9AE

The arts provide opportunities to gain insight into

the perspectives and experiences of people from

a variety of times, places, and cultures.

9AE

Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted through

arts experience

9AE

Creative arts experiences can build community

and nurture relationships with others.

9AE

Create artistic works both collaboratively and as

an individual using ideas inspired by imagination,

inquiry, and purposeful play

9AE

Dance, drama, music and visual arts use their

own unique sensory language for creating and

communicating

9AE

Explore materials, environments, tools, and

techniques by combining and arranging elements,

processes, and principles

9AE

Explore relationships between identity, place,

culture, society, and belonging through artistic

experiences

9AE

Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation

of personal, social, cultural, historical, and

environmental contexts in relation to the arts

9AE

Select and combine elements and principles of

the arts to intentionally create a particular mood,

effect, or meaning

9AE

Develop, refine, document, and critically appraise

ideas, processes, and technical skills to improve

the quality of works of art

9AE

Describe, interpret, and evaluate how artists use

tools, processes, technologies, materials, and

environments to create and communicate ideas

9AE

Adapt and apply learned skills, understandings,

and processes for use in new contexts and for

different purposes and audiences

9AE

Revise, refine, analyze, and document creative

works and experiences to enhance presentation

and/or performance in a variety of ways

9AE

Compose, interpret, and expand ideas using

symbolism, imagery and elements

9AED

Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted

through dance experiences.

9AED

Collaborative dance experiences can build

community and nurture relationships with others

9AED

Dance provides opportunities to gain insight into

perspectives and experiences of people from a

variety of times, places, and cultures.

9AED

Dance uses a unique sensory language for

creating and communicating

9AED

Create movement phrases both collaboratively

and as an individual, using ideas inspired by

imagination, inquiry, and purposeful play

9AED

Select and combine the elements of dance to

intentionally create a particular mood, meaning,

or purpose

9AED

Explore relationships between identity, place,

culture, society, and belonging through

movement experiences

9AED

Create personally meaningful bodies of artistic

works that demonstrate an understanding and

appreciation of social, cultural, environmental

and historical contexts

9AED

Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation

of personal, social, cultural, historical, and

environmental contexts in relation to dance

9AED

Take creative risks to experience and express

thoughts, emotions and meaning

9AED

Develop and refine ideas, movement, and

technical skills to improve the quality of

performance pieces

9AED

Describe, interpret, and evaluate how dancers

and choreographers use the elements of dance

and choreographic structures to create and

communicate dance

9AED

Receive, offer, and apply constructive feedback

purposes

9AED

Compose, interpret, and expand ideas using

symbolism, imagery, and elements

9AED

Adapt and apply learned skills, understandings,

and processes for use in new contexts and for

different purposes and audiences

9AED

Revise, refine, analyze, and document creative

works and experience to enhance presentation in

a variety of ways

9AED

Demonstrate respect for themselves, others, and

the audience

9AED

Reflect on works of art and creative processes to

make connections to personal learning and

experiences

9AED

Collaborate through reciprocal relationships

during creative process

9AED

Movement development strategies

9AED

Dance elements, techniques, and vocabulary to

create mood and convey ideas, including but not

limited to: body, space, dynamics, time,

relationships, form and movement principles

9AED

Choreographic choices that impact clarity of

intent and purpose

9AED

The role of performers and audiences in a variety

of contexts

9AED

Compositional devices, forms, and structures of

dance

9AED

Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal

worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives

communicated through movement and dance

9AED

Personal and social responsibility associated with

creating, performing, and responding in dance

9AED

Contributions of innovative artists from a variety

of genres, communities, times, and places

9AED

The ethics of cultural appropriation and

plagiarism

9AEDr

Drama provides opportunities to gain insight into

perspectives and experiences of people from a

variety of times, places, and cultures

9AEDr

Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted

through drama experiences

9AEDr

Collaborative drama experiences can build

community and nurture relationships with others

9AEDr

Select and combine dramatic elements and

principles to intentionally create a particular

mood, effect, and meaning

9AEDr

Drama uses a unique sensory language for

creating and communicating

9AEDr

Create dramatic works both collaboratively and

as an individual, using ideas inspired by

imagination, inquiry and purposeful play

9AEDr

Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation

of personal, social, cultural, historical, and

environmental in relation to drama

9AEDr

Explore relationships between identity, place,

culture, society, and belonging through dramatic

experiences

9AEDr

Take creative risks to experience and express

thoughts, emotions and meaning

9AEDr

Develop and refine ideas and technical skills to

improve the quality of performance pieces

9AEDr

Describe, interpret, and evaluate how performers

and playwrights use dramatic structures,

elements, and techniques to create and

communicate ideas.

