PREPARING FOR THE BABYS ARRIVAL Maternity leave time off from a
job allowing a woman to give birth, recuperate, and care for her
new baby. Paternity leave time off from a job allowing a father to
care for his new baby.
Slide 3
BREAST FEEDING VS. BOTTLE FEEDING Formula A mixture of milk or
milk substitutes, water, and essential nutrients. Write a
persuasive paper explaining to soon to be mothers the advantages
and disadvantages of breast-feeding or bottle feeding. Your goal is
to persuade a new mother to use one or the other based on what you
think is best.
Slide 4
Disposable diapers or cloth Diaper pins Waterproof pants for
cloth diapers Washcloths Diaper rash ointment Cover diaper pail
Basket or hamper Wipes 6-8 undershirts 4-6 one-piece footed
sleepers 4-6 gowns 6 cotton receiving blankets 1 warm outer
wrapping blanket 1 sweater and cap set 1 dress-up outfit Coat and
mittens Large bottles Cleaning brush Breast pump and padsBibs
Plastic bottles for storing milkHigh chair Small bottles for water
or juice Nipples and Bottle caps Fitted crib sheet Waterproof
mattress Absorbent pads Heavier crib blanket Bumper pads Storage
space Wastebasket Bathtub or containerCotton balls Mild, pure
soapNail scissors Baby shampoothermometer Soft washclothsComb Soft
bath towels Baby oil and lotion Car seat Tote bag Stroller,
carriage, or infant carrier
Slide 5
MAKING A BUDGET A spending plan Fixed expenses the costs of
items that cannot be changed, such as rent, mortgage payment,
taxes, insurance payments, and loan payments. Flexible expenses
costs for items over which people have some control and which can
be cut back if necessary. Added expenses medical expenses will be
covered by insurance, income lost if one of the parents plans to
take time off from a paying job.
Slide 6
PREPARED CHILDBIRTH Prepared childbirth a method of giving
birth in which pain is reduced through the elimination of fear and
the use of special conditioning exercises. Labor the process by
which the baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to
be born. Delivery the birth itself.
Slide 7
WHO WILL DELIVER THE BABY? Obstetricians Doctors who specialize
in prenatal and postnatal care of the mother and baby. Family
Doctors General practice doctors, deliver babies and provide
prenatal and postnatal care. Licensed midwives Nurse-midwife a
registered nurse with advanced training in the care of normal,
uncomplicated pregnancy and birth. Lay-midwife a person who has
special training in the care of pregnant women and uncomplicated
deliveries but does not have a nursing degree.
Slide 8
CHILDBIRTH OPTIONS Places Home Unexpected problems may arise
Midwife usually present Hospital Usually spend 2 to 3 days in the
hospital after a routine delivery, or up to one week if there are
complications. Many staff available High tech equipment if a
problem should happen. May offer several types of services
Insurance only pays for two days of hospital stay. Can be very
expensive Alternative Birth Center A facility that provides a more
homelike environment for labor and delivery. Emphasize natural
childbirth, and do not offer pain medications Water birth option
Family and friends are welcome Midwives generally handle births in
the centers. Most only accept mothers with a low risk of
complications. Charge less than hospitals
Slide 9
HISTORY OF DELIVERY
Slide 10
EARLY 1647 Forceps developed many babies died in the early
years of their use Before 19th century was uneventful - life went
on as normal no pain relief Mid 19th century women feared
childbirth - painful or even fatal higher social status less
children you had 1800 Chloroform was used to relieve women of any
pain it was harmful and even fatal to mother and baby
Slide 11
MID 1882 First successful Cesarean delivery death rate remained
high until 20th century 1898: German doctor August Bier injected
cocaine into his assistants spinal column (the forerunner of the
modern day epidural). It numbed the fellows lower body, but the
next morning he woke with horrible vomiting and headaches. 1900
Middle class women would be confined until well after the baby was
born Introduction of Maternity clothes (Lane Bryant)
Slide 12
1920 TWILIGHT LABOR mmorphine and scopolamine (general
anesthetic) ((These drugs proved to be harmful to baby and mother)
UUse of stirrups to prevent any tearing or ripping TThe medical
profession won stronger licensing laws and helped shape the medical
system so that its structure supported, rather than undermined,
professional dominion. DDr. Joseph DeLee proposed that childbirth
is a pathological process. ssedate women at the beginning of labor,
allow the cervix to dilate, give ether during the pushing stage,
cut an episiotomy, deliver the baby with forceps, extract the
placenta, give medications for the uterus to contract, and repair
the episiotomy
Slide 13
1930S 1930: The American Board of Obstetricians and Gynecology
was established.
Slide 14
1950S 1950 Use of drugs in assisted childbirth becomes
popular
Slide 15
1960S 1965: On July 30 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed
into effect Medicaid and Medicare. 1968: Continuous electronic
fetal monitoring was introduced, only used on 510 percent of women,
those considered high risk.
Slide 16
1970S 1970 Natural childbirth is newly popular Midwife becomes
popular
Slide 17
1980S 1980 Back toward hospital births Late 1980s: Hospitals
introduced LDR rooms (Labor, Delivery and Recovery rooms, where you
labored, gave birth in, and recovered all in the same room rather
than moving to different rooms for each of those stages).
Slide 18
2000S 2006: 22 percent of women have their labors induced.
