie’s subtitle when gathering the data needed.
However, most of the data were taken from the movie’s transcript.
The researcher selected the language of Margaret Thatcher that will
be used to find out the answer of the first research question. However, for
the answer of the second research question, the researcher selected all the
reactions of people around to her political decision; both in the form of
actions and words. Besides the used of human instrument and document,
the researcher also used checklist and table in order to categorize the data
needed.
E. Data Analysis Technique
The data collected in this research were analyzed to answer the
questions formulation. The first research question in this research was to
present the post-feminism’s ideology through Margaret Thatcher’s
interaction with another gender. The language used and the action done by
the character will be classified based on Braithwaite’s theory of post-
feminist characteristics. Those characteristics are; General rejection to
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26
the second wave feminism, female identity crisis, focus on the
individual, and revival of traditional femininity.
The second research question was to present the factors that affect
the social reaction to the Margaret Thatcher’s political decisions. The
language used and the action done by the character will be analyzed
according to Howard Becker’s theory.
There were two tables made by the researcher to gain the data from
the movie’s transcript. The first table is used to analyze the post-feminist
characteristics represent in the language used by Margaret Thatcher in The
Iron Lady movie. The second table is used to analyze the social reaction
by the people around to her political decisions.
Table 3.1 Post-feminism Characteristics Applies in Margaret’s Languages
No Margaret’s
Language
Setting
of Place Context
Post-feminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on
the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
1 How much is
the milk? Shop
Old Margaret
going out to buy some milk
2
Too much.
Much too
much butter.
Kitchen Old Margaret
having breakfast
with her husband
3 Milk’s gone
up.
4 49p a pint.
5 Eat your egg!
6 No no no no. The grey!
Bedroom Old Margaret is standing in front
of a wide
cupboard and Denis’ hand
reaches across, wavering between
jackets of brown
tweed and grey twill
7 Yes.
Definitely the grey.
TOTAL Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences
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Table 3.2 Types of People Reactions on Margaret’s Political Decisions.
N
o
People
Reaction
Setting of
Place Context
Types of Reaction
Internal
Reaction External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Mass
Media
Wide
Rebellion
Action
1
CAROL'S utter
disappointment
on seeing she has lost
MARGARET
already.
CAROL:
Silly me!
CAROL storms
out of the kitchen.
Kitchen.
Flood
Street.
1974
Carol’s
response to
Margaret’s
decisions to
run for the
leader of
the party
2
DENIS You're
insufferable,
Margaret, do you know that?
Kitchen.
Flood
Street. 1974
Denis’
response to
Margaret’s
decisions to
run for the
leader of
the party
3
MARGARET
Denis, you married
someone who
is committed to public service,
you knew that.
And it is my duty
4
DENIS
Don't call it
duty. It's ambition which
has got you this
far. Ambition. And the rest of
us, me, the
children, we can all go to
hell!
Don't worry
about me, I'll be fine!
TOTAL
In gathering the data needed, the researcher was supported by some
supporting instruments, such as electronic devices, that consisted of laptop
and speaker, also media player used to play the movie. The researcher
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28
listed the expressions needed and matched those expressions with the
movie transcript.
F. Research Procedure
There were several steps the researcher did in order to finish this
research. The first step was watching the movie for several times, and then
finding the official transcript on the internet. The second step was the
researcher make sure whether the movie’s transcript are similar with the
movie’s subtitle or not, then the researcher collecting all the languages
used by Margaret Thatcher in that movie. The third step was the researcher
understanding the language used by Margaret Thatcher, understanding the
four characteristics of post-feminism, and the researcher categorizing the
language used by Margaret Thatcher into four post-feminist
characteristics. After the categorization, the researcher has some
discussions with some colleagues about the categorization part. The
researcher also has some consultations with the thesis advisor. Besides, the
researcher also has some discussion with the social media friends (Face
Book’s friends) in order to validate the data gathering. The discussion was
done to gain the same perception of post-feminism characteristics that
revealed in the language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady
movie.
After the post-feminism characteristic’s categorization, the
researcher would analyze the types of social reactions of the people around
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29
to her political decisions. In this analysis, in order to gain all the data
needed, the researcher has done the same steps with the post-feminist
categorizations.
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CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the discussion of research that had been done
by the researcher. The analysis firstly focuses on how post-feminism
theory through the post-feminism characteristics applied in the language
used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie. Secondly, the analysis
concentrates on the social reaction of Margaret Thatcher’s decisions.
A. Post-feminist Characteristics in Margaret Thatcher’s Language
Through the language used by Margaret in the The Iron Lady
movie, the researcher has found that Margaret was indeed applied post-
feminism theory in the way she interacts with others gender. The
researcher found that Margaret applied the post-feminism theory through
fourth characteristics of post-feminist; general rejection of second wave
feminism, female identity crisis, focuses on the individual, and revival of
traditional femininities. The table below will explain the founding.
Table 4.1. Number of Occurrences of Post-feminist Characteristics
Number of
Occurrences
Post-feminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
21 Occurrences
3 Occurrences 36 Occurrences 23 Occurrences
30
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The researcher will explain the characteristics according to the
occurrences’ frequencies.
1. Focus on the Individual
Through The Iron Lady movie, Margaret Thatcher showed that
positive ambition can drive people to reach their destiny of life. Everybody
knows that Margaret Thatcher was the grocer’s daughter only, but her
ambition drives her to be the first female Prime Minister of the Great
United Kingdom for eleven and a half years. She won the election on May
4th, 1979 until her resignation on November 28th, 1990. According to
Braithwaite (2004), ambition, persistence, courage and firmness as a
woman was one of the characteristics of post-feminist.
The characteristic was well known as focus on the individual
characteristic. This characteristic was also emphasizing on lifestyle
choices and personal consumer pleasures. These may include fashion,
beauty, sexiness, fun, pleasure, and even include self-existence; “Look…!
I am a woman, and I can do it better than men’s!” (Braithwaite, 2004, p:
23 and 24). This characteristic was the very often occurred in the language
used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie. There were 36
occurrences of focus on the individual that found by the researcher in the
language used by Margaret Thatcher in that movie. It proved that Margaret
applied post-feminism theory in the way she interacts with others gender.
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32
The bravery of Margaret Thatcher has seen since she was young. It
clearly shown in the movie that when everybody in the family’s shop; her
father and mother, her sister, and a shop man were hiding under the table
because of the air raid on 1943, when her father Alfred Roberts asked
somebody to cover the butter that still open on the table, Margaret
spontaneously volunteer herself to go. “I’ll go,” she said, she did not
afraid of her own self (App. A, p. 50, no. 10). She always braves to take
the risk of every single action that she took, even when she has to lose her
popularity because of her controversial decisions.
Scene : 1056
Time : 01:31:46,655 - 01:31:56,647
“Don’t they know if you take the tough
decisions, yes people will hate you today but
they’ll thank you for generations.”
The Iron Lady movie was not only showed Margaret’s bravery but
also shown her ambition clearly. It can be seen when she wanted to run for
the leader of Conservative Party. She considers that none of the men in her
party has enough guts. Even though her husband reminds her how loyal
the Prime Minister to her, but Margaret was unstoppable.
Scene : 386
Time : 00:38:58,731 - 00:39:06,681
“But he’s weak, and he’s weakened the party.
One must know when to go”.
She considers other people cannot do everything as best as she
could do. This assumption drives her far and further pursues her ambition
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
33
to be able to prove to the world around her that she could. In addition,
Margaret proved her capability in the real action she did during her
lifetime as a Prime Minister. She did her duty in totality. All that she seeks
the most was the best thing for her lovingly country and her people. She
wanted all people were happy with her party services.
Scene : 695
Time : 01:01:18,272 - 01:02:05,667
“Gentlemen, if we don’t cut spending we will be
bankrupt. Yes the medicine is harsh but the
patient requires it in order to live. Shall we
withhold the medicine? No! we are not wrong.
We didn’t seek election and win in order to
manage the decline of a great nation.
The people of this country chose us because
they believe we can restore the health of the
British economy and we will do just that!
Barring a failure of nerve”.
Margaret’s bravery and ambition were equipped with her
unwavering firmness. She holds the basic principle of her party tightly.
Her decisions were unshakeable. This can be seen in some of her
controversial decisions. One of them is when the Falkland War happened
in 1982. One of her most trusted man, namely Geoffrey Howe asked her to
think twice about the cost of sending 28,000 men and a hundred ships
twelve thousand miles, almost to Argentina. He said that it will be
absolutely crippling. However, Margaret over unpredictable answer,
Scene : 795
Time : 01:10:24,614 - 01:10:28,173
“I don't think we should be worrying about
money at this point, Geoffrey”.