9AEDr

Receive, offer, and apply constructive feedback

9AEDr

Compose, interpret and expand ideas using

symbolism, imagery and elements

9AEDr

Adapt and apply learned skills, understandings

and processes for use in new contexts and for

different purposes and audiences

9AEDr

Revise, refine, analyze, and document

performance pieces and experiences to enhance

presentation in a variety of ways

9AEDr

Demonstrate respect for themselves, others and

the audience

9AEDr

Reflect on creative processes to make

connections to personal learning and experiences

9AEDr

Collaborate through reciprocal relationships

during creative processes

9AEDr

Drama elements, techniques, and vocabulary, to

create mood and convey ideas, including but not

limited to: character, time, place, plot, tension,

mood, focus, contrast, balance

9AEDr

Create personally meaningful bodies of artistic

works that demonstrate an understanding and

appreciation of social, cultural, environmental

and historical contexts

9AEDr

A variety of drama forms and drama conventions

9AEDr

Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal

worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives

communicated through storytelling and drama

9AEDr

The role of performers and audiences in a variety

of contexts

9AEDr

Contributions of innovative artists from a variety

of genres, communities, times and places

9AEDr

The ethics of cultural appropriation and

plagiarism

9AEDr

Personal and social responsibility associated with

creating, performing, and responding in drama

9AEM

Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted

through music experiences

9AEM

Collaborative music experiences can build

community and nurture relationships with others

9AEM

Music provides opportunities to gain insight into

perspectives and experiences of people from a

variety of times, places and cultures

9AEM

Music uses a unique sensory language for

creating and communicating

9AEM

Demonstrate an understanding of personal,

social, cultural, historical and environmental

contexts through a variety of musical experiences

9AEM

Perform collaboratively in both solo and

ensemble contexts

9AEM

Select and combine musical elements and

techniques to interpret an idea or define style,

creating a particular mood or effect

9AEM

Take musical risks to experience self-growth

9AEM

Develop appropriate musical vocabulary, skills,

and techniques

9AEM

Contribute to create processes through

collaborative and independent musical study

9AEM

Develop, refine, document, and critically appraise

ideas, processes, and technical skills to improve

the quality of musicianship

9AEM

Describe, interpret, and consider how musicians

use techniques, technology, and environments in

composition and performance

9AEM

Receive, offer, and apply constructive feedback

9AEM

Revise, refine, analyze, and document musical

experiences to enhance learning

9AEM

Adapt and apply learned musical skills,

understandings, and techniques for use in new

contexts and for different purposes and

audiences

9AEM

Reflect on musical performance to make

connections to personal learning and experiences

9AEM

Demonstrate respect for themselves, others, and

the audience

9AEM

Take musical risks to experience synchronicity

among ensemble members and their audience

9AEM

Music elements, principles, techniques,

vocabulary, notation, and symbols to define style

and convey ideas, including but not limited to: beat/pulse, metre, duration, rhythm, tempo, pitch, timbre,

