Date post: | 16-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | blake-jordan |
View: | 213 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Bones
• Ankle + foot = 28 bones
• foot = 26 bones
• Leg: tibia, fibula
• Foot:– Tarsals (7): talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms
(3)
– Metatarsals (5)– Phalanges (14)
Joints
• Tibiofibular: – articulation between tibia and fibula
• amphiarthrodial joint
• Ankle joint– Talocrural
• articulation between talus and tibia; talus and fibula
• classified as a ginglymus
Joints
• Subtalar joint– articulation between talus and calcaneus– classified as arthrodial (gliding) joint
• Transverse tarsal joint– articulation between talus, navicular, calcaneus
and cuboid bones– classified as arthrodial joint
Joints• Tarsometatarsal
– tarsal bones and metatarsal– classified as arthrodial (gliding) joints
• Metatarsophalangeal– metatarsals and phalanges– classified as condyloid
• Interphalangeal joints (proximal and distal)– phalangeal bones– ginglymus
Arches of the foot
• Medial longitudinal arch– calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms (3), and
medial metatarsals (3).
• Lateral longitudinal arch– calcanueus, cuboid, lateral metatarsals (4 & 5)
• Transverse arch – across metatarsals
Movements
• Ankle joint– dorsiflexion: “raising the toes”– plantarflexion: “point the toes”
• Subtalar & Transverse tarsal joints– Calcaneal inversion and eversion
• Interphalangeal joints– flexion– extension
Movements
• Supination• inversion
• plantar flexion
• adduction
• Pronation• eversion
• dorsiflexion
• abduction
Summary• Bones of the foot:
– tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
• Joints of the foot and ankle– talocrural (ankle)
– subtalar
– transverse tarsal
– metatarsalphalangeal
– interphalangeal
• Movements– dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (ankle joint)
– inversion/eversion (subtalar & transverse tarsal)
– flexion and extension of toes about the interphalangeal joints
Plantar Flexors
• Gastrocnemius
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Peroneus longus
• Plantaris
• Soleus
• Tibialis Posterior
Extensor digitorum longus (p44)• Origin
– lateral condyle of tibia– upper 3/4 of anterior aspect of fibula
• Insertion– superior aspect of foot, middle and distal phalanges of four
lesser toes
• Action– Extension of four lesser toes– dorsal flexion– eversion
Extensor hallucis longus (p45)
• Origin– fibula, middle aspect of anterior fibula
• Insertion– superior aspect of foot, base of distal phalanx of
great toe
• Action– dorsiflexion– extension of great toe
Peroneus tertius (p46)
• Origin– fibula, anterior-lateral surface of lower 1/3 of
fibula
• Insertion– superior aspect of foot, base of fifth metatarsal
• Action– Eversion– Dorsal flexion
Tibialis anterior (p47)
• Origin– Lateral condyle of tibia
– Upper two-thirds of anterior-lateral aspect of tibia
• Insertion– plantar surface of 1st (medial) cuneiform and 1st
metatarsal
• Action– Dorsal flexion
– inversion
Peroneus brevis (p48)
• Origin– fibula, lower two-thirds, lateral aspect
• Insertion– 5th metatarsal tuberosity
• Action– eversion
Peroneus longus (p49)
• Origin– lateral surface of tibia– fibula, upper two-thirds of lateral aspect of fibula
• Insertion– inferior aspect of foot, 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
bones
• Action– Eversion– Plantar flexion
Flexor digitorum longus (p50)
• Origin– tibia, middle third, posterior aspect
• Insertion– plantar surface of foot, distal phalanx of each of
the four lesser toes (no big toe)
• Action– ‘toe’ flexion– plantar flexion
Flexor hallucis longus (p51)
• Origin– fibula, lower two-thirds, posterior aspect
• Insertion– plantar aspect of foot, base of distal phalanx of
big toe (‘hallucis’)
• Action– ‘big toe flexion’– inversion
Gastrocnemius (p52)
• Origin– medial and lateral epicondyle of the femur
• Insertion– posterior surface of calcaneus
• Action– plantar flexion– knee flexion
Soleus (p54)
• Origin– upper 1/3 posterior shaft of fibula– posterior surface of head of fibula– popliteal line– middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
• Insertion– Posterior surface of the calcaneus
• Action– Plantar flexion
Note
• Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles have a common tendon/insertion (calcaneal tendon or Achilles tendon)
• Some texts refer to the combination of the gastrocnemius and soleus as the triceps surae (three headed muscle).
Plantaris (p53)
• Origin– posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of femur
• Insertion– posterior surface of calcaneus
• Action– plantar flexion
Tibialis Posterior (p55)• Origin
– middle 1/3 of posterior-lateral surface of tibia
– middle 1/3 of posterior-medial surface of fibula
• Insertion– plantar surface of foot, lower inner surfaces of
navicular, cuneiforms, and 2nd & 3rd metatarsals
• Action– plantar flexion
– inversion