The Anglo Saxon9

8/3/2019 The Anglo Saxon9

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Before TheAnglo-Saxon

invasion

Here we have amap showingBritain beforebeing invaded bythe Germanictribes.


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The New InvadersAccording to the Ecclesiastical History ofthe EnglishPeople written by an English monk namedBede, theinvaders came from three Germanic tribes:

AnglesSaxonsJutes


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Who lived in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons arrived?There were already people living in Britainbefore the Anglo-Saxons arrived. These peoplewere the native Britons who remained afterthe Romans left.

The Anglo-Saxons were invited by the Britishto settle in England in return for protectingthe Britons from raids and pirates. The Britishwere raided by people from the north, thePicts.However more Anglo-Saxons soon arrived andsettled throughout the country.


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THENThe new periodof Britain starts


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Where did they come from?As we can see they comefrom territories which todayare parts of Denmark,Germany and Netherland.

Anglo-Saxon times


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Routes taken across the NorthSea


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SettlementsAs we can see on the map thedifferent tribes settled indifferent places: Jutes: Kent and along thesouth coast. Angles: east and in the northMidlands. Saxons: between the Jutesand the Angles: from theThames Estuary westwards.


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Anglo-Saxon KingdomsEast Anglia (EastAngles)Essex (East Saxons)Sussex (South Saxons)Wessex (West Saxons)The three largest andmost powerfulkingdoms:

NorthumbriaMerciaWessex


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Finally the British land endedthis way


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Anglo-Saxon Soldier


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Anglo-Saxon Sword
http://www.arscives.com/vevans/images/5.5-Anglo-Saxon-Sword.jpg


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Other Weapons


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Anglo- Saxon Helmet


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Example of a Battle


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Kings


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King Offa of Mercia(757-896)This king was the most powerfulking of Anglo-Saxons kings. Heclaimed kingship of the Englishbut did not control all of England.


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King Offas DykeOffa's Dyke is a linear earthwork which roughly follows the Welsh and Englishboundary. It consists of a ditch and appears to have been carefully aligned topresent an open view into Wales from along its length. As originally constructed, itmust have been about 27 metres wide and 8 metres from the ditch bottom to thebank top.


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Pennys in Offas timesKing Offa introduced theEnglish penny, which wasthe precursor of moderncoins. Most of the coinscarried the Kingsportrait and somecarried the portrait of hiswife, Cynethryth. The

coins were probablyminted at Canterbury.


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CuriosityThere are some theories claimingthat King Offa could have been aMuslim. The evidence presented insupport of Offa's supposedconversion is a coin, it is a copy of a

gold dinar by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur, the original of which isdated AD 774. Along with theIslamic Arabic inscriptions ("Thereis no god but Allah and there is noassociate unto Him"), there is on oneside the Latin inscription "Offa Rex".It has been suggested that this isproof that Offa wanted to declarepublically his Islam by making coinswith the Muslim creed on them. Hepostulates that Offa may have learntabout Islam by visting Spain.


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The WitanThe Witan was the KingsCouncil, it grew out ofinformal groups of seniorwarriors to whom KingOffa had turned for adviceond difficult matters. TheWitans authority wasbased on its right to choosekings, without its supportthe Kings authority was in

danger.


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Anglo-Saxon Plough

The Anglo-Saxons introduced a heavy plough which was ableto plough in long straight lines across the field, it was usefulfor cultivating heavier soils, but it required six or eight oxento pull it and it was difficult to turn.


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Anglo-Saxon ManorThe Manor was a simple building where local villagers came topay taxes, where justice was administrated and where men mettogether to join the army, called fyrd.


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King Alfred of Wessex(849-899)He was the king whomade most use of thechurch.Apart from being king ofWessex he was alsorecognised as king in thewhole country as hiskingdom was the onlykingdom which held outagainst Vikings. Duringhis struggle against theDanes, he built walledsettlement to keep theVikings out.He started the Anglo-Saxon chronicle togetherwith BedesEcclesiasticalHistory of the EnglishPeople for understandingthe period and to educatethe people.


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TheAnglo-Saxon

ChronicleKing Alfredplanning thebattleagainst theVikings


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CULTUREAND

SOCIETY


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Anlgo-SaxonSocietyThe Aristocracy - Theterritory was divided intoseven separate kingdoms,Each kingdom was ruledby a kingThe Middle Class - Itwasdivided into three mainclasses of freemen. Theyhad the right and duty toserve in the fyrd, whichwas the Anglo-Saxonmilitary.The lower class - At thelowest end was the slave.Slaves were allowed toown property and couldearn money in their sparetime which allowed themto buy their freedom.


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King and Queens ClothingAnglo-Saxon kings wore tunics with trim andtight fitting pants. They wore silk or woolcloaks that were fastened with pins.

The queens clothing consisted of a linen underdress, and an overdress made of silk, wool orheavy linen. They also wore a wimple and veil.


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Mens ClothingMen wore a short cloak or cape, madeof skin or fur.They also wore trousersbeneath a tunic.Most men also wore a tunic, girdledat the waist and usually with longsleeves. Belts were worn both to holdup the trousers and to girdle thetunic.


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Womens ClothingThe basic item of clothing was adress clasped at the shouldersby a pair of brooches, leavingthe arms uncovered in coldweather. Many women alsowore cloaks, capes or shawls. Acloak or shawl could easily bedrawn up over the head.