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In the same time, without any doubt, Margaret publicly announced
that;
Scene : 799
Time : 01:10:37,744 - 01:10:47,294
“The government has now decided that the
large task force will sail, as soon as all
preparation are complete”.
That quotation proved that Margaret Thatcher applied post-
feminism theory through the focus on the individual characteristic of the
theory of Braithwaite (2004). Margaret never stops at the one point of
achievement. She is a woman that always focuses on the goal of her life.
2. Revival of Traditional Femininities
The Iron Lady movie begins with the elderly Margaret in a
department store near to her house buying some milk. In the next scene,
she was having breakfast while having a warm conversation with her
husband Denis. It seems that they live in a real life. In fact, Denis is alive
in her imagination only. However, in her elderly time, Margaret looks like
ordinary women in general. The greatness of a Prime Minister that
admired by the people in the entire of the world disappeared in her
simplicity of life. She took care of her family with love. She did
housework like every wife or mothers do.
Those attitudes shown by the elderly Margaret were known as one
of the post-feminist characteristics. The characteristic was namely revival
of traditional femininities. There were some aspects of the revival of
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
35
traditional femininities. Those aspects are motherhood and domesticity-
men, children, family, and life at home, which is not in the plot of
feminism (Faludi, 1992, p.287). This characteristic was also fighting for a
normal family life as it should be. On one side a mother could have a
brilliant career outside the home, but on the other hand, she can also
become a brilliant mother and wife inside the home. Those aspects were
applied in Margaret language used in The Iron Lady movie.
Almost the entire time of her elderly life was spent in fantasy. She
lived as an ordinary woman who went to the store to buy her own need.
Doing everything for her husband, even to choose what clothes fit her
husband. The warm family’s conversation between Margaret and her
daughter were also proved her traditional femininities character. It can be
seen on the scene when her daughter Carol came to visit Margaret. One of
her house assistances told Carol that Margaret went out herself to buy
some milk. Carol told Margaret that if she needs something, she could ask
one of her assistance for help. However, Margaret told that she did not for
the knackers yet, she can still do many things by herself.
Scene : 131
Time : 00:14:06,485 - 00:14:36,272
“If I can’t go out to buy a milk then what is the
world coming to. Really Carol, please don’t
fush about it. You’ve always been like this, fuss
fuss fuss. You must find something better to do
with your time. It’s most unattractive in a
woman. When I was your age the last thing I
wanted to do was fuss around my mother”.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
36
Through this language, Margaret looks happy to live as a
traditional woman; wife and mother. She actually can just ask one of her
family assistances to buy some milk for her, but she was happy to do it
herself. Besides, Margaret was also shown through The Iron Lady movie
that her status as Prime Minister cannot be an obstacle for her to be a good
wife. This can be seen in the most touching words she said to Reece and
Airey when they wanted Margaret to change some of her appearances.
They asked Margaret to let her hat go and also the pearls wear in her neck.
Scene : 462
Time : 00:43:51,226 - 00:44:09,203
“Gentlemen, I am in your hands. I may be
persuaded to surrender the hat. But the pearls
were a gift from my husband on the birth of our
twins and they are absolutely non-negotiable”.
Through this language, Margaret proved to everybody that for her,
the family was as important as the political career. Her motherly attitude
did not appear in her family only but also shown in her political decision.
She felt that she was not only a mother of her own children; Carol and
Mark, but she was also a mother of every Britain’s citizens. This was
proved by her action to Falkland. She did not care about the thousands of
miles distance from the mainland of Britain. She did not care also about
how many citizens were there in Falkland, even General Haig told her
about the insignificant of Falkland both politically and economically. Her
cabinet also asked her to think of the peace negotiation.
Scene : 809
Time : 01:11:20,874 - 01:11:49,056
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
37
“1941, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbour. Did
America go cap in hand and ask Tojo for a
peaceful negotiation of terms? Did she turn her
back on her own citizens there because the
islands were thousands of miles from mainland
United States? No, no, no! We will stand on
principle or we shall not stand at all”.
Another most touching scene about her relationship between the
citizens of Britain was shown when she has to encourage the families of
the armies sent to Falkland. She wrote a handwriting letter for all the
families of the armies.
Scene : 867
Time : 01:15:37,249 - 01:15:50,356
“As the only Prime Minister in the history of
our country who is also a mother with a son of
my own, I can imagine your agony, and your
grief”.
At the end of The Iron Lady movie, Margaret in her imagination
conversation’s with her husband said that all she wanted in her life was to
make a difference in the world and to make her family happy. Margaret
was a real and great Prime Minister and also a real and great mother.
3. General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism
The general rejection of second wave feminism is also well known
as the critique on the second wave ‘old-fashion’ feminism. Based on the
language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie, Margaret
showed that she was applied post-feminist figure. The second wave of
feminism movement is fighting for gender equality between men and
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
38
women in all aspects of life. The second wave of feminism movement
assumes everything that can be done by men can also be done by women.
While in post-feminism, particularly the general rejection of the second
wave of post-feminism characteristic still admit that as human beings
people can have different gender; men and women, but they can still work
together without having forgotten or even abandon the original identity of
each gender (Faludi, 1992 & Braithwaite, 2004, p; 21-22). This kind of
characteristic was applied by Margaret through the language used in The
Iron Lady movie. There were two aspects of life that she applied the post-
feminist characteristics in the way she used the language.
a. Margaret’s Personal Life
General rejection of the second wave feminism was applied in
Margaret Thatcher’s language on the dialog between young Margaret and
her husband; Denis:
Scene : 268
Time : 00:26:09,246 - 00:26:24,140
“I love you so much but...I will never be one of
those women Denis - who stays silent and
pretty on the arm of her husband. Or remote
and alone in the kitchen doing the washing up
for that matter.
No – one’s life must matter, Denis. Beyond the
cooking and the cleaning and the children,
one’s life must mean more than that – I cannot
die washing up a teacup”.
This dialogue happened in the Town Hall between young Margaret
and young Denis when Denis proposed Margaret. As an ordinary woman,
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
39
Margaret was happy with the proposal of her lover Denis. She told Denis
her feeling. However, with a firm (she didn’t impose her will) she made a
deal with her husband so that she could pursue her goal: not only to be a
wife who stays at home and spends all her time in taking care of her
children and husband.
Another occurrence when she accompanies her daughter Carol in
her driving practice. Margaret showed that even though she was a career
woman, but still she can have quality time with her family especially her
children. She proved that her career did not stop her from being a good
mother, and vice versa that her status as a wife and mother did not hinder
her career. She could work together with her husband and children in the
household.
b. Margaret’s Political Life
General rejections on the second wave feminism were applied also
in Margaret Thatcher’s language on her political life.
Scene : 313
Time : 00:33:59,534 - 00:34:13,105
“If the right honorable gentleman could
perhaps attend more closely to WHAT I am
saying, rather than HOW I am saying it, he may
receive a valuable education in spite of h
imself”.
Through this language, Margaret wanted the audience to
understand that even though she was among the men, she is still a woman
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
40
with the way of speaking as all women do in general. It was better to pay
attention only on the WHAT rather than on HOW she delivered her
speech. Margaret was always highly aware of her femininity. Although she
worked together with men, it does not mean that she becomes the same as
men.
On the other occasions, Margaret has also shown her proud of
being the woman among men.
Scene : 434
Time : 00:42:03,388 - 00:42:30,088
“It’s all very well to talk about changing my
voice, Mr. Reece, but for some of my
colleagues to imagine me as their leader
would be like imagining, I don’t know, being
led into battle by their chambermaid. It’s my
background and my sex. No matter how I’ve
tried, and I have tried, to fit in, I will never
be truly one of them”.
This conversation occurred when she and her colleagues discussed
the prospect or possibility to become the leader of the party. Her
colleagues gave advice on attributes or clothing worn by Margaret. All
those attributes need to be changed. They also needed to change the tone
and intensity of Margaret’s voice because a high female voice was
considered as not charismatic voice. Margaret tried to attend voice
practices, but she still realizes that no matter how hard she tried to change
her voice tone, she certainly could not change her sex and femininity
background.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
41
c. Female Identity Crisis
This characteristic is the characteristic of a woman who has the
dilemma when she tries to decide whether she wants to be a full career
woman and become the breadwinner of her family or to be a good
mother/housewife (Friedan, 1997, p: 75). As a true post-feminist figure,
Margaret has a strong character. The characteristic of post-feminist
characteristics, namely Female Identity Crisis is the fewest appear in the
language used by Margaret. The researcher has found only tree
occurrences of this characteristic in the language used by Margaret in The
Iron Lady movie.