2008: 33 percent Cesarean rate. An average 80 percent of women
elect for an epidural for vaginal delivery.
www.birthologie.com/pregnancy/the-history-of-childbirth/
Slide 19
THE BIRTH PROCESS
Slide 20
THE BEGINNING OF LABOR One sign that labor is approaching
occurs when the baby settles deep into the mothers pelvis,
preparing for their journey into the world. Settling is often
called lightening. Bloody show Losing the mucus plug. The
cervix(lower part of the uterus) serves as a kind of door, it is
closed and sealed with a mucus. It helps prevent bacteria from
moving up and causing an infection. As the body prepares the mucus
begins to liquefy. Water breaks A trickle or gush of warm fluid
from the vagina. The membrane holding the amniotic fluid
surrounding the baby has broken. For most women the membrane does
not rupture until at the hospital. Contractions The tightening and
releasing of the uterine muscle. Over time, they get longer,
stronger, and closer together.
Slide 21
STAGES OF LABOR 1 st stage Dilation of the Cervix contraction
open the cervix 2 nd stage Delivery of the Baby the baby is born. 3
rd stage Delivery of the Placenta the placenta is expelled.
Slide 22
1 ST STAGE Each time the uterus contracts during this stage,
the muscles gently pull up on the cervix, slowly thinning and
opening it unit it is wide enough for the babys head to slip out.
The cervix dilates, or widens, to form an opening about 4 inches
din diameter and becomes as thin as a sheet of paper(effacement).
Contractions get longer Cervix opens, baby moves to lower pelvis.
Most cases baby should be head down, if feet or butt is first it is
called breech, these babies may have trouble moving pelvis. Fear
and tension can cause the labor to slow down and make it more
uncomfortable. End of the stage contractions become very strong,
last for up to 90 seconds and occur about 2 to 3 minutes apart.
Cervix is fully dilated to 4 inches or 10cm.
Slide 23
2 ND STAGE Babys head has slipped out of the uterus into the
vagina. Contractions now work to move the baby down. Can be as
short as three minutes or as long as 3 hours. Bones of the pelvis
are joined together by ligaments, allowing it stretch open. The
babys skull is soft and flexible. So it becomes longer and narrower
than normal. If the mothers cervix does not open enough, there is a
procedure to assist in the delivery. A surgical incision called an
episiotomy. This will prevent tearing of the womans tissue. Forceps
specialized tongs made from band of surgical steel that are molded
to fit the shape of a babys head.
Slide 24
As the head emerges entirely (left) the physician turns the
babys shoulders (right), which emerge one at a time with the next
contractions. The rest of the body then slides out relatively
easily, and the umbilical cord is sealed and cut.
Slide 25
3 RD - STAGE The placenta Lasts for 2 minutes or half an hour.
Contractions help the placenta separate from the wall of the
uterus. The placenta is soft and comes away easily. The birth
process is complete after the placenta.
Slide 26
OTHER TYPES OF DELIVERY Cesarean section: a small incision made
in the lower abdomen and uterus where the baby is delivered
Epidural:a type of block used to deaden pain during labor and
delivery mom can still push and participate in the labor Natural
childbirth: no medications, relax the body by using breathing
techniques Leboyer method: gentle childbirth reduce the pain and
shock of delivery quiet delivery room, dim lights, soft music
playing Crouching method: squatting down and letting gravity help
deliver the baby. less chance of tearing used in more primitive
societies Birth in water: becoming more popular water helps mom
relax and softens the shock of deliver for mom Home delivery:still
common use of midwife to help deliver the baby mom can be relaxed
because she is at home with her family only to be used for low risk
pregnancies
Slide 27
Prolapsed cord Poor presentation Mother too small Baby too big
Placenta praevia Placenta abruption Fetal distress Mother or child
cannot tolerate labor STDs Previous C-section Toxemia
Slide 28
CESAREAN BIRTHS About 22% of children born in the US are by
C-section. Names after Julius Caesar. Why have a C-section Mothers
pelvis is too small Baby or mother at medical risk Babys head is
too large Baby is in an incorrect position Previous C-section scars
could rupture
Slide 29
Most women prefer some kind of anesthesia. Natural
(unmedicated) childbirth is becoming more popular because the
anesthesia can make the newborn baby less alert after birth. An
epidural is given in the spinal sheath and deadens the patient from
the waist down. A saddle block deadens the area where you ride a
saddle. A paracervical block, also known as a cervical block
deadens the cervix. A pudendal block is given in the pudendal nerve
and will numb the whole bottom and legs. The cervix must dilate to
some degree before any anesthesia is given. For this reason, a
mother needs to learn some breathing and relaxation
techniques.
Slide 30
THE NEWBORN AT BIRTH The babys lungs are filled with fluid. The
pressure of being squeezed down the birth canal forces much of the
fluid out. When the baby finally emerges, the pressure is released
and the babys lungs automatically expand. Taking their first
breath. The umbilical cord is cut; within a few minutes the cord
stops pulsing and begins to shrink. It is clamped, tied, and cut
off. Newborns have a unique appearance. Heads are large and wobbly,
accounts for of entire length. May be lopsided or pointed from the
passage. Fontanels open space where the bones of the babys skull
have not yet permanently joined. soft spot Fat cheeks; a short,
flat nose; and a receding chin. Eyes are nearly adult-sized.
Usually dark grayish-blue the permanent eye color becomes apparent
within several months. Dusky color, improves after breathing. Babys
are covered in a rich, creamy substance called vernix. Many babies
have tiny white bumps scattered over their