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The Aquarius/SAC-D Satellite Mission
Gary LagerloefAquarius Principal Investigator
South Atlantic WorkshopBuenos Aires 7-10 May 2007
F. Raúl Colomb SAC-D Principal Investigator
South Atlantic Workshop 28-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
• Aquarius Salinity Microwave Instrument
• Launch Vehicle
• Service Platform and SAC-D Science Instruments
• Mission Operations & Ground System
International Partnership between United States – Argentina
Mission Partnership
South Atlantic Workshop 38-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
NASA’s Mission Objective
A Key to Studying the Global Hydrologic Cycle and Global Change
Aquarius Mission is About Understanding the Interactions Between the Global Water Cycle, Ocean Circulation and Climate Through the Measurement of SSS
Aquarius Mission is About Understanding the Interactions Between the Global Water Cycle, Ocean Circulation and Climate Through the Measurement of SSS
Investigate the links between the global water cycle, ocean circulation and climate
Make global, space-based measurements of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) with high accuracy
Observe and model seasonal and year-to-year variations of SSS , and how these relate to changes in the water cycle and ocean circulation
Aquarius will yield an unprecedented view of ocean’s role in climate and weather
A Critical Climate Parameter Missing from the Present Satellite Observing Network
South Atlantic Workshop 48-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
CONAE’s Mission Objective
The SAC-D Science Mission is About Conducting Local Measurements Over Argentina and Contributing to Global Investigations of the Atmosphere, the
Oceans and the Effects of Human and Natural Processes on the Environment as Defined in the Strategic Plan of the Argentine National Space Program
The SAC-D Science Mission is About Conducting Local Measurements Over Argentina and Contributing to Global Investigations of the Atmosphere, the
Oceans and the Effects of Human and Natural Processes on the Environment as Defined in the Strategic Plan of the Argentine National Space Program
Validate technology for future CONAE missions
Monitoring atmospheric parameters
Understanding ocean circulation, global water cycle and climate interaction
Monitoring environmental changes, natural hazards and sea ice
Studying effect of cosmic radiation on electronic devices and characteristics of space debris
SAC-D Science Mission is About Conducting Local Measurements Over Argentina
South Atlantic Workshop 58-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Instruments + S/P Observatory
DCS
NIRST
Aquarius(primary instrument)
TDP
SAC-D S/P
CARMEN-1(ICARE-NG & SODAD) ROSA
HSC
Aquarius/SAC-D Observatory
MWRMicrowave Radiometer
New InfraRed Sensor Technology
Data Collection SystemRadio Occultation Sounder for the Atmosphere
High Sensitivity Camera
Technology Demonstration Package
Service Platform
Mass: 1675 KgPower:1443 WOper. Life: 5 yrs
Mass: 1675 KgPower:1443 WOper. Life: 5 yrs
Satélite de Aplicaciones Científicas-D
South Atlantic Workshop 68-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Instrument Objectives Specifications Resolution Owner
Aquarius Understanding ocean circulation, global water cycle and climate interaction. Soil Measures over
Argentina
Integrated L-band radiometers (1.413Ghz) and scatterometer
(1.26Ghz)
Three beams: 76 x 94, 84 x 120, 96 x
156 km
NASA
MWR Precipitation rate, winds peed, sea ice concentration, water vapour, clouds
23.8 and 36.5 GHzH and V pol.
Bandwidth: 0.5 and 1 GHzSwath:380 km
54 km CONAE
NIRST Hot spots events, sea surface temperature measurement
3.8, 10.85 and 11.85 Swath: 180 kmTilt: +/-30 deg.
350 meters CONAE
HSC Urban lights, electric storms, Polar regions, snow cover
450-900 nmswath: greater than 700 km
200-300 meters CONAE
DCS Data Collection System 401.55 Mhz uplink 2 contacts per day with 200 platforms
CONAE
ROSA Atmospheric properties GPS Occultation Techniques Horiz: 300 kmVert: 300 m
ASI
Carmen 1ICARE and
SODAD
I: Effect of cosmic radiation on electronic devices
S: distribution of microparticles and space debris
I: three fully depleted Si and Si/Li detectors
S: four SMOS sensors
I: 256 channels S: Sensitivity 5 μm part at 10
km/sec
CNES
TDP Position, velocity and time determination
Inertial angular velocity
GPS receiver
Inertial reference unit
20 m, 1 m/sec, .2µsec
ARW: 8* 10-3
deg/sqrt h
CONAE
Level 1 Science Objectives
South Atlantic Workshop 78-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Aquarius Instrument