Scene : 1045
Time : 01:31:12,851 - 01:31:19,226
“All those years of taking the tough decisions,
does any of it matter now?”
This language has occurred when Margaret decided to offer her
resignation after eleven and a half years as a Prime Minister. However, this
language did not strongly proved that Margaret live-out the female identity
crisis’ characteristic. For the researcher herself, she thinks that this kind of
language is about a deep reflection after a great and gentle decision on her
resignation.
B. People Reactions on Margaret Thatcher’s Political Decisions
There were some factors that affected people reaction. Based on
“The Iron Lady” movie, the researcher has found two general factors that
can cause people reactions. Those factors were namely the doer of
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
42
reactions and how were the reactions performed. The researcher has
decided to analyze two general groups of the doer; internal and external.
The internal reactions were divided into two types of doer; family and the
members of Margaret’s party, so do with the external reactions; opposition
party and wide rebellion. The two types of people reactions appeared in
several occurrences that were found by the researcher.
Table 4.2. Number of Occurrences of People Reactions
Number of
Occurrences
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
6
Occurrences
21
Occurrences
40
Occurrences
15
Occurrences
19
Occurrences
3
occurrences
9
Occurrences
1. Internal Reactions
The Iron Lady movie is a biographical movie of Margaret
Thatcher, the first female Prime Minister of Britain. In this movie, most of
the life stories of Margaret were shown. It told great stories of Margaret as
a great Prime Minister who worshiped and admired throughout the world,
but it also told the stories of her suffering; have been rejected and hated by
many people, even the closest people to her.
Through The Iron Lady movie, people could see the relationship
between Margaret and her family; husband and children. The elderly
Margaret lives alone with her house assistance and her husband in her
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
43
imagination. Some people may ask; did she have children? And some may
answer; today, people may not live with their children in their elderly life.
However, after watching this movie the researcher found some facts why
the great Margaret has to live alone in her elderly. Even though her
daughter Carol coming by to visit her, but still she lives in loneliness.
People could see in the scene when Carol and Mark were still kids
and Margaret has to leave them at the Parliament House for the first time.
The scene clearly showed how hard the little Carol and Mark ran after
their mother’s car to stop Margaret not to go and leave them. However,
Margaret still has to go.
Another scene also showed the less harmonious of Margaret and
Carol relationships. The scene told that Margaret has accompanied her
adult Carol in her driving practice. People could see how happy Carol was
with her mother. However, after the short and great togetherness, when
Carol asked her mother to take her for the test drive, Margaret answers it
by telling her decision to run for the leader of the party. At that moment,
people could see Carol’s reaction. She utters disappointment on seeing that
she has lost her mother already. “Silly me!” Carol said and leaves the
kitchen with the storms in her heart (Scene: 378, Time: 00:38:30,053 -
00:38:31,834).
Another reaction from her family on Margaret’s decision to run for
the leader of the party has come from her husband, Denis. Denis told
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
44
Margaret that she was an insufferable person. Even though Denis tried to
stop her, but Margaret was unstoppable for the sake of duty.
Scene : 402
Time : 00:39;58,392-00:40:13,248
“Don't call it duty. It's ambition which has got
you this far. Ambition. And the rest of us, me,
the children, we can all go to hell!
Don't worry about me, I'll be fine!”
Margaret has also reaped the negative reactions from several
members of parliament and members of her party. One of the very nasty
reactions from the very closest partner in the parliament is Howe’s
reaction. After several differences point of view between Margaret and
Howe, finally, in 1990 Howe gave his letter of resignation in front of the
cabinet.
Scene : 966
Time : 01:24:54,560 - 01:25:34,743
My letter of resignation.
Our differences, I'm afraid,
cannot be reconciled.
In his letter of resignation, Howe sadly said his deep regret on his
useless loyalty so far.
Scene : 966
Time : 01:24:54,560 - 01:25:34,743
“I have done what I believe to be right for my
party and my country. The time has come for
others to consider their own response to the
tragic conflict of loyalties with which I have
myself wrestled for perhaps too long”.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
Some of this reaction from her closest people around her shown
how suffer Margaret was. She could greatly win in maintaining the dignity
of the nation, but at the same time, she could not maintain the unity of the
closest people to her.
2. External Reactions
The reactions of people in The Iron Lady movie not only came
from the closest people around Margaret, but the reactions also came from
the outside of her party and even from the wide public. The reactions
happened in both words and actions of people either in the soft form or
even in the harm form.
The softest reaction from the wide public to Margaret’s decisions
came from the oppositional parties which represented by Michael Foot in
the form of general speech and publish on mass media in 1980.
Scene : 645
Time : 00:58:35,748 - 00:59:16,387
“Can the Right Honourable Lady deny, that
having brought about the highest level of
unemployment since 1934-
The biggest fall in total output in steel and coal
production in one year since 1931. And the
biggest collapse in industrial production since
1921.
Can she also accept that her free market
economics designed to create a growing middle
class ensures that the rich get richer and the
poor are irrelevant!”
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
46
Another reaction from the external side of her personal life which
was containing both words and action happened in 1980. The reactions
were done in order to reject Margaret’s monetarist policies and the tight
budget. There were hundreds of people down the street to the
demonstration in front of the parliament office. Even some of the
protesters beat the car of Margaret when Margaret was passing by the
demonstrators.
Scene : 655
Time : 00:59:16,422 - 00:59:27,302
PROTESTORS:
Out... Out... Out...Maggie... Maggie... Maggie.
Out...out... out.!
One of the protesters is shouting out these
words.
PROTESTOR 1:
You're supposed to be a mother! You're not a
mother, you're a monster! You're a monster!
The very harmful reaction happened when her party’s conference
was held at Grand Hotel in Brighton, 1984. Fortunately, no one died in this
incident. Margaret and Denis were also saved. However, this incident
resulted in big materials losses.
Based on all the reactions of people above, both internal reactions
and external reactions people could understand the reasons why Margaret
Thatcher generally known as “Iron Lady”. Some of the reasons that affected
on Margaret decisions were not only because her political ambition but also
because of her father Alfred Robert ideology. According to the theory of social
reactions by Becker (1963), Margaret has shown as a primary deviance through
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
47
her actions and policies. Primary deviance is an episode of deviant behavior that
many people participate in. Margaret Thatcher became a ‘different woman’ at
that time because it was already forming in her family background, especially by
her father.
In the very beginning of The Iron lady movie clearly told that
Margaret was different from the others girl in her period of life. She did
not like to help her mother in the kitchen. She also did not like the
activities and the way of dressing by other girls in her town. Instead of
fussing for dressing up like others girls, Margaret prefers to listen to her
father’s speech as mayor of Grantham. Margaret greatly admired her
father. One of her father’s quotations that deeply inherent to Margaret is;
“Never run with the crowds, Margaret.
Go your own way”
These words drive Margaret in her unshakeable decisions. She was
really an unwavering leader. She was a true “The Iron Lady”. However,
the instrumental song of Ave Maria at the end of this movie is illustrated
that Margaret was a suffering mother and leader. She was a mother that
was fighting and suffering at the same time. She was glorious but
abandoned also.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
48
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter consists of two parts which are the conclusions of the
research and the recommendations. The conclusion is the summary of the
finding in chapter four. The recommendation will present some
recommendations for the future researchers as well for the English
lecturers.
A. Conclusions
This research analyzed on Margaret Thatcher’s language used in
The Iron Lady movie. There were two problems formulated in this
research. The first problem is how Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady
movie applies post-feminism theory through the way she interacts with
another gender. Post-feminism was one of the interesting issues to be
discussed. There were four post-feminist characteristics which help the
researcher to know whether Margaret applies post-feminism theory in the
language used in The Iron Lady movie or not. Those characteristics were;
General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism, Female Identity Crisis,
Focus on the Individual, and Revival of Traditional Femininities.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
49
During the analyzed process, the researcher enjoyed every
invention related to the post-feminist ideology. The very interesting topic
on post-feminism is not about gender equality anymore but it is about how
to work together in the gender diversity. This was the sense that exactly
applied in the language used by Margaret Thatcher in the movie. After the
data analyzes, the researcher found that Margaret Thatcher represented the
four of post-feminism characteristics in the way she interacts with others
gender.
Based on the four types of post-feminist characteristics, the
researcher found that characteristic of “Focus on the Individual” was the
very often applied in the languages used by Margaret Thatcher. It was
because of the personal characteristics of Margaret Thatcher; she has a
very big political ambition, bravery, and high self-confidence. Those
aspects shaped her personality into unshakeable person both in heart and
mind.
