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The Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxon PeriodPeriod
449 – 1066 AD449 – 1066 AD
The Dark AgesThe Dark Ages
battlebattle confusionconfusion uproaruproar outrageoutrage
attempts at educational attempts at educational improvements and religionimprovements and religion
The History of BritainThe History of Britain
1. Iberians1. Iberians
first group to invade Britainfirst group to invade Britain came from present-day Spain and came from present-day Spain and
PortugalPortugal brought stone-age weaponry:brought stone-age weaponry:
– flint arrowheadflint arrowhead– flint knifeflint knife– stone hand axestone hand axe– sling shotsling shot
2. Celts2. Celts
BritonsBritons– settled Britainsettled Britain
GaelsGaels– settled Irelandsettled Ireland
• spoke different Celtic spoke different Celtic languageslanguages• farmers and huntersfarmers and hunters• long, heroic poems about theirlong, heroic poems about their historyhistory• myths (Old King Cole, King myths (Old King Cole, King Lear)Lear)
3. Romans3. Romanscontributed paved roads and highwayscontributed paved roads and highways
Julius Caesar Julius Caesar – ruled for only 100 years - ruled for only 100 years -
declaring Britain conquered declaring Britain conquered and returned to Franceand returned to France
ClaudiusClaudius– ruled for over 300 years, but ruled for over 300 years, but
left to protect Rome from left to protect Rome from Northern European TribesNorthern European Tribes
4. Anglos, Saxons, & Jutes4. Anglos, Saxons, & Jutes
farmers and fishermenfarmers and fishermen brought their society based on rank/classbrought their society based on rank/class divided Britain into 7 kingdoms:divided Britain into 7 kingdoms:
– IrelandIreland– WalesWales– MerciaMercia– ScotlandScotland– North UmbriaNorth Umbria– WessexWessex– DanelawDanelaw
Language:Language:
Anglo-SaxonAnglo-Saxon
(Old English)(Old English)
looks like present-looks like present-dayday
Dutch or GermanDutch or German
Anglo-Saxon ReligionAnglo-Saxon Religion
Paganism – worship Paganism – worship of gods & idolsof gods & idolsTiu – god of war and skyTiu – god of war and sky
(Tuesday)(Tuesday)
Woden – chief of godsWoden – chief of gods
(Wednesday)(Wednesday)
Fria – goddess of homeFria – goddess of home
(Friday)(Friday)
Stoicism – fate rulesStoicism – fate rules
Christianity Christianity – most of England most of England
followed by 650followed by 650– promoted:promoted:
peacepeace educationeducation literatureliterature
– promoters:promoters: St. PatrickSt. Patrick ColumbaColumba St. AugustineSt. Augustine
Venerable BedeVenerable Bede(a monk)(a monk)
““father of English father of English history”history”
With the encouragement of education, schools were founded at York and Canterbury, England
and written literature was promoted.
5. Vikings5. Vikings
Norse (Norway)Norse (Norway) Danes (Denmark)Danes (Denmark)
• destroyed and stole religious objects of worship
King Alfred of Wessex
• stopped the Vikings in Wessex• united the 7 kingdoms
• “Alfred the Great”• encouraged a rebirth of learning and education
peace begins…peace begins…
After about 100 years:After about 100 years:– Danes became peacefulDanes became peaceful
communicated with the Anglo-Saxonscommunicated with the Anglo-Saxons– ““law”law”
– Danish skills were incorporatedDanish skills were incorporated farmingfarming beer brewingbeer brewing tradetrade
– England grew into different townsEngland grew into different towns
6. Norman Conquest6. Norman Conquest
William, Duke of NormandyWilliam, Duke of Normandy– conquered Anglo-Saxon England in 1066conquered Anglo-Saxon England in 1066– ended Anglo-Saxon ruleended Anglo-Saxon rule
Old English LiteratureOld English Literature
British IslesBritish Isles– OriginationOrigination– Celtic Celtic Druids Druids
memorized poems memorized poems about heroic about heroic leadersleaders
Anglo-SaxonAnglo-Saxon– ScopsScops and and
gleemengleemen performed performed epicsepics accompanied by a accompanied by a harpharp
- - RiddlesRiddles
Examples of Epics:Examples of Epics:
Homer’sHomer’s– The Illiad The Illiad – The OdysseyThe Odyssey
Virgil’sVirgil’s– The AeneidThe Aeneid
Let’s get Let’s get started…started…
with with Beowulf.Beowulf.