dynamics, form, texture

9AEM

The role of performers and audiences in a variety

of contexts

9AEM

Musical interpretation and choices impact

performance

9AEM

Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal

worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives

communicated through song

9AEM

Personal and social responsibility associated with

creating, performing, and responding in music

9AEM

Contributions of innovative musicians and

composers from a variety of genres,

communities, times, and places

9AEM

The ethics of cultural appropriation and

plagiarism

9AEVA

The visual arts provide opportunities to gain

insight into perspectives and experiences of

people from a variety of times, places, and

cultures

9AEVA

Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted

through visual arts experiences

9AEVA

Art experiences can build community and nurture

relationships with others

9AEVA

Create both collaboratively and as an individual,

using ideas inspired by imagination, inquiry , and

purposeful play

9AEVA

The visual arts use a unique sensory language for

creating and communicating

9AEVA

Explore materials, technologies, processes, and

environments by combining and arranging

elements, principles, and image design strategies

9AEVA

Demonstrate active engagement and discipline in

creating works of art and resolving creative

challenges

9AEVA

Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation

of personal, social, cultural, historical, and

environmental contexts

9AEVA

Explore relationships between identity, place,

culture, society, and belonging through artistic

experiences

9AEVA

Describe, interpret, and evaluate how artists use

technologies, processes, materials, and

environments to create and communicate ideas

9AEVA

Select and combine elements and principles of

the arts to intentionally create a particular mood

or meaning

9AEVA

Develop, refine, document, and critically appraise

ideas, processes, and technical skills

9AEVA

Create works of art using materials, technologies,

and processes for different purposes and

audiences

9AEVA

Reflect on their art-making process and

development as artists

9AEVA

Compose, interpret, and expand ideas using

symbolism, metaphor, and design strategies

9AEVA

Present or share personal works of art

9AEVA

Revise, refine, analyze, and document creative

works and experiences

9AEVA

Reflect on works of art and the creative process

to make connections to personal learning and

experiences

9AEVA

Demonstrate respect for themselves, others, and

the audience

9AEVA

Take creative risks to experience and express

thoughts, emotions, and meaning

9AEVA

Collaborate through reciprocal relationships

during the creative process

9AEVA

Visual arts elements, principles, and image design

strategies to create mood and convey ideas, including but

not limited to:

-elements of design: line, shape, space, texture, colour, form, tone

- principles of design: pattern, repetition, balance, contrast, emphasis, rhythm, movement, unity, variety,

proportion, harmony

- image design strategies: elaboration, simplification, magnification, reversal, fragmentation, distortion

9AEVA

Create personally meaningful artistic works that

demonstrate an understanding and appreciation

of social, cultural, environmental, and historical

contexts

9AEVA

Personal narrative as a means of representing

self-perception and identity in artistic works

9AEVA

Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal

worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives as

communicated through visual arts

9AEVA

The roles of artists and audiences in a variety of

contexts

9AEVA

Contributions of innovative artists from a variety

of styles, genres, contexts, and movements

9AEVA

The ethics of cultural appropriation and

plagiarism

9AEVA

Personal and social responsibility associated with

creating, experiencing, and responding to visual

art

9CF

I am capable of expressing myself and having

meaningful conversations in French

9CF

Listening and viewing with intent strengthens our

understanding and acquisition of French

9CF

Stories gives us unique ways to interpret and

share knowledge, thoughts and feelings

9CF

Creative works are an expression of culture

9CF

Acquiring French provides opportunities to

explore our own cultural identity from a new

perspective

9CF

Use a growing variety of strategies to construct

meaning

9CF

Construct meaning from a variety of simple texts

9CF

Seek clarification and provide verification of

meaning through a variety of strategies

9CF

Narrate a story orally or in writing

9CF

Express themselves using complete sentences in past,

present and future timeframes orally and in writing: - Ask and respond to questions on familiar topics

- Exchange information on topics of interest

- Describe a series of events

- Express simples needs in familiar situations

- Express and justify opinions on familiar topics

9CF

Participate in short and simple conversations

9CF

Describe elements of Francophone culture in

various regions

9CF

Identify examples of how Francophone culture is

expressed through creative works

9CF

Describe similarities and differences between the

cultural practices and traditions of their own

family and community and those of various

Francophone cultural communities

9CF

Initiate a variety of connections with

Francophone communities

9CF

Elements of variety of common texts

9CF

Expressions to assist with clarification of meaning

9CF

Common elements of stories

9CF

Vocabulary and structures to ask and respond to

numerous types of questions

9CF

Past, present and future timeframes

9CF

Common vocabulary related to personal interests

9CF

Common vocabulary and structures to provide

descriptions and to express preferences, needs

and opinions

9CF

Common expressions of sequence

9CF

Cultural practices in various Francophone regions

9ELA

Exploring text and story helps us understand

ourselves and make connections to others and to

the world

9ELA

Language and text can be a source of creativity

and joy

9ELA

Exploring and sharing multiple perspectives

extends our thinking

9ELA

Texts are created for different purposes and

audiences

9ELA

Developing our understanding of how language

works allows us to use it purposefully

9ELA

Synthesizing the meaning from different texts

and ideas helps us create new understandings

9ELA

Apply appropriate strategies to comprehend

written, oral, and visual texts, guide inquiry, and

extend thinking

9ELA

Access information and ideas for diverse

purposes and from a variety of sources and

evaluate their relevance, accuracy, and reliability

9ELA

Recognize and appreciate how different forms,

structures, and features of texts reflect different

purposes, audiences, and messages

9ELA

Recognize and identify the role of personal,

social, and cultural contexts, values, and

perspectives in texts

9ELA

Think critically, creatively, and reflectively to

explore ideas within, between, and beyond texts

9ELA

Recognize how language constructs personal,

social, and cultural identity

9ELA

Respond to text in personal, creative, and critical

ways

9ELA

Construct meaningful personal connections

between self, text and world

9ELA

Understand how literary elements, techniques,

and devices enhance and shape meaning

9ELA

Recognize and appreciate the role of story,

narrative, and oral tradition in expressing First

Peoples’ perspectives, values, beliefs, and points

of view

9ELA

Recognize an increasing range of text structures

and how they contribute to meaning

9ELA

Develop an awareness of the diversity within and

across First Peoples’ societies represented in

texts

9ELA

Use writing and design processes to plan,

develop, and create engaging and meaningful

literary and informational texts for a variety of

purposes and audiences

9ELA

Exchange ideas and viewpoints to build shared

understanding and extend thinking

9ELA

Assess and refine texts to improve their clarity,

effectiveness, and impact according to purpose,

audience, and message

9ELA

Story/text - Form, function, and genre of texts

- Features of written texts

- Literary elements

- Literary devices

- Elements of non-fiction texts

- Elements of visual/graphic texts

- Rhetorical devices

- Connotation and denotation

9ELA

Use an increasing repertoire of conventions of

English spelling, grammar, and punctuation

9ELA

Strategies and processes

- Reading strategies

- Oral language strategies

- Metacognitive strategies

- Writing process

9ELA

Language features, structures, and conventions

- Features of oral language

- Language change

- Elements of style

- Usage

- Syntax and sentence fluency

- Conventions

- Presentation techniques

9M

Numeracy helps us to see patterns, communicate

ideas, and solve problems

9M

Numbers can be represented in many forms and

reflect different relationships

9M

Patterns allow us to see relationships and

develop generalizations

9M

We can apply mathematics to inquiry questions

and use it to communicate information and data

9M

Geometry and measurement empower us to

make meaning of the world

9M

Data enables us to draw conclusions and make

predictions in an unstable world

9M

Develop and apply mental math strategies and

estimate amounts and outcomes

9M

Inductively and deductively reason and use logic

to explore, make connections, predict, analyze,

generalize, and make conclusions

9M

Use tools or technology to explore and create

patterns and relationships, and test conjectures

9M

Develop, construct, and apply mathematical

understanding through play, inquiry, and

problem solving

9M

Implement multiple strategies to solve problems

in both abstract and real-life situations using

different cultural perspectives

9M

Engage in problem-solving experiences that are

connected to place, story, and cultural practices

relevant to the local community

9M

Communicate in a variety of ways to explain,

clarify, and justify mathematical ideas

9M

Use mathematical vocabulary and language to

contribute to mathematical discussions

9M

Develop mathematical understanding through

concrete, pictorial, and symbolic representations

9M

Visualize and describe the mathematical concepts

9M

Use technology appropriately to record,

communicate, and represent thinking

9M

Explore, apply, and connect concepts to each

other, to other disciplines, and to the real world

9M

Apply cultural perspectives of First Peoples to the

concepts of locating, measuring, and numbering

9M

Use mathematical arguments to support personal

choices and anticipate consequences

9M

Numerical and spatial reasoning, logic, and

patterns to solve puzzles and games

9M

Types of income (e.g., wages, salary, piece work,

commission)

9M

Operations with polynomials, of degree less than

or equal to two

9M

Operations with rational numbers (addition,

subtraction, multiplication, division, and order of

operations)

9M

Two-variable linear relations, using graphing,

interpolation, and extrapolation

9M

Rational numbers and order of operations

9M

Multi-step one-variable linear equations,

including distribution and rational coefficients,

constants, and solutions

9M

Probability and statistics in society (e.g., sampling

techniques, misleading stats)

9M

Spatial proportional reasoning (e.g., scale

diagrams, similar triangles, linear unit

conversions)

9M

Financial literacy – simple budgets and

transactions (e.g., banking, interest, savings,

planned purchases)

9PHE

Lifelong participation in physical activity has

many benefits and is an essential part of a

healthy lifestyle

9PHE

Daily participation in different types of physical

activity influences our physical literacy and

personal health and fitness

9PHE

Healthy choices influence our physical,

emotional, and mental well-being

9PHE

Advocating for the health and well-being of

others connects us to our community

9PHE

Healthy relationships can help us lead rewarding

and fulfilling lives

9PHE

Develop, refine, and apply fundamental

movement skills in a variety of physical activities

and environments

9PHE

Apply methods of monitoring and adjusting

exertion levels in physical activity

9PHE

Develop and apply a variety of movement

concepts and strategies in different physical

activities

9PHE

Develop and demonstrate safety, fair play, and

leadership in physical activities

9PHE

Participate daily in physical activity designed to

enhance and maintain health components of

fitness

9PHE

Identify and describe preferred types of physical

activity

9PHE

Describe how students’ participation in physical

activities at school, at home, and in the

community can influence their health and fitness

9PHE

Identify factors that influence health messages

from a variety of sources, and analyze their

influence on behaviour

9PHE

Propose healthy choices that support lifelong

health and well-being

9PHE

Identify and apply strategies to pursue personal

healthy-living goals

9PHE

Propose strategies for avoiding and/or

responding to potentially unsafe, abusive, or

exploitive situations

9PHE

Reflect on outcomes of personal healthy-living

goals and assess strategies used

9PHE

Analyze strategies for responding to

discrimination, stereotyping, and bullying

9PHE

Create strategies for promoting the health and

well-being of the school and community

9PHE

Propose strategies for developing and

maintaining healthy relationships

9PHE

Analyze strategies for promoting mental well-

being, for self and others

9PHE

Create and evaluate strategies for managing

physical, emotional, and social changes during

puberty and adolescence

9PHE

Assess and evaluate strategies for managing

problems related to mental well-being and

substance use, for others

9PHE

Explore and describe factors that shape personal

identities, including social and cultural factors

9PHE

Movement concepts and strategies

9PHE

Proper technique for fundamental movement

skills including non-locomotor, locomotor, and

manipulative skills

9PHE

Ways to monitor and adjust physical exertion

levels

9PHE

Training principles to enhance personal fitness

levels, including the FITT principle, SAID principle,

and specificity

9PHE

How to participate in different types of physical

activities, including individual and dual activities,

rhythmic activities, and games

9PHE

Effects of different types of physical activity on

the body

9PHE

Potential short and long-term consequences of

health decisions, including those involving

nutrition, protection from sexually transmitted

infections, and sleep routines

9PHE

Healthy sexual decision making

9PHE

Sources of healthy information

9PHE

Strategies to protect themselves and others from

potential abuse, exploitation, and harm in a

variety of settings

9PHE

Basic principles for responding to emergencies

9PHE

Consequences of bullying, stereotyping, and

discrimination

9PHE

Signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and

depression

9PHE

Physical, emotional, and social aspects of

psychoactive substance use and potentially

addictive behaviours

9PHE

Influences of physical, emotional, and social

changes on identities and relationship

9Sc

The electron arrangement of atoms impacts their

chemical nature

9Sc

Cells are derived from cells

9Sc

Electricity is the flow of electrons

9Sc

Demonstrate a sustained intellectual curiousity

about a scientific topic or problem of personal

interest

9Sc

The biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and

atmosphere are interconnected, as matter cycles

and energy flows through them.