The second characteristic that strongly applied in the language used
by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie is the “Revival of
Traditional Femininities.” This is about motherhood. Besides her political
ambition, Margaret also is a family lover. She is a life keeper that which is
the basic characteristic of every woman, mother, and wife. As a great
leader of the great United Kingdom, she still lives out her traditional
femininities.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
50
The third strong characteristics that applied in Margaret’ languages
is “General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism.” This characteristic is
emphasizing on togetherness in the gender diversity. At the first, many
people underestimated Margaret’s capability as a woman to be on the
members of parliament. However, Margaret has proved that she could
work together with another gender for almost twelve years. She proved it
through the post-feminist characteristic according to the post feminism
theory.
The last post-feminist characteristic that applied in the language
used by Margaret in The Iron Lady movie is the “Female Identity Crisis.”
The researcher just found less than five occurrences of this characteristic
in the languages used by Margaret Thatcher. It is mean that Margaret as a
post-feminist figure is never feeling doubt in every action of her political
policies. She knows exactly why, when, and where she has to go.
The second problem formulation is about the reactions of people to
Margaret’s political decisions. There were two general types of people
reactions found in the languages used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron
Lady movie. The types were namely internal reactions and external
reactions. Internal reactions were consisting of two doers of reaction; from
her family and her party members, while external reactions were also
consisting of two doers of reactions; her oppositional party and wide
public rebellion. Most of the reactions of the people were in the form of
soft reactions which are done in words only both in personal and public,
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
51
such as newspaper, television, or radio. Some others reactions are done in
the form of action, such as public demonstration without any victims. The
very harmful reaction is done in the form of bombing. It is done by the
doers of external reactions from her oppositional party. This reaction has
resulted from high material losses.
B. Recommendations
The researcher’s first recommendation is for the future researchers
who want to conduct similar research concerning the post-feminism
language. The Iron Lady movie is an interesting movie about the
struggling of a woman in order to realize her dream of life. The researcher
expectation is that the future researcher could find other characteristics of
post-feminism through The Iron Lady movie.
The second recommendation is for the future researchers that are
willing to conduct research using The Iron Lady movie as the main
subject. This movie is a rich of meanings movie. Future researchers could
also conduct research on gender language, sociolinguistics, or even could
also conduct motivation changing on young Margaret Thatcher and the
elderly Margaret.
The third recommendation is for both lecturers and students of
English Language Education. They should realize that movie can be a
good media to be discussed and analyzed. Even the researcher strongly
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
52
recommended the English education’s students to use an English movie in
order to improve their vocabulary masters.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
53
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APPENDICES
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55
Synopsis for The Iron Lady Movie
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
56
Synopsis for The Iron Lady Movie
A frail and elderly Margaret Thatcher is at breakfast with her husband
Denis. The small change of married life comprises their sporadic conversation.
We glimpse the house staff and perhaps assume Thatcher is still at the height of
her powers if no longer actually in office but their attitude doesn't seem to
correspond; they are not disrespectful, but neither are they deferential and we
seem to be in some kind of superior retirement home. Thatcher peeps through the
door but cannot make sense of what is happening outside and nor can we. From
the window we see with her the comings and goings of security staff, presumably
Thatcher's personal protection team. It is only in a reverse shot when a woman
finally comes to the Thatcher’s door and inquires if everything is alright that we
see no-one is at the table where Denis was sitting only a split-second earlier.
Thatcher shops for milk at a convenience store. She seems bewildered by
the price, talking about it to no-one in particular, and neither staff nor fellow
customers seem to recognize her; to them she seems to be just another irritating
old woman. One is impatient to the point of rudeness at being held up by her
fumbling for the change to pay for the pint that is her only purchase. The scene
has an air of unreality as if a dream sequence.
Back at the house, overheard snatches of conversation make it clear that
the staff are dismayed that Thatcher had escaped their oversight to make this
impromptu excursion into the real world outside unescorted and thereby confirm
that it wasn't a flight of fancy on her part. Still a symbolic if clearly diminished
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
57
figure, looking after her seems to be no more than a necessary nuisance to those
around her.
Thatcher as a girl in Grantham experiences a Second World War air-raid.
She takes a not-inconsiderable risk as exploding bombs shake the house to leave
the relative safety of the cupboard under the stairs but only to prevent some
produce from spoilage by putting it away rather than to protect it from the raid as
such. Later we see her as the focus of unkind remarks by her classmates from their
point of view on the other side of the road. She seems isolated from them socially.
In a large hall, now a young woman Thatcher is flirted with by Denis as a
young man. They discuss marriage and his support for her apparent political
ambition is made clear by him. He soon proposes. We later see them at the theatre
together, talking and joking. At a meeting, she is patronized and condescended to
by the local Tory party grandees who clearly don't take her application to be the
candidate for parliament very seriously but she is unabashed. As a grocer's
daughter, she points out, she knows the cost of living and how to budget and will
thus appeal to the housewives in the electorate. Compared unfavorably with
another, military gentleman candidate she avers that she also faced danger during
the war.
In parliament as a young Tory minister she rounds on the opposition
politicians who have failed to offer her the respect she feels she deserves by
lecturing them on their failure to attend to the content of her words rather than the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
58
manner in which they were delivered but her raised voice is gratingly strident and
high-pitched.
We witness a cabinet meeting with Prime Minister Edward Heath.
Thatcher is quietly competent in her contributions but clearly a junior member of
the government, seated as she is at the very far end of the cabinet table and having
to lean forward to be seen by Heath who seems at first hardly to recall who she is.
In a private meeting, two unnamed advisers counsel Thatcher to consider
standing for the leadership of the Tory party; she is incredulous. She is next seen
in a voice-coaching session. Advised to deepen her delivery and inject authority,
she calls 'Denis!' loudly, in a notably lower timbre, and he visibly jumps in his
chair although on the far side of the large room. The advisers smile in satisfaction.
It is winter 1979. We see news headlines and archive footage about strike
action. Leicester Square in central London is piled high with rubbish bags and
Thatcher witnesses people stopping in cars to throw theirs on the pile on the
pavement in front of her as she walks by while those around express concern at
the smell.
Her daughter Carol visits the elderly Thatcher and they discuss starting to
sort through Denis's clothes and shoes so they can be sent to a charity shop. The
task seems overwhelming to Thatcher both physically in terms of volume of
material but also emotionally. She tries to speak to son Mark but cannot reach him
by telephone.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
59
Thatcher speaks with one of the advisors in the Palace of Westminster
underground car park as he is already in his car leaving. He drives away towards
the exit ramp and Thatcher turns to walk to her own car but almost immediately
there is an explosion and we cut to the car in flames outside; newspaper headlines
tell us it was AireyNeave, victim of a car bomb.
Pinafore and standing at the kitchen stove Thatcher yet incongruously
speaks of state matters and the need to attend to them. Denis complains of her
absences from family life and testily shouting that she shouldn't worry about them
(her family) storms off.
After much industrial unrest the miners are now on strike. A beleaguered
Thatcher is driven away in her limousine through protesters holding placards
bearing anti-Tory slogans as some hammer on the car's roof and windows,
shouting angrily at her, faces contorted with rage and hatred.
The elderly Thatcher watches a DVD of Carol and son Mark as children
playing on the beach.
After Argentina invades the Falkland Isles Thatcher has summoned the
military top brass, determined to find whether it is possible to recover the islands.
The consensus being that it is, if only barely, but is perhaps also inadvisable,
Thatcher makes it clear that it must be done. Political speeches to parliament and
scenes of preparation and the sailing of the task force follow. In a council of war
she is given news of the Argentine ship the General Belgrano maneuvering in the
vicinity of the Task Force. Advised that it is a threat, she gives the order to sink it.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
60
The elderly Thatcher speaks to a doctor. She comments acidly on his
modern phraseology, comparing it unfavorably with the plainer and more
meaningful language of her prime. He asks her about symptoms of dementia,
including hallucination. Having by now witnessed numerous scenes where she has
plainly imagined the dead Denis, we note her vague discomfiture as she says no,
but her mental faculties seem acute enough; Thatcher is apparently now aware
that she is imagining him. We begin to doubt that she has either Alzheimer's or
any other form of dementia.
Cabinet members openly worry about their political careers because the
government is so unpopular. Thatcher upbraids them for their lack of principle.
Apparently on her way to a public appearance, Thatcher requires the aid of a
seamstress to mend her clothing. She thanks Crawfie by name. We see her
moments later as part of a cabinet group portrait, the cabinet members now
smiling around her.
The elderly Thatcher is hosting a dinner that includes former political
colleagues. At the head of the table, she seems prime ministerial and asked to
comment on Islamic extremism is forthright in her advocacy of resistance to it but
seems for a moment to forget she is no longer premier as she speaks of what we
must now do. There is a slightly embarrassed silence. Carol tells her plainly that
she is no longer prime minister.
