By: Susan M. PojerBy: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Horace Greeley HS

Chappaqua, NYChappaqua, NY

Art and PatronageArt and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of

money on art./ Art communicated social, political, and

spiritual values./ Italian banking & international trade

interests had the money. Public art in Florence was organized

and supported by guilds.

Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

1. Realism & 1. Realism & ExpressionExpression Expulsion Expulsion

fromfromthe Gardenthe Garden

MasaccioMasaccio 14271427 First nudes First nudes

sincesinceclassical classical timestimes..

2. Perspective2. Perspective

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

First use First use of linear of linear

perspective!perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

The The TrinityTrinity

MasaccioMasaccio 14271427

What you What you are, I once are, I once was; what I was; what I am, you will am, you will

become.become.

3. Classicism3. Classicism Greco-Roman

influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism

free standing figures.

Symmetry/BalanceThe The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”

Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)

4. Emphasis on 4. Emphasis on IndividualismIndividualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:

The Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoThe Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

Isabella d’Este –Isabella d’Este – da Vinci, da Vinci, 14991499 1474-1539

“First Lady of the Italian Renaissance.”

Great patroness of the arts in Mantua.

Known during her time as “First Lady of the World!”

5. Geometrical 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Arrangement of

FiguresFigures The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranatPomegranatee

Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci

14691469 The figure as The figure as

architecture!architecture!

6. Light & 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Shadowing/Softening

EdgesEdges

ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro

SfumatoSfumato

7. Artists as 7. Artists as Personalities/CelebritiesPersonalities/Celebrities

Lives of the Lives of the Most Most Excellent Excellent Painters, Painters, Sculptors, andSculptors, andArchitectsArchitects

Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari

15501550

Renaissance Renaissance FlorenceFlorence

The Wool FactoryThe Wool Factoryby Mirabello Cavalori, 1570by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 1252 – first gold 1252 – first gold

florinsflorins minted minted

Florentine lion:Florentine lion:symbol of St. symbol of St.

MarkMark

Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificentthe Magnificent

1478 - 15211478 - 1521

Cosimo de Cosimo de MediciMedici

1517 - 15741517 - 1574

Florence Under the Florence Under the MediciMedici

Medici ChapelMedici Chapel

The Medici PalaceThe Medici Palace

Filippo Filippo BrunelleschiBrunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436

ArchitectArchitect

Cuppolo of St. Cuppolo of St. MariaMariadel Fioredel Fiore

Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi Commissioned

to build the cathedral dome./ Used unique

architectural concepts. He studied

the ancient Pantheon in Rome.

Used ribs for support.

Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s “Secret”“Secret”

Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s DomeDome

Dome Dome ComparisonsComparisons

Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

The Ideal CityThe Ideal City Piero della Piero della

Francesca, 1470Francesca, 1470

A Contest to Decorate the A Contest to Decorate the Cathedral: Cathedral: Sacrifice of IsaacSacrifice of Isaac

PanelsPanelsBrunelleschi Ghiberti

Ghiberti – Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseGates of ParadiseBaptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 -

14521452The Winner!The Winner!

David by David by DonatelloDonatello 14301430 First free-form bronze First free-form bronze

since Roman times!since Roman times!

The Liberation The Liberation of Sculptureof Sculpture

DavidDavid

VerrocchioVerrocchio

1473 - 1473 - 14751475

The Baptism of ChristThe Baptism of Christ Verrocchio, 1472 - 1475Verrocchio, 1472 - 1475

Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci

Vitruvian Vitruvian Man Man

Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci

14921492TheThe

L’uomoL’uomouniversauniversa

lele

The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man” Broad knowledge about many

things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from

different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.

The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

1.1. Self-Portrait Self-Portrait -- da -- da Vinci, 1512Vinci, 1512

1452 - 15191452 - 1519

Artist Sculptor Architect Scientist Engineer Inventor

Leonardo, Leonardo, the Artistthe Artist

The Virgin The Virgin of the Rocks of the Rocks

Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci

1483-14861483-1486

Leonardo, the Artist:Leonardo, the Artist:From hisFrom hisNotebooks of over Notebooks of over 5000 5000

pages (1508-1519)pages (1508-1519)

Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci, – da Vinci, 1503-41503-4

A Macaroni MonaA Macaroni Mona

A Picasso MonaA Picasso Mona

An Andy Warhol MonaAn Andy Warhol Mona

A “Mona”ca A “Mona”ca LewinskyLewinsky

Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498& Geometry& Geometry

RefractorRefractoryy

Convent Convent of Santa of Santa

Maria Maria delle delle

GrazieGrazie

MilanMilan

horizontal

vert

ical

PerspectivPerspective!e!

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498

Detail of Detail of JesusJesus

The Last The Last SupperSupper

Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci

14981498

DeterioratDeteriorationion

A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John St. John oror Mary Magdalene? Mary Magdalene?

Leonardo, the SculptorLeonardo, the Sculptor

An An Equestrian Equestrian StatueStatue

1516-15181516-1518

Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Study of a Study of a central central church.church.

14881488

Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

An example of An example of the humanist the humanist desire to desire to unlock the unlock the secrets of secrets of nature.nature.

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): (Anatomy):

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Leonardo, the Leonardo, the Inventor:Inventor:

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?

A study of siege A study of siege defenses.defenses.

Studies of water-lifting Studies of water-lifting devices.devices.

Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Pages from his

NotebookNotebook

Leonardo da Vinci….Leonardo da Vinci….O investigator, do not O investigator, do not flatter yourself that you flatter yourself that you know the things nature know the things nature performs for herself, but performs for herself, but rejoice in knowing that rejoice in knowing that purpose of those things purpose of those things designed by your own designed by your own mind.mind.

Comparing DomesComparing Domes

2.2. Michelangelo Michelangelo BuonorratiBuonorrati

1475 – 15641475 – 1564

He He represented represented the body in the body in three three dimensions dimensions of sculpture.of sculpture.

DavidDavid MichelangelMichelangel

ooBuonarottiBuonarotti

15041504 MarbleMarble

15c15c

16c16c

WhatWhat

aa

differencedifference

aa

centurycentury

makes!makes!

The PietaThe Pieta

MichelangeMichelangeloloBuonarrotiBuonarroti

14991499

marblemarble

The Popes as Patrons The Popes as Patrons of the Artsof the Arts

The Sistine The Sistine ChapelChapel

MichelangelMichelangelo Buonarrotio Buonarroti

1508 - 15121508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel’s The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingCeiling

Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 15121508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The The Creation Creation

of the of the HeavensHeavens

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

Creation of ManCreation of Man

A Modern A Modern “Adaptation”“Adaptation”

Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Fall The Fall from from GraceGrace

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment

3.3. Raffaello Sanzio (1483- Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)1520)

Self-PortraitSelf-Portrait, 1506, 1506 Portrait of the Artist Portrait of the Artist with a Friendwith a Friend, 1518, 1518

Baldassare CastiglioneBaldassare Castiglione by by Raphael,Raphael,

1514-15151514-1515 Castiglione Castiglione

represented represented the humanist the humanist “gentleman” “gentleman” as a man of as a man of refinement refinement and self-and self-control.control.

PerspectivPerspective!e!

BetrothBetrothal al

of the of the Virgin Virgin

RaphaelRaphael15041504

Raphael’sRaphael’s Canagiani Canagiani Madonna, Madonna, 15071507

Raphael’sRaphael’s Madonnas Madonnas (1)(1)

Sistine MadonnaSistine Madonna Cowpepper MadonnaCowpepper Madonna

Madonna della SediaMadonna della Sedia Alba MadonnaAlba Madonna

Raphael’sRaphael’s Madonnas Madonnas (2)(2)

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11 One point perspective.

All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!

A great variety of poses. Located in the papal apartments

library. Raphael worked on this commission

simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.

No Christian themes here.

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11

Raphael

Da Vinci

Michelangelo

AristotleAristotle::looks to thislooks to thisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and

now].now].

PlatoPlato::looks to thelooks to theheavens [or heavens [or

the IDEALthe IDEALrealm].realm].

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, detailsRaphael, details

Averroes

Hypatia

Pythagoras

ZoroasterZoroaster

Ptolemy

Euclid

The Liberation of St. The Liberation of St. PeterPeter by Raphael, 1514 by Raphael, 1514

Portrait of Pope Julius IIPortrait of Pope Julius II by Raphael, 1511-1512by Raphael, 1511-1512

More concerned More concerned with politics than with politics than with theology.with theology.

The “Warrior The “Warrior Pope.”Pope.”

Great patron of Great patron of Renaissance Renaissance artists, especially artists, especially Raphael & Raphael & Michelangelo.Michelangelo.

Died in 1513Died in 1513

Pope Leo X with Cardinal Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Rossi Rossi by Raphael, 1518-1519 by Raphael, 1518-1519 A Medici Pope.A Medici Pope. He went through He went through

the Vatican the Vatican treasury in a treasury in a year!year!

His extravagances His extravagances offended even offended even some cardinals some cardinals [[as well as Martin as well as Martin LutherLuther!].!].

Started selling Started selling indulgencesindulgences..

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – – Botticelli, 1485Botticelli, 1485

An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

Botticelli’s Venus Motif.Botticelli’s Venus Motif.10¢ Italian Euro coin.10¢ Italian Euro coin.

2002 Euro Coin2002 Euro Coin

PrimaveraPrimavera – Botticelli, – Botticelli, 14821482

Depicted classical gods as Depicted classical gods as almost naked and life-size.almost naked and life-size.

A Portrait of SavonarolaA Portrait of Savonarola By Fra Bartolomeo, By Fra Bartolomeo,

1498.1498. Dominican friar who Dominican friar who

decried money and decried money and power.power.

Anti-humanistAnti-humanist he saw he saw humanism as too humanism as too secular, hedonistic, and secular, hedonistic, and corrupting.corrupting.

The The “Bonfire of the “Bonfire of the Vanities,”Vanities,” 1497. 1497./ Burned books, artwork, Burned books, artwork,

jewelry, and other jewelry, and other luxury goods in public.luxury goods in public.

/ Even Botticelli put Even Botticelli put some of his paintings some of his paintings on the fire!!on the fire!!

The Execution of The Execution of Savonarola, 1452Savonarola, 1452

The Doge, Leonardo LoredonThe Doge, Leonardo LoredonBerlini, 1501Berlini, 1501

Venus of Urbino Venus of Urbino – Titian, – Titian, 15581558

The Penitent Mary The Penitent Mary Magdalene Magdalene by Titian, 1533by Titian, 1533

By the mid-16c, By the mid-16c, High High Renaissance Renaissance art was art was declining.declining.

Mannerism Mannerism became more became more popular.popular.

This painting is This painting is a good example a good example of this new of this new artistic style.artistic style.