76 x 94 km 96 x 156 km
84 x 120 km
3 Beams, 390 km swath, full coverage between adjacent orbit tracks.
3 Beams, 390 km swath, full coverage between adjacent orbit tracks.
Primary Objective: Understand Ocean Circulation; Global water cycle and climate
interaction Measure global SSS from space (0.2 psu rms on 150x150 km
scale over ice free oceans, monthly)
Instrument Description & Measurement Technique: Sea surface brightness temperature measured by stable
polarimetric radiometers operating at 1.413 GHz. Salinity is derived by measuring brightness temperature at L-Band
Coincident sea surface backscattering cross-section measured by stable polarimetric scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz. Roughness is the largest correction and is measured with the integrated L-band Scatterometer
Uses Deployable offset parabolic monolithic 2.5m reflector with three feedhorns provides three beams in a push-broom configuration
Revisit: 7 day repeat cycle Mass: 400 kg; Power: 450 W Operational Life: 3 years
Data Products: Derived Geo-located SSS Time spaced averaged SSS maps
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34118
120
122
124
126
128
130
132
134
Water Temp (C)
Tant
(K
)
25 psu 35 psu 40 psu K&S ModelL-Band Vertical
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34118
120
122
124
126
128
130
132
134
Water Temp (C)
Tant
(K
)
25 psu 35 psu 40 psu K&S ModelL-Band Vertical
Sensitivity vs Radiometer Frequency
1400-1427 MHz Protected Band
Tb=εT
ε = f(S, T, Freq, Incidence)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Sigma x1000
123.5
124
124.5
125
125.5
126
126.5
127
127.5
Tb
(
K)
67E67W
70/7377
19JulM214_16
CurveFit 3rdCurveFit 2nd
TbV and Sigma LH
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Sigma x1000
123.5
124
124.5
125
125.5
126
126.5
127
127.5
Tb
(
K)
67E67W
70/7377
19JulM214_16
CurveFit 3rdCurveFit 2nd
TbV and Sigma LH
South Atlantic Workshop 88-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
MWR Instrument
Primary Objective: Microwave Radiometer (MWR) measure surface brightness temperature in the
frequency range sensitive to geophysical parameters over the ocean to contribute to climate and hydrological forecasting for the La Plata basin, Patagonia and Antarctica
MWR data complements Aquarius SSS measurements by providing 8 overlapping beams
Instrument Description & Measurement Technique: Two continuously operating radiometers at 23.8 GHz (K band; V-pol) and at 36.5
GHz (Ka band, polarimetric H & V) over land and sea (with 8 feeds per frequency)
390 km Swath width (coincident with Aquarius) Resolution of 50 km (across-track) Coverage: Global
Precipitation Wind Speed
South Atlantic Workshop 98-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Simple land index derived from SSMIS 22V, 37V, 37H.
Low resolution.
Courtesy F. Wentz
Land use Index
South Atlantic Workshop 108-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Data to CommunityData to Community
Science Measurement Perspective
Beams point toward the night side to avoid sun glint
Beams point toward the night side to avoid sun glint
Launch
2010
Launch
2010
Sun-synchronous exact repeat orbit6pm ascending nodeAltitude 657 km; 98 deg inclinationEarth viewing & Nadir pointing instruments
Surface ValidationSurface Validation
Global Coverage in 7 Days 4 Repeat Cycles per Month
Global Coverage in 7 Days 4 Repeat Cycles per Month
Ground System& Data Processing
Ground System& Data Processing
South Atlantic Workshop 118-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Orbit and Swath
South Atlantic Workshop 128-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Smoothing Effect of the Aquarius Footprint
South Atlantic Workshop 138-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
5 March 2007
Science Goal: Net Freshwater Budget
• Examine mean salt (SSS) advection and divergence
• Trial balance with E-P net surface freshwater forcing
U·∇S ~ S(E-P)/H
OSCAR = Geostrophic + Ekman @ 15m
South Atlantic Workshop 148-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
2005-2006 Argo mean SSS
South Atlantic Workshop 158-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Net Freshwater Flux
Precipitation (GPCP)
&
Evaporation (Lisan Yu,
WHOI)
H
South Atlantic Workshop 168-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Net flux vs Salinity divergence
S(E-P)/H
psu · year-1
U·∇S
psu · year-
1
South Atlantic Workshop 178-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Surface forcing minus advection
Preliminary findings:
•Global SSS divergence patterns are of the same magnitude as E-P forcing, and thus SSS advection has a predominant role in the net surface freshwater budget.
•Differences between SSS divergence and (E-P)/H are of similar magnitude and are partly the result of meridional offsets of the peak latitudes.
MeridionalZonalTotal
(E-P)/H
South Atlantic Workshop 188-10 May 2007, San Ceferino, Buenos Aires
G. Lagerloef, Raul Colomb
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission
Education & Public Engagement
Education and Public Outreach will increase awareness and understanding of how the earth functions as a system – and technology’s role in enabling
development of the knowledge – through Informal and Formal Education and Professional Development activities.
Education and Public Outreach will increase awareness and understanding of how the earth functions as a system – and technology’s role in enabling
development of the knowledge – through Informal and Formal Education and Professional Development activities.
http://www.conae.gov.ar/elespacioyud/ambitoeduc.html http://aquarius.gsfc.nasa.gov/education.html