We are at the Tory party conference in Brighton. It is very late, the early
hours of the morning, and Thatcher continues to work in her hotel suite on
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
61
important papers as Denis retires next door to bed. There is a sudden explosion
apparently centered on the bedroom and the rooms of the suite disintegrate.
Thatcher is distraught with concern, shouting for Denis who it seems must have
died but he soon re-appears, unhurt and spirit unshaken, ruined shoes in hand (he
had apparently been putting them outside the door to be cleaned and thus avoided
the blast).
The elderly Thatcher now always talks to Denis in the full knowledge that
she is imagining him and he answers in kind, challenging her to make him
disappear. She switches on all manner of domestic appliances, radio, television
and hi fi to drown him out. When we return to where he was sat he has gone.
Stalking the corridors of power Thatcher now seems isolated, glanced at
menacingly by former trusted political friends and murmuring darkly about plots
against her. The end of her political reign seems at hand.
Suffering insomnia, Thatcher begins the herculean task of sorting through
Denis's belongings. By morning it is done, to Carol's amazement when she arrives
later.
In the final scene of the film, Denis pads down the hallway barefoot, the
last pair of shoes now in his hand, stopping at the far end to put them on and
although Thatcher now begs him to stay, walks away telling her she will be all
right.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
62
Director : Phyllida Lloyd
Studio : Alliance Films
Producer(s) : Damian Jones
Screenplay : Abi Morgan
Portrayed by : Meryl Streep
Official Site : http://weinsteinco.com/sites/iron-lady/
Posting by : BigJobMan, 2 years ago
Taken from : http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1007029/synopsis
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
63
Appendix A
Postfeminism Characteristics Applies in Margaret’s Languages
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
1 How much is the milk?
00:01:41,242
-
00:01:42,802
2
Shop
Old Margaret
going out to
buy some
milks
2 Too much. Much too
much butter.
00:02:35,418
-
00:02:39,108
6
Kitchen
Old Margaret
having
breakfast with
her husband
3 Milk’s gone up.
00:02:46,889
-
00:02:49,080
7
4 49p a pint.
00:02:46,889
-
00:02:49,080
8
5 Eat your egg!
00:03:14,834
-
00:03:16,427
12
6 No no no no. The grey!
00:04:34,318
-
00:04:37,082
23
Bedroom
Old Margaret
are standing in
front of a wide
cupboard and
Denis’ hand
reaches across,
wavering
between
7 Yes. Definitely the grey.
00:04:48,936
-
00:04:51,611
25
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
64
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
jackets of
brown tweed
and grey twill
8 Wear your scarf!
There’s a chill out there.
00:05:46,102
-
00:05:50,831
38
Drawing
Room
Old Margaret
asks Denis to
wear scarf
because the
weather is cold
outside.
9
Silly man.
He hasn’t got his scarf
on.
00:07:32,688
-
00:07:38,344
56
10 I’ll go.
00:08:23,017
-
00:08:23,842
59
Her
Family’s
shop.
1943
Young
Margaret with
her father,
mother, and
her sister are
hiding under
the table
because of air
raid. And her
father asking
for someone to
cover the
butter
11 I’ve got a place at
Oxford.
00:09:30,825
-
00:09:33,098
76
Her
Family’s
shop.
1943
Young
Margaret got a
telegram from
Oxford
University
12 I didn’t know that you 00:11:54,695 100 Drawing Her daughter
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
65
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
were dropping by today,
dear.
-
00:11:59,711
Room Carol came to
visit her (Old
Margaret)
13 Of course. We’re having
halibut.
00:12:11,165
-
00:12:16,526
105
14
We must release a
statement, offering our
condolences.
00:13:03,440
-
00:13:08,311
117
Drawing
Room
Old Margaret
and Carol were
watching
bombing news
on TV
15 We must never, ever,
ever give in to terrorist.
00:13:10,870
-
00:13:15,154
119
16 There was no milk.
00:13:54,667
-
00:13:56,147
126
Bedroom
Carol asks Old
Margaret not
to go out
herself. If she
needs
something, she
can asks one
of house
assistance to
help her
17 I’m not for the knackers
yet.
00:13:59,367
-
00:14:01,558
128
18
If I can’t go out to buy a
milk then what is the
world coming to. Really
Carol, please don’t fush
about it. You’ve always
been like this, fuss fuss
fuss. You must find
something better to do
with your time. It’s most
unattractive in a woman.
When I was your age the
00:14:06,485
-
00:14:36,272
131
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
66
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
last thing I wanted to do
was fuss around my
mother.
19 Oh, yes, to his core. And
Mayor of Grantham.
00:16:33,177
-
00:16:38,088
164
Dining
Room.
1950
Young
Margaret
attends Drinks
Party
20 Yes.
00:16:41,823
-
00:16:42,720
166
21 Oh, yes. It was a family
business.
00:16:42,755
-
00:16:49,210
167
22 That and a degree from
Oxford.
00:16:52,343
-
00:16:54,655
169
23 Whisky
00:17:01,569
-
00:17:03,288
170
24
What I do think is that a
man should be
encouraged to stand on
his own two feet. Yes
we help people of course
we help people. But for
those that can do, they
must just get up and do.
And if something’s
wrong, they shouldn’t
00:17:11,082
-
00:17:32,080
171
Dining
Room
Young
Margaret
expressed her
point of view
among the
party members
about how to
eradicate
poverty
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
67
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
just whine about it, they
should get in there and
DO something about it,
change things.
25
Can serve very well for
the people of Dartford
too.
00:17:35,354
-
00:17:38,191
177
26
I know much more than
those who have never
lived on a limited
income. Just like a man
or woman in the street,
when I’m short one
week, I have to make
economies the next.
00:17:38,959
-
00:17:49,827
179
27
A man might call it
fiscal responsibility, a
woman might call it
good housekeeping.
00:17:53,124
-
00:17:58,907
183
28
Can you do the clasp, I
can’t quite…
Thank you.
00:20:57,152
-
00:21:02,517
217
Dressing
Room
(Margaret
’s house)
Carol helps
Old Margaret
with her shoes
and have some
discussion
about seeing
Margaret’s
Doctor on the
next day.
29 What does Mark think
about it?
00:21:45,627
-
00:21:48,200
227
30
Yes. Tell him to come
up. I want to talk to him
about it.
00:21:53,718
-
00:21:57,293
229
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
68
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
31
Well tell him to come up
and see me after he’s
kissed them good night,
would you Carol
darling?
00:22:06,689
-
00:22:12,478
231
32
You look exhausted,
dear. You really must try
to get some sleep.
Taxis’ll be few and far
between at this hour…
00:23:00,612
-
00:23:19,362
237
33 Good night, dear.
00:23:27,719
-
00:23:29,694
241
34 And proud of being.
00:25:16,257
-
00:25:18,866
258
Town
Hall. 1950
Denis told
Margaret that
as a grocer’s
daughter, the
only way for
her to be in the
parliament is
by being a
moderately
successful
businessman
like Denis.
35
I love you so much
but…. I will never be
one of those women
00:26:09,246
-
00:26:24,140
268
Town
Hall. 1950
Denis Propose
Margaret and
Margaret.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
69
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
Denis – who stays silent
and pretty in the arm of
her husband. Or remote
and alone in the kitchen
doing the washing up for
that matter.
Margaret asks
Denis’
understanding
on her
ideology.
36
No – one’s life must
matter, Denis. Beyond
the cooking and the
cleaning and the
children, one’s life must
mean more than that – I
cannot die washing up a
tea cup.
I mean it Denis, say you
understand.
00:26:26,583
-
00:26:48,780
273
37
The right honorable
gentleman knows that
we have no choice but to
close the schools!
Because his union
paymasters have called a
strike deliberately to
cripple our economy.
Teachers cannot teach
when there is no heating,
no lighting in their
00:33:05,031
-
00:33:36,988
306
House of
Common
Chamber.
1974
Margaret serve
on Secretary
Of State For
Education, in
front of the
members of
parliament she
decided to
close some of
the schools
because those
schools are
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
70
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
classrooms. And I ask
the honorable
gentleman, whose fault
is that?
considers
unfit.
38
If the right honorable
gentleman could perhaps
attend more closely to
WHAT I am saying,
rather than HOW I am
saying it, he may receive
a valuable education in
spite of himself.
00:33:59,534
-
00:34:13,105
313
House of
Common
Chamber.
1974
The
Opposition
Benches,
rocking in
their seats,
laughing, and
sniggering to
Margaret
because of the
way she
delivered her
speech with
the voice that
increasingly
shrill.