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A modern replica (copy) ofthe lyre found at the SuttonHoo ship-burial. A lyre is amusical instrument playedwith the fingers, like a harp. A pot used in an Anglo-Saxon burial. The burnedremains and bones of adead person were put in thepot, which was then buried.


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Bone CombsThe Anglo-Saxons made combs outof bone and antler. The bone camefrom animals such as horses, cattle,sheep and pigs. The antler camefrom deer.

Combs are quite commonly foundon Anglo-Saxon sites, whichsuggests the Anglo-Saxons wereconcerned about their appearance.Regular use of combs would alsohelp reduce fleas and head lice.


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A set of 'gamingpieces. The pieceswere used inboard andgambling games

ANGLO-SAXONJEWELLS


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BUILDINGSVILLAGE

Ordinary Anglo-Saxons usuallylived in small villages. Thesewould be made up of about fouror five farms; they usually kepttheir animals near the houseand they would grew cropsnearby.

HALL

Most Anglo-Saxon buildings wereconstructed of wood with wattleand daub walls. Most buildingswere square or rectangular,although some round houses havebeen found. There were hearthsinside where the people could makea fire to cook on and to keep themwarm.


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OLD ENGLISHOld English was spokenbetween the 5th and 11thcenturies. Old English began toappear in writing during theearly 8th century. Most textswere written in West Saxon,one of the four main dialects.The other dialects wereMercian, Northumbrian andKentish.The Anglo-Saxons adopted thestyles of script used by Irishmissionaries, such as Insularhalf-uncial, which was used forbooks in Latin.


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OLD ENGLISHWRITTEN INRUNIC ALPHABET


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Old English was sometimes writtenwith a version of the Runic alphabet,

brought to Britain by the Anglo-

Saxons until about the 11th century.


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LITERATUREBEOWULF

One of the earliest Europeanepics written in native language.The story is set in Scandinavia,before the migration. Though it is atraditional the poem as we have it isthought to be the work of a singlepoet. It was composed in England.

ANGLO-SAXONCHRONICLESThese chronicles are a collection ofseven manuscripts written in OldEnglish by monks in the form of adiary, tell the story of England, andcover a period of over a thousandyears. In some cases the entries weremade several years after the eventstook place.


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The Venerable Bede

Bede was a Christian monk who is considered"Father of English History."He wrote the "Ecclesiastical History of theEnglish People with king Alfred; this workrecords events in Britain from the raids byJulius Caesar in 55-54 BC to the arrival ofthe first missionary from Rome, Saint

Augustine in 597.

(673-735)


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The first page of Bede'sHistory of the EnglishChurch and People

This is a page from anOld English manuscript.It shows Noah's Ark,from the Bible. ManyAnglo-Saxon books werereligious


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CdmonCdmon, in the seventhcentury, was the author ofseveral Anglo-Saxon poemsbased upon biblicalnarratives. Our sole sourceof information for his life isan account by theVenerable Bede


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Days of the week


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ReligionPOPE GREGORY THE GREAT(590 - 604)

Gregory was a roman monk who becamePope. In 597 he sent a monk,Augustine, to re-establishChristianity in England.

AUGUSTINEHe became the first Archbishop ofCanterbury in 601.He was sent by Pope Gregory toconvert the "English" to Christianity.


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Synod of Whitby (663)The Synod of Whitby marked aturning point in the teachings ofChristianity in Britain. At thiscouncil, religious leaders and KingOswy of Northumbria decided tofollow Roman, not Celtic, teachings.

Augustine found that themissionaries from Ireland observedEaster at a different time from thatwhich had been appointed by theRoman church. After years ofcontroversy it was agreed that asynod should be held in order tosettle the problem. The synod washeld in Streoneshalh now calledWhitby.


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Roman Church increased its power bybuilding monasteries


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CONCLUSIONHistorical sources mentionincomers from regions calledAngeln and Saxony, so we callthese newcomers Anglo-Saxons.Their way of life can indeed beparalleled in northern Germanyand Denmark, but also in northernFrance, the Netherlands andScandinavia and there would havebeen an element of the originalRomano-British population.At the same time Christianitybecame established, the first townsformed from trading centres andthe Anglo-Saxons started mintingtheir own coinage.With time, the kingdoms wereunited, notably under Alfred theGreat in the ninth century, whenthe Anglo-Saxons faced majoropposition from Viking settlers inthe east and north of England. Bythe 950s, one unified kingdomemerged.


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Additionalinformation


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Kings of WessexIn the eighth century England consisted of seven Anglo-Saxonsub-kingdoms. Cerdic of Wessex (519-534), the founder of theWessex line, claimed a mythical descent from the great Wodinhimself. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic was aSaxon Ealdorman who landed in Hampshire in 495 with his sonCynric and fought with the Britons becoming the first King ofWessex. The dynasty he founded was to rule England for overtwo hundred years.


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KING EGBERT

802-839

KING AETHELWULF

839-856KING AETHELRED

866-871

KING THELBERT

860-866

KING THELDARD

856-860


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Trabajo realizado por:Elhammachi, Nihad

Y

Perry Rodrguez, Lorraine


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The Anglo Saxon9

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