The Arab Israeli ConflictThe Arab Israeli Conflict

Camp David Accords 1978Camp David Accords 1978

BACKGROUND

Israel had control of the Sinai Peninsula (6 Day War)

President Sadat (Egypt) & President Begin (Israel) secretly meeting

Sadat was the first Arab leader to ever visit Israel (recognizing them as legitimate state

Really upsets the rest of the Arab world

Jimmy Carter initiates peace talks

Terms of AgreementTerms of Agreement

Peace in the Middle East

Fully implement UN Resolution 242

Autonomous self-governing state in West Bank and Gaza

“Associated Principles”

Egyptian/Israeli Peace Treaty

Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula

Normal diplomatic relations with Egypt: Use of the Suez Canal and limited Egyptian forces in the Sinai Peninsula

What Happens Next?What Happens Next?

Perception of Egypt in Arab world shifts

Sadat assassinated in 1981

Egypt not allowed in Arab League from 1979-1989

No longer a united Arab front

Egypt’s status leaves room for a new Arab country to rise to power: Who?

Realization that negotiations are possible

The IntifadasThe Intifadas

Intifada I 1987-1990

Against Israeli occupation

Civil Disobedience

Israeli Defense Force kill over 1,000 Palestinians

Intifada II 2000-?

Ariel Sharon visits Al-Aqsa Mosque

Demonstrators protest

Unarmed Palestinians are killed (sets off cycle)

US criticized for not stopping Israel

Oslo Accords 1993Oslo Accords 1993

BACKGROUND

Israeli PM Yitzhak Rabin (Israeli Left) negotiates with PLO leader Yasser Arafat

Terms of AgreementTerms of Agreement

Israeli Forces withdrawal from Gaza and West Bank

Palestinian right to self-government in these areas

Creation of Palestinian Authority (PA)*

Palestinian rule for 5 years and then reassess

*Factor in Palestinian Opposition (PO) to emerge ex. Hamas

Deliberately Excluded IssuesDeliberately Excluded Issues

Jerusalem

Refugees

Israeli Settlements

Security and Borders

What Happened?What Happened?

1994 process supposed to start

Israeli Right upset

Rabin assassinated in 1995

Camp David Summit 2000 (Clinton, Arafat, Ehud Barak) considered a failure

Intifada ongoing during this time

Sharon elected PM in 2001 (Likud Party)

All processes come to a halt

Violence and suicide bombers escalate between 2000-2003

Where Are We Today?Where Are We Today?

Ariel Sharon (Israeli Right) PM in Israel

Mahmoud Abbas PM for Palestinians

Roadmap to PeaceRoadmap to Peace

Quartet: US, UN, European Union, and Russia

Bush first US President to explicitly call for Palestinian state

PA must implement democratic reforms and renounce terrorism

Israel must recognize autonomy of Palestinians in disputed areas

Ongoing violence has threatened progress

Israel’s Security Wall

The Gaza StripThe Gaza Strip

Israel’s military forces pulled out in August

Gaza first or Gaza only?

Talks again have come to a halt

HomeworkHomework

Writing Exercise 1 page

What is the Arab Israeli Conflict about, why hasn’t there been a workable solution, and is there one?

Things to think about while writing: Where does the blame lie? Was the situation inevitable? Why or why not?

Please use evidence from your reading and lecture to write!