39
Prime Minister, with the
Miners’ leader calling
today for the army to
mutiny in support of the
strikes, this seems the
wrong time for
conciliation.
00:35:47,947
-
00:35:57,971
336
Cabinet
Room.
1974
Cabinet
meeting
discussing
about
possibility for
dialogue with
the miners.
40 I’ve decided. I’m going
to run.
00:38:14,822
-
375
Kitchen.
1974
Suddenly
Margaret told
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
71
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
00:38:18,257 Denis and
Carol that she
is going to run
for the leader
of the party
41
I’m going to run for
Leader of the Party.
00:38:21,471
-
00:38:24,528
377
42
What I’m saying is that
someone must force the
point, say the unsayable.
None of these men have
the guts.
00:38:44,918
-
00:38:54,193
383
Kitchen.
1974
Denis and
Carol are not
agree with her
decision to run
for the leader
of the party.
43
But he’s weak, and he’s
weakened the party. One
must know when to go.
You’re shaking.
00:38:58,731
-
00:39:06,681
386
44
And do you need a rest?
We both know that it’s
highly unlikely that I
would ever be elected
leader, I’ll never be
elected leader. But I will
run. I will run. Just to
nip at their heels and
make them reaffirm the
principles on which the
Conservative Party must
stand. There’s so much
to do.
00:39:21,081
-
00:39:21,081
393
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
72
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
45
Denis, you married
someone who is
committed to public
service, you knew that.
And it is my duty -
00:39:52,327
-
00:39:57,098
401
46
It’s all very well to talk
about changing my
voice, Mr. Reece, but for
some of my colleagues
to imagine me as their
leader would be like
imagining, I don’t know,
being led into battle by
their chambermaid. It’s
my background and my
sex. No matter how I’ve
tried, and I have tried, to
fit in, I will never be
truly one of them.
00:42:03,388
-
00:42:30,088
434
Reece’s
Office.
1975
Margaret,
Reece, and
Airey are
watching
Margaret’s
interview on
Television.
They gave fit
back on
Margaret’s
Interview.
47
Prime minister?! Oh no.
oh no no no. in Britain?
There will be no female
Prime Minister here, not
in my lifetime. No. and I
told Airey, I don’t
expect to win the
leadership, but I am
00:42:56,654
-
00:43:22,211
449
Reece’s
Office.
1975
Reece and
Airey certainly
sure on
Margaret’s
possibility to
be Prime
Minister
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
73
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
going to run. Just to
shake up the party
48
Gentlemen, I am in your
hands. I may be
persuaded to surrender
the hat. But the pearls
were a gift
from my husband on the
birth of our twins and
they are absolutely
non-negotiable.
00:43:51,226
-
00:44:09,203
462
Margaret agree
to leave her
hat and even
her hand bag,
but she reduce
to remove her
pearls
necklace
because it was
her husband’s
gift on their
twins born
day.
49
Really.
How much is a pack of
Lurpak?
01:00:12,544
-
01:00:16,106
674
Drawing
Room.
1980
Margaret
refused the
perception said
that the
government
are out of
touch with the
country.
50
Butter, Francis.
Forty two pence. Anchor
butter is forty pence.
Flora Margarine, still the
cheapest, is thirty eight
pence. I can assure you I
am not out of touch.
What – did you say?
01:00:16,141
-
01:00:37,118
675
51 Don’t try to hide your 01:00:38,288 683 She angry with
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
74
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
opinions. Goodness me,
I’d much rather you
were honest and
straightforward about
them – instead of
continuously and
damagingly leaking
them to the press. Well?
-
01:00:57,517
those who do
not speak out
their opinion
openly but
then speak up
to the mass
media.
52
Gentlemen, if we don’t
cut spending we will be
bankrupt. Yes the
medicine is harsh but the
patient requires it in
order to live. Shall we
withhold the medicine?
No! we are not wrong.
We didn’t seek election
and win in order to
manage the decline of a
great nation.
The people of this
country chose us
because they believe we
can restore the health of
the British economy and
we will do just that!
Barring a failure of
nerve.
01:01:18,272
-
01:02:05,667
695
Drawing
Room.
1980
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
75
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
Anything else?
Thank you. You saved
the day once again,
Crawfie, you’re an
angel.
53
There must be closures
of uneconomic coal
mines; we seek only an
efficient industry.
01:02:59,522
-
01:03:06,747
717
Corridor.
House of
Commons
. 1981
Margaret has
decided to
close some of
the
uneconomical
coal mines.
54
There are those who
would say hold back,
there are those to make
us retreat…
01:03:23,798
-
01:03:29,592
720
55
But we shall never give
in to them. We shall
never waver, not for a
second, in our
determination to see this
country prosper once
again.
01:03:29,627
-
01:03:42,735
722
56
Gentlemen, the
Argentinian Junta –
which is a fascist gang –
has invaded our
sovereign territory. This
cannot be tolerated. May
I make plain my
negotiating position. I
01:09:03,039
-
01:09:32,841
775
Study.
Downing
Street.
1982
Margaret asks
her ministers
and military
men about the
Argentinian’s
invaded to the
Britain
sovereign
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
76
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
will not negotiate with
criminals or thugs. The
Falkland islands belong
to Britain, and I want
them back.
Gentlemen, I need you
to tell me today if that is
possible.
territory.
57
I don’t think we should
worrying about money
at this point, Geoffrey.
01:10:24,614
-
01:10:28,173
795
Study.
Downing
Street.
1982
One of
Margaret’s
cabinet
members:
Geoffrey
Howe said that
the cost of
sending 28.000
men and
hundred ships
for about
twelve
thousands
miles is
crippling
58
The government has
now decided that the
large task force will sail,
as soon as all
preparation are
complete.
01:10:37,744
-
01:10:47,294
799
59
1941, when Japan
attacked Pearl Harbour.
Did America go cap in
hand and ask Tojo for a
peaceful negotiation of
01:11:20,874
-
01:11:49,056
809
Drawing
Room.
1982
Margaret have
a hard
discussion
with General
Haig about
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
77
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
terms? Did she turn her
back on her own citizens
there because the islands
were thousands of miles
from mainland United
States? No, no, no! We
will stand on principle or
we shall not stand at all.
Margaret’s
propose to go
to the war.
General Haig
asks her to
think again
before go to
war, because
the land is
thousands
miles away
with a little
citizens and
insignificant
politically and
economically.
60
With all due respect sir,
I have done battle every
single day of my life,
and many men have
underestimated me
before. This lot seem
bound to do the same
but they will rue the day.
Now, shall I be mother?
01:11:53,692
-
01:12:14,165
817
61
The peace plan? There
will be no appeasement.
This is a war. A war
they started and by God,
we will finish. Shall I
tell you what I’m going
to write to every single
one of these families,
these heartbroken
01:15:03,875
-
01:15:31,191
859
Downing
Street.
1982
Margaret
refuse on
peace plan
proposed by
President
Reagan and
President of
Peru
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
78
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
families? I am going to
tell them that no Britain
soldier will die in vain
for the Falklands.
62
As the only Prime
Minister in the history of
our country who is also
a mother with a son of
my own, I can imagine
your agony, and your
grief.
01:15:37,249
-
01:15:50,356
867
Downing
Street.
1982
Margaret
wrote letter to
the Falkland’s
families who
lost those
family in the
Falkland war.
63
We congratulate the men
and women of the armed
Forces for their skill,
bravery and loyalty to
this country.
01:16:59,593
-
01:17:08,848
880
Downing
Street.
1982
Victory
celebration
after the
Falkland war.
64
We were faced with an
act of unprovoked
aggression and we
responded as we have
responded in times past:
with unity, strength and
courage, sure in the
knowledge that though
much is sacrificed, in the
end, right will prevail
over wrong.
01:17:09,718
-
01:18:08,817
882
House of
Commons
Chamber
Parliamen
t.
1982
Margaret is
fighting with
Michael Foot
from the
Labour
Benches.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
79
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
And I put it to the
Honorable Member
opposite that this is not a
day for him to carp, find
fault, demand inquiries –
they will happen I can
assure him of that for we
have nothing to hide –
no, this is a day to put
difference aside, hold
one’s head high and take
pride in being British.
65 I don’t agree in any
measure!
01:19:24,688
-
01:19:28,251
900
House of
Commons
Stairway.
1990
Margaret
refuse to be a
members of
European
Union
66 I don’t think the country
is ready for it yet.
01:19:31,877
-
01:19:34,113
902
67
Our policies maybe
unpopular, but they are
the right policies.
01:19:50,936
- 01:19:55,006
909
House of
Commons
.