9Sc

Make observations aimed at identifying their own

questions, including increasingly abstract ones,

about the natural world

9Sc

Collaboratively and personally plan, select, and

use appropriate investigation methods, including

field work and lab experiments, to collect reliable

data (qualitative and quantitative)

9Sc

Formulate multiple hypotheses and predict

multiple outcomes

9Sc

Assess risks and address ethical issues associated

with their proposed methods

9Sc

Experience and interpret the local environment

9Sc

Select and use appropriate equipment, including

digital technologies, to systematically and

accurately collect and record data

9Sc

Seek and analyze patterns, trends, and

connections in data, including describing

relationships between variables and identifying

inconsistencies

9Sc

Analyze cause-and-effect relationships

9Sc

Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw

conclusions that are consistent with evidence

9Sc

Evaluate their methods and experimental

conditions, including identifying sources of error

or uncertainty, confounding variables, and

possible alternative explanations and conclusions

9Sc

Evaluate the validity of and limitations of a model

or analogy in relation to the phenomenon

modelled

9Sc

Describe specific ways to improve their

investigation methods and the quality of the data

9Sc

Demonstrate an awareness of assumptions,

question information given, and identify bias in

their own work and secondary sources

9Sc

Exercise a healthy, informed skepticism and use

scientific knowledge and findings to form their

own investigations to evaluate claims in

secondary sources

9Sc

Consider the changes in knowledge over time as

tools and technologies have developed

9Sc

Consider social, ethical, and environmental

implications of the findings from their own and

others’ investigations

9Sc

Contribute to care for self, others, community,

and world through personal or collaborative

approaches

9Sc

Critically analyze the validity of information in

secondary sources and evaluate the approaches

used to solve problems

9Sc

Co-operatively design projects with local and/or

global connections and applications

9Sc

Generate and introduce new or refined ideas

when problem solving

9Sc

Transfer and apply learning to new situations

9Sc

Contribute to finding solutions to problems at a

local and/or global level through inquiry

9Sc

Communicate scientific ideas, information, and perhaps a

suggested course of action for a specific purpose and

audience, constructing evidence-based arguments and

using appropriate scientific language, conventions, and

representations

9Sc

Formulate physical or mental theoretical models

to describe a phenomenon

9Sc

Express and reflect on a variety of experiences,

perspectives and worldviews of place

9Sc

Sexual reproduction:

- meiosis

- human sexual reproduction

9Sc

Asexual reproduction:

- mitosis

- different forms

9Sc

Element properties as organized in the periodic

table

9Sc

Circuits – must be complete for electrons to flow

9Sc

An element’s properties are related to the

arrangement and energy of its electrons and to

its atomic size

9Sc

Voltage, current and resistance

9Sc

Matter cycles within biotic and abiotic

components of ecosystems

9Sc

Effects of solar radiation on the cycling of matter

and energy

9Sc

Sustainability of systems and First Peoples’

principles of interconnectedness

9SS

The physical environment influences the nature

of political, social, and economic change

9SS

Emerging ideas and ideologies profoundly

influence societies and events

9SS

Disparities in power alter the balance of

relationships between individuals and between

societies

9SS

Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to:

ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze

ideas; and communicate findings and decisions

9SS

Collective identity is constructed and can change

over time.

9SS

Assess the significance of people, places, events, and

developments, and compare varying perspectives on their

historical significance at particular times and places, and

from group to group (significance)

9SS

Compare and contrast continuities and changes

for different groups during this time period

(continuity and change)

9SS

Assess the justification for competing historical

accounts after investigating points of contention,

reliability of sources, and adequacy of evidence

(evidence)

9SS

Assess how prevailing conditions and the actions

of individuals or groups affect events, decisions,

and developments (cause and consequence)

9SS

Recognize implicit and explicit ethical judgments

in a variety of sources (ethical judgments)

9SS

Explain different perspectives on past or present

people, places, issues, and events by considering

prevailing norms, values, worldviews and beliefs

(perspective)

9SS

Make reasoned ethical judgments about

controversial actions in the past and present, and

whether we have a responsibility to respond

(ethical judgment)

9SS – 1750 to 1919

The continuing effects of imperialism and

colonialism on indigenous peoples in Canada and

around the world

9SS – 1750 to 1919

Political, social and economic, and technological

revolutions

9SS – 1750 to 1919

Global demographic shifts, including patterns of

migration and population growth

9SS – 1750 to 1919

Local, regional, and global conflicts

9SS – 1750 to 1919

Nationalism and the development of modern

nation-states, including Canada

9SS – 1750 to 1919

Discriminatory policies, attitudes, and historical

wrongs

9SS – 1750 to 1919

Physiographic features of Canada and geological

processes