The Austral RealmJennifer Reaves

Fall 2013GEOG 200

Two regions within the Austral Realm Australia New Zealand

Australia

Location of Australia In between the Indian Ocean and South Pacific

Ocean Consists of:

7,617,930 sq. km of land 68,920 sq. km of water 25,760 km of coastline

Slightly smaller than the United States

Climate of Australia

temperate in south and southeast

tropical in north Desert in the middle Subtropical in the

southwest and east

Regions within Australia

Western Australia Northern Territory Queensland New South Wales Victoria South Australia

The Shield in Australia

Also called the Great Western Plateau Covers 2/3 of the Continent Averages about 300 meters about sea level Consists mainly of granite and basalt rock

materials

The Highlands in Australia Mountains that run along the east and

southeast coast line About 2,400 miles long Highest peak names Mt. Kosciusko,

7,316 ft. high Covered in forests called Eucalyptus Southern parts are popular winter

resorts due to the : Australian Alps, Blue Mountains, and the New

England Rage

Eastern Highlands

Australian Alps

Natural resources in Australia

Bauxite

Coal (most of Australia's coal is located here)

Gold Copper Tin Oil Natural Gasses Iron ore

Silver Uranium Nickel Tungsten Mineral sands Lead Zinc Diamonds Petroleum

Population in Australia

22.68 million people in 2012 More than 11,400,000 males More than 11,500,000 females 76% of population were actually born there Other 24% are immigrants

Population Density-2.47 people per sq. km. 

Accounts for other 24 percent of immigration from other places:

UK AND IRELAND: 6.35% NEW ZEALAND:1.7% ITALY: 1.32% CHINA: .95% VIETNAM: 0.91% YOUGOSLAVIA: 0.82% GREECE: 0.71% GERMANY: 0.65% AMERICA: 0.59% PHILLIPINES: 0.56% NETHERLANDS: 0.51% MALAYSIA- 0.48% INDIA- 0.46% SOUTH AFRICA- 0.36% OTHER EUROPEAN- 4.28% OTHER ASIAIN- 2.63%

Age ranges in Australia

0-14 years 21.6% 15-24 years 14.5% 25-44 years 30.8% 45-64 years 21% 65 and older 12.1%

Population by Christian religion:

Roman Catholic 27.0 Anglican 22.0 Uniting Church 7.5 Presbyterian & Reformed 3.8 Orthadox 2.8 Baptist 1.7 Lutheran 1.4 Pentacostal 1.0 Jehovah's Witness 0.5 Church of Christ 0.4 Salvation army 0.4 Other 2.4

Population by Non-Christian religion:

Islamic 1.1 Buddhist 1.1 Jewish 0.4 Hindu 0.4 Other 0.4 No religion 16.6 Not stated 9.1

Ethnic group example within a school

Political leaders in the Parliaments in Australia

Current Australian Heads of Government & Opposition Leaders – from Oct 13, 2013

Jurisdiction PM/Premier/Chief Minister Party Since Opposition Leader Party Since

AUSTRALIA Tony Abbott Liberal 18-09-13 Bill Shorten ALP 13-10-13

Victoria Denis Napthine Liberal 06-03-13 Daniel Andrews ALP 03-12-10

New South Wales Barry O’Farrell Liberal 28-03-11 John Robertson ALP 31-03-11

Queensland Campbell Newman LNP 26-03-12 Annastacia Palaszczuk ALP 28-03-12

Tasmania Lara Giddings ALP 24-01-11 Will Hodgman Liberal 30-03-06

South Australia Jay Weatherill ALP 21-10-11 Steven Marshall Liberal 04-02-13

Western Australia Colin Barnett Liberal 23-09-08 Mark McGowan ALP 23-01-12

Northern Territory Adam Giles Country Liberal 14-03-13 Delia Lawrie ALP 28-08-12

Australian Capital Territory Katy Gallagher ALP 16-05-11 Jeremy Hanson Liberal 11-02-13

Economy of Australia

Depends primarily on exporting their resources Tourism contributes to 5% Consistent economic growth Low unemployment rates Driven by

China and India. Increasing living standards However, both

are slowing down which is not good for

Australia. Because of resources coming to a limited supply, economy will

have to depend on manufacturing, retail, and tourism.

Health issues caused by insect bites: Common diseases transmitted by mosquitos

Ross River arthritis-like symptoms Barmah Forest virus Kunjin virus -> causes headaches and fever. Murray Valley encephalitis -> cause permanent neurological lesions or even lead to death. Dengue fever (endempic) -> fever, headache, muscle as well as joint pain, nausea and, in

severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations

HIGHLY ADVISED TO TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT BUG BITES.

Health issues caused from food, water, or through the environment: Cancer- sun and heat Melioidosis- caused from bacteria in mud and water

Flu-like symptoms Leptospirosis- bacteria in food, water, and soil when massive flooding

happens Symptoms include: fever, headache, nausea and sometimes even death

Health issues related to contact between people: HIV and AIDS

In 2010 1,031 new cases among men and women of ages 13 and older

Many other sexually transmitted diseases are skyrocketing

New Zealand

Location of New Zealand In Oceania Continent Between Tasman Sea and Pacific Ocean Neighboring countries are:

Australia Fiji Tonga Norfolk Island

North island has about 44,281 sq mi South Island has about 58,093 sq mi Other inhabited islands include: Stewart Island, the Chatham Islands, and

Great Barrier Island The Uninhabited outlying islands are the: Auckland Islands, Campbell Island,

the Antipodes Islands, and the Kermadec Islands

Which totals out to be about 103,734 sq mi.

Climate in New Zealand

Warm subtropical in far north Cool temperatures in far south Severe alpine conditions in the mountainous areas West coast of the south island is wettest East of the mountains is the driest North and central areas of New Zealand more rain in winter than

summer Southern part is just the opposite- rain in the summer Coldest month is July and warmest is January High amounts of Sun light –averaging 2,000 hours annually

Rainfall

Temperature1*C = 33.8*F

Sunshine

15 major regions in the north island Northland Auckland Coromandel Bay of Plenty Waikato Rotorua Eastland Taupo Ruapehu Taranaki Hawke’s Bay Wanganui Manawatu Wairarapa Wellington

10 Regions in south island

Nelson Marlborough West Coast Christchurch-Canterbury Dunedin- Coastal Otago Lake Wanaka Queenstown Central Otago Fiordland Southland

Natural resources in New Zealand natural gas iron ore Sand Coal Timber Hydropower Gold limestone

Population in New Zealand

4,488,708 people in 2013 Population Density- 16.2 per sq. km.

Population and Immigration in New

ZealandFormer nationality persons PercentUnited Kingdom 20,478 16.6India 19,217 15.6Philippines 9,090 7.4China 8,979 7.3South Africa 7,900 6.4New Zealand 3,794 3.1Sri Lanka 2,746 2.2Iraq 2,739 2.2Vietnam 2,568 2.1Pakistan 2,100 1.7Other 43,827 35.5Total 123,438 100.0

Male and Female percentages of ages

Population by Christian religion

Christianity most common Anglican- 22% Presbyterian-16% Roman Catholic- 15%

Population by non Christian religion

Non-religious people and Athiests-21% Judaism, Buddhism, Islam account for the rest.

Ethnicity in New Zealand

European- 56.8% Asian- 8% Maori- 7.4% Pacific islander- 4.6% Mixed- 9.7% Other- 13.5%

Political leaders Governor Gen. Jeremiah MATEPARAE Prime Min. John Phillip KEY Dep. Prime Min. Simon William ENGLISH Min. for the Accident Compensation Corporation Judith COLLINS Min. for Arts, Culture, & Heritage Christopher FINLAYSON Min. of Broadcasting Craig FOSS Min. for Building & Construction Maurice Donald WILLIAMSON Min. for Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Gerry BROWNLEE Min. of Civil Defense Chris TREMAIN Min. for Climate Change Issues Timothy John GROSER Min. of Commerce Craig FOSS Min. for Communications & Information Technology Amy ADAMS Min. for the Community & Voluntary Sector Jo GOODHEW Min. of Conservation Kate WILKINSON Min. of Consumer Affairs Simon BRIDGES Min. of Corrections Anne TOLLEY Min. for Courts Chester BORROWS Min. of Customs Maurice Donald WILLIAMSON Min. of Defense Jonathan David COLEMAN

Political leaders cont. Dr. Min. for Disability Issues Tarianna

TURIA Min. for Economic Development

Steven JOYCE Min. of Education Hekia PARATA Min. of Energy & Resources Phil

HEATLEY Min. for the Environment Amy

ADAMS Min. for Ethnic Affairs Judith

COLLINS Min. of Finance Simon William

ENGLISH Min. for Food Safety Kate

WILKINSON Min. of Foreign Affairs Murray Stuart

MCCULLY Min. of Health Tony RYALL Min. of Housing Phil HEATLEY Min. of Science & InnovationSteven

JOYCE

Min. of Immigration Nathan GUY Min. of Internal Affairs Chris TREMAIN Min. of Justice Judith COLLINS Min. of

Labor Kate WILKINSON Min. for Land Information Maurice

Donald WILLIAMSON Min. of Local Govt. David CARTER Min. of Maori Affairs Pita SHARPLES Min. of Pacific Island Affairs Hekia

PARATA Min. of Police Anne TOLLEY Min. for Primary Industries David

CARTER Min. for Racing Nathan GUY Min. for Regulatory Reform John

BANKS Min. of Revenue Peter DUNNE Min. Responsible for Whanau Ora

Tariana TURIA

Political leaders cont. Min. for Senior Citizens Jo

GOODHEW Min. for Small Business John

BANKS Min. for Social Development

Paula BENNETT Min. of Sport & Recreation

Murray Stuart MCCULLY Min. of State Services Jonathan

David COLEMAN, Dr. Min. for State-Owned

Enterprises Tony RYALL Min. of Statistics Maurice

Donald WILLIAMSON Min. for Tertiary Education, Skills, &

Employment Steven JOYCE

Min. of Tourism John Phillip KEY Min. of Trade Timothy John

GROSER Min. of Transport Gerry

BROWNLEE Min. for Treaty of Waitangi

Negotiations Christopher FINLAYSON

Min. of Veterans Affairs Nathan GUY

Min. of Women's Affairs Jo GOODHEW

Min. of Youth Affairs Paula BENNETT

Attorney Gen. Christopher FINLAYSON

Governor, Reserve Bank of New Zealand Alan Esmond BOLLARD

Ambassador to the US Michael Kenneth MOORE

Permanent Representative to the UN, New York James Kenneth MCLAY

Economy of New Zealand

Trading, manufacturing, farming, exports, and tourism makes New Zealand successful

Health issues in New Zealand Antibiotic resistance Cancer programme Cardiovascular disease Diabetes E. sakazakii Hepatitis C HIV and AIDS Influenza Measles Meningococcal Notifiable diseases Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Obesity Rheumatic fever Tuberculosis Yellow fever

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