1990
Discussing
about the tax
that asks
everyone to
pay the same
68
Nonsense. Arrant
nonsense. This is a
simple proposition. In
order to live in this
country, you must pay
01:20:10,078
-
01:22:03,658
915
House of
Commons
.
1990
Discussing
about the tax
that asks
everyone to
pay the same
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
80
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
for the privilege –
something, anything! If
you pay nothing, you
care nothing. What do
you care where you
throw your rubbish?
your council estate is a
mess, your town,
graffiti, what do you
care? It’s not your
problem, it’s somebody
else’s problem - - it’s the
government’s problem!
YOUR problem is, some
of you, is that you
haven’t got the courage
for this fight. You
haven’t had to fight hard
for anything. It’s all
been given to you – and
you feel guilty about it!
Well, may I say, on
behalf of all those who
HAVE had to fight their
way up, (and who don’t
feel guilty about it) we
resent those slackers
who take, take, take, and
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
81
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
contribute nothing to the
community!
(SILENCE)
And I see the same
thing, the same
cowardice in our fight
within the European
Union, to retain British
sovereignty of Britain,
the integrity of the
pound! Some of you
want to make
concessions. I hear some
of you agree with the
latest French proposals.
Well, why don’t you get
on a boat to Calais?
Why don’t you put on a
beret, and pay 85% of
your income to the
French government!
Right. What can we
realistically hope to
achieve by the end of
session, Lord President?
And why have we not
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
82
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
made more progress to
date? What is that? Is
that a timetable? I
haven’t seen that. May I
see it?
69
This is ridiculous. There
are two “T’s” in
“committee”!
This is shameful.
Shameful! I can even
rely on you for a simple
timetable! Are you
unwell? Yes you are
unwell. Give me the
pencil, give it to me!
If this is the best you can
do I had better send you
to hospital, and I shall
do your job as well as
my own and everyone
else’s. Gentlemen.
As the Lord President
has come to cabinet
unprepared, I am obliged
to close this meeting.
01:22:23,618
-
01:23:19,599
952
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
83
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
Good morning!
70 I am the Prime Minister.
01:28:54,465
-
01:28:56,366
1025
Downing
Street.
1990
Margaret
Watching
evening news
about formal
announce of
Howe’s
resignation.
71
I offer my resignation
after eleven and a half
extraordinary years..
01:29:31,930
-
01:29:37,846
1035
Study.
Downing
Street
Margaret’s
Resignation
time
72
Proud to have left
Britain in a much better
state than when we took
office.
01:29:38,819
-
01:29:44,446
1037
Corridor.
Downing
Street.
1990
Margaret’s
expression in
front of all the
staff before
she leave
Downing
Street
73
All those years of taking
the tough decisions, does
any of it matter now?
01:31:12,851
-
01:31:19,226
1045
Bedroom.
Chester
Square
Denis
responded on
Margaret’s
doubt about all
her action
during her
serve as Prime
Minister.
74 These inept placatory.
01:31:25,864
-
01:31:30,626
1050
75 Vacillators! Poll takers.
01:31:30,661
-
01:31:34,562
1051
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
84
No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of
Place Context
Postfeminism Characteristics
General
Rejection of
Second Wave
Feminism
Female
Identity
Crisis
Focus on the
Individual
Revival of
Traditional
Femininities
76 So busy taking the pulse
of the public!
01:31:34,597
-
01:31:37,513
1052
77
Don’t they know if you
take the tough decisions,
yes people will hate you
today but they’ll thank
you for generations.
01:31:46,655
-
01:31:56,647
1056
Bedroom.
Chester
Square
Margaret over
the reasons for
all her busy
which is
consider as
popularity
seekers by
Denis
78
All I wanted was to
make difference in the
world.
01:32:19,288
-
01:32:23,153
1059
79
All I wanted was for my
children to grow up well
and be happy – happier
than I was certainly.
And I wanted you to be
happy of course. Were
you happy, Denis? Tell
me the truth.
01:32:33,622
-
01:33:08,638
1061
TOTAL 21
Occurrences
3
Occurrences
36
Occurrences
26
Occurrences
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
85
Appendix B
Types of People Reactions on Margaret’s decisions
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
1
CAROL'S utter
disappointment
on seeing she
has lost
MARGARET
already.
CAROL:
Silly me!
CAROL storms
out of the
kitchen.
00:38:30,053
-
00:38:31,834
378
Kitchen.
Flood
Street.
1974
Carol’s
response
on
Margaret’s
decisions
to run for
the leader
of the
party
2
DENIS
You're
insufferable,
Margaret, do
you know that?
00:39:52,188
-
00:39:49,868
400
Kitchen.
Flood
Street.
1974
Denis’
response
on
Margaret’s
decisions
to run for
the leader
of the
3
MARGARET
Denis, you
married
someone who is
committed to
public service,
you knew that.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
86
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
And it is my
duty
party
4
DENIS
Don't call it
duty. It's
ambition which
has got you this
far. Ambition.
And the rest of
us, me, the
children, we can
all go to hell!
Don't worry
about me, I'll be
fine!
00:39:58,392
-
00:40:13,248
402
5
FOOT
Can the Right
Honourable
Lady deny, that
having brought
about the
highest level of
unemployment
since 1934-
The biggest fall
in total output in
steel and coal
production in
one year since
00:58:35,748
-
00:59:16,387
645
House of
Commons
Chambers
1980
The leader
of Labor
Outrage on
speech.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
87
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
1931. And the
biggest collapse
in industrial
production since
1921.
Can she also
accept that her
free market
economics
designed to
create a
growing middle
class ensures
that the rich get
richer and the
poor are
irrelevant!
6
PROTESTORS:
Out... Out...
Out...
Maggie...
Maggie...
Maggie.
Out...out... out
00:59:16,422
-
00:59:27,302
655
On the
Street.
London.
1981
People
protest on
free
market
strategy
7
PROTESTOR
1:
You're supposed
to be a mother!
You're not a
mother, you're a
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
88
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
monster! You're
a monster!
8
PYM:
Well, people
can't pay their
mortgages.
01:00:58,038
-
01:01:00,327
688
Drawing
Room.
1980
The
members
of her
cabinet
discussing
about the
closures of
some of
the miners
because of
free
market
strategy
9
GILMOUR:
The
manufacturing
industry is
practically on
its knees.
01:01:00,362
-
01:01:02,669
689
10
PYM :
Honest, hard-
working, decent
people are
losing their
homes. It's
terribly
shameful.
01:01:02,704
-
01:01:06,169
690
11
GILMOUR:
The point is,
Prime Minister,
that we must
moderate the
pace.
01:01:07,461
-
01:01:10,015
692
12 (ARCHIVE
FOOTAGE):
Rioting in
Downing
Street.
Miners
protest’s
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
89
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
Brixton,
burning cars,
huge civil
unrest
1980 on the
governmen
t police of
Laborer’s
Block 13
(ARCHIVE
FOOTAGE):
Protest marches,
`People's March
for Jobs', `No
pit closures"
14
(ARCHIVE
FOOTAGE):
Violent clashes
between
protesting
miners and
police.
15
MINER'S WIFE
(V.O.):
The miners are
being starved
back to work,
the need is
desperate!
16
NEWS
READER
(V.O.):
A car bomb has
exploded
outside Harrods
department
London.
1984
Several
bombs are
exploded
on the day
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
90
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
store, killing six
people and
injuring 71.
Conservati
ve Party
Conferenc
e.
17
NEWS
READER 2
(V.O.):
Eleven soldiers
died today when
two bombs were
detonated
during military
parades in Hyde
Park and
Regent’s Park.
Seven horses
also died in the
blasts.
18
NEWS
READER 3
(V.O.):
The IRA have
claimed
responsibility.
19
MARGARET
peering out, a
sea of union
jacks and
bunting. Cheers,
the street lined
as the car pulls
into Downing
Downing
Street.
1982
Victory of
Falkland
war
celebration
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
91
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
Street-
The blur of
noise, cheering,
jostling banners
THEN the
shroud of black
uniforms
suddenly
encasing the
car, blocking
out the light-
20
A
CACOPHONY
of CHEERS,
APPLAUSE,
just audible far
off, as
MARGARET
steps out into
the street, the
CAMERA
follows her out
peering up.
21
Newspaper
Headlines:
PROFITS,
PROFITS,
PROFITS!
BOOMING
BUSINESS!
Ballroom.
White
House.
1981
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
92
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
MAGGIE'S
MILLIONAIRE
S!
22
GEOFFREY
HOWE:
But Prime
Minister the
question of the
European single
currency will
come up.
01:19:28,286
-
01:19:31,842
901
House Of
Commons
stairway.
1990
Margaret
and
Geoffrey
discuss on
European
Union
23
GEOFFREY
HOWE:
But we cannot
bury our heads
in the sand...
01:19:34,148
-
01:19:36,774
903
24
NEWS
JOURNALIST
(V.O.):
A lot of
Conservative
MP's and
Ministers are
saying that there
must be a
change in that
style of
management.
That Mrs
Thatcher must
House of
Commons
Hallway.
1990
Margaret
and her
cabinet
discussing
about
equally tax
treatment
for every
citizens
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
93
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
listen more, and
on occasion,
give in.
25
PYM (O.S.):
The point is,
Prime Minister,
I don't think we
can sell the idea
of a tax that
asks everyone
to pay the same.
01:19:44,713
-
01:19:50,902
907
26
MINISTER 1
(V.O.):
Prime Minister I
just don't think
we can ask the
poorest of the
poor to pay the
same amount of
tax as a multi-
millionaire.
01:19:55,041
-
01:20:01,495
910
27
MINISTER 2:
Because
people... on the
whole...think
that the tax is
manifestly
unfair.
01:20:05,107
-
01:20:10,043
914
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
94
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
28
(ARCHIVE
FOOTAGE) A
HUGE
MACABRE
PAPIER-
MACHE
THATCHER
HEAD,
grimacing with
one eyeball
blinded and the
other detached
and hanging
bloody on a
cheek.
ANGRY
CROWD(chanti
ng)
Can't pay, won't
pay!
Can't pay,won't
pay!
Can't pay, won't
pay!
01:24:12,194
-
01:24:15,930
964
Downing
Street.
London.
1990
People
Protest on
high tax by
the
governmen
t
29
ANGRY
PROTESTORS
slapping the
glass as they
pass, the sense
of the car being
Downing
Street.
London.
1990
People
protest on
high tax
for every
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
95
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
attacked. The
smear of
smashed egg
against the
window screen.
PROTESTORS:
Out... Out...
Out...
citizens
30
(ARCHIVE
FOOTAGE):
Relentless
images of
violence over
this. Mass riots.
PROTESTORS
charging
POLICE
LINES.
POLICE on
HORSEBACK
trying to force
the
PROTESTORS
back.
One of them - a
GIRL - caught
out, goes down
with her
placard, and is
trampled
Trafalgar
Square.
London.
1990
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
96
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
beneath the
horses' hooves,
horribly.
RIOTERS with
blood streaming
down their
faces.
Banners –
DEATH TO
MAGGIE.
OFF WITH
HER HEAD.
31
PROTESTORS:
Maggie...
Maggie...
Maggie.
Out...out...
out!!!.
With a
WHOOSH of
flames the north
side of
Piccadilly
Circus goes up
in flames.
Smoke and
blood and fire
everywhere.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
97
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
32
GEOFFREY:
My letter of
resignation.
Our differences,
I'm afraid,
cannot be
reconciled.
I have done
what I believe
to be right for
my party and
my country. The
time has come
for others to
consider their
own response to
the tragic
conflict of
loyalties with
which I have
myself wrestled
for perhaps too
long.
01:24:54,560
-
01:25:34,743
966
Downing
Street.
Office.
1990
One of her
very loyal
members;
Geoffrey
Howe
resign
from the
cabinet
because of
the
difference
point of
view
between
Margaret
and Howe
33 HESELTINE
ON TV:
01:25:52,369
-
978 Downing
Street.
One of her
ministers;
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
98
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
I'm here to
announce my
decision to put
my name
forward as
leader of the
Conservative
party. I have
nothing but
admiration for
our Prime
Minister,
Margaret
Thatcher, but I
believe our
party and our
country need a
new leader.
01:26:11,324 1990 Heseltine
put his
name as
Margaret’s
rival as a
leader of
Conservati
ve Party
34
MINISTER 1:
We will never
win another
election led by
that woman.
01:27:49,093
-
01:27:53,169
1008
Dining
Room.
Chester
Square
35
MINISTER 2:
We need a
leader who
listens.
01:27:53,204
-
01:27:54,929
1009
36 MINISTER 3:
This isn't about
her, it's about
01:27:54,964
-
1010
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
99
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
the party. 01:27:56,971
37 MINISTER 4:
One must know
when to go.
01:27:57,006
-
01:27:58,927
1011
38
MINISTER 1:
The question is,
how does
anyone put it to
her?
01:27:58,962
-
01:28:01,359
1012
Drawing
Room.
Chester
Square
The signal
of her
ministers
that they
do not
want her to
lead the
party
anymore
39
MINISTER 2 :
If you were to
stand, I of
course would
vote for you
Prime Minister-
- of course
would vote for
you Prime
Minister but I
don't think you
can win.
01:28:02,600
-
01:28:12,831
1013
40
Minister 3:
The loyalty of
my colleagues
cannot be
counted upon.
01:28:10,123
-
01:28:12,831
1015
41 Speaker (v.o.):
Order! Order!
House of Margaret
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
100
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
42
Northern Voice
(v.o.):
This is a naked
strategy of
closing some
coal mines and
then selling off
Commons sits alone
on the
front
bench,
while a
stream of
voices
from the
past came
through.
43
Irish Voice
(v.o.):
This is the
woman who's
watched ten
men on hunger
strike starve
themselves to
death and never
flinched!
44
Male Voice
(v.o.):
Cynical
Falklands war
45
Minister (v.o.):
More
homeowners,
more
shareholders,
more savings -
46 Popularity
seekers
Bedroom.
Chester
Denis’
reacts on
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
101
N
o
People
Reaction Time Scene Setting Context
Types of Reaction
Internal Reaction
Mass Media
External Reaction
Family Party Words Actions Opposition
Party
Wide
Rebellion
Action
Square Margaret’s
hesitation
on all her
actions for
years.
TOTAL 6
Occurrences
21
Occurrences
40
Occurrences
15
Occurrences
19
Occurrences
3
occurrences
9
Occurrences
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
102
Appendix C
Motivation Words that Affect Margaret’s Political Action and Decision.
N
o Types of Words/Language Time
The Person Who give
the word/language
When the
words/language
was given
1 We on this island are strong.
We're self-reliant.
Sometimes we're plain bloody
minded.
But we also believe in helping
each other.
And I don't mean by state hand-
outs...
Alfred Roberts
(Margaret’s Father)
Grantham 1943
2 Never run with the crowd,
Margaret.
Go your own way.
00:09:15,753
-
00:09:19,323
Alfred Roberts
3 Don't let me down Margaret.
‘’
4 We on this island are strong.
We're self-reliant. Napoleon
called us a nation of
shopkeepers.
‘’ Town Hall.1949
5 He meant it as an insult but to
me it's a compliment. That's why
he couldn't beat us, and that's
why Hitler can't beat us.
We Conservatives believe in
giving people the freedom and
opportunity to fulfil their own
potential,especially the young.
There's no good in pretending
we're all equal, we're not all the
same, never have been, never
will be. We should encourage
our children to aspire to achieve
more than we have, for our
children today will be the
leaders of tomorrow.
6 Respectfully, Margaret, I
disagree. If you want to change
this party, lead it. If you want
To change the country, lead it.
What we're talking about here
today is surface. What's crucial
is that you hold your course, and
Airey Neave Reece’s Office.
London.
1975
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
103
N
o Types of Words/Language Time
The Person Who give
the word/language
When the
words/language
was given
stay true to who you are. Never
be anything other than yourself.
7 Give `em hell!
You look magnificent. Next stop
Prime Minister.
“ Backstage.
Conference
Hall.Brighton.1979
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
104
Appendix D
Underestimated Words on Margaret’s Background and Gender
No Types of Words/Languages The Person Who Give
The Words/Languages
When the
Words/Languages was
given
1 Margaret, do you want to come to the
pictures?
Pretty young woman 1 Grantham. Street. 1943
2 She can't come, she's got to study.
Miss Hoity Toity!
Pretty young woman 1
3 So was your father a political
man, too, Miss Roberts?
And a grocer as well!
Portly Host Dining
Room.Dartford.1949.
When she attends
Cabinet’s Dinner
4 And did you help, err, in the...shop?
Hostess ‘’
5 A very good starting point for the
political life, I'm sure.
Grey Suited Man ‘’
6 I'm not sure a home economics
lesson is quite what the Dartford
constituents need. They see industry
being nationalized, the unions on the
up, the pound on the slide...whoever
can sort that lot out - he's my man.
Male Guest ‘’
7 So, Margaret, how would you have
dealt with this if you'd been Prime
Minister?
Michael Dining Room. Chester
Square.London
8 Methinks the Right Honourable lady
doth screech to much. If she wants us to
take her seriously she must learn to
calm down!
Shadow Minister House of Commons
Chamber.1974
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI