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The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that...

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The Atomic Model Chem 9
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Page 1: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

The Atomic Model

Chem 9

Page 2: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

The Greek Model

• Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC.

• Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever.

• Eventually, the smallest piece of matter would be found.

• He used the word "Atomos“ meaning indivisible.

Page 3: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

The Dalton Model: Billiard Ball Model• John Dalton - The English chemist that proposed

first Atomic Theory in 1803.

• All elements are composed of indivisible particles. • Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. • Atoms of different elements are different. • Compounds are formed by joining atoms of two or

more elements

Page 4: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

The Thomson Model: Chocolate Chip Cookie Model

Plum Pudding Model

J. J. Thomson 1856 – 1940 – (English scientist)

• discovered negative particle (an Electron) in 1887by using a cathode ray tube

• initially called electrons CORPUSLES

Page 5: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

Robert A. Millikan (1868 – 1953)1900 – mass of Electron

approximately 1/2000 the mass of a Hydrogen atom

1916 -determined the charge carried by an electron

Millikan OIL DROP EXPERIMENT

http://aolsearch.aol.com/aol/imageDetails?invocationType=imageResults&query=image+of+Robert+Millikan&img=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corrosion-doctors.org%2FBiographies%2Fimages%2FMillikan.jpg&site=www.corrosion-doctors.org&host=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corrosion-doctors.org%2FBiographies%2FMillikanBio.htm&b=image%3FinvocationType%3Dwscreen-searchbox%26query%3Dimage%2520of%2520Robert%2520Millikan
http://www.answers.com/topic/simplified-millikan-oil-drop-png
Page 6: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

Eugene Goldstein (1850 -1930)

• 1866 Eugene Goldstein found Positive particle – Protons

• He named them CANAL RAYS

Page 7: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

– Discovered the neutron in

1932

– Has no charge

– Neutron’s mass is close to proton’s mass

electron

neutron

proton

Sir James Chadwick 1891 - 1974

Page 8: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

Ernest Rutherford - British Physicist Gold Foil Experiment

In 1908, proved the atom had a small,

dense, positively charged Nucleus.

He said an atom is mostly empty space and

negative electrons are scattered around the outside edge.

Page 9: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

Niels Bohr (Danish scientist)The Planetary Model - 1913

Bohr proposed:

• Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus, like planets moving around the sun.

• That each electron moves in a specific energy level.

Page 10: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

Quantum Mechanical Model Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961)

-Electrons have NO definite path in an atom.

-Only a probable location is known based on how much energy it has.

-Atomic orbitals (s,p,d,f) are NOT fixed paths as Bohr suggested

Page 11: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.
Page 12: The Atomic Model Chem 9. The Greek Model Democritus - A Greek Philosopher, 400 BC. Concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller.

Summary

• Dalton : Solid Sphere

• Thomson : Pos. & neg mixed together

• Rutherford: Positive nucleus, neg electrons surrounding it

• Bohr: Positive nucleus, neg electrons in exact orbits

• Quantum Mechanical Theory– (Electron cloud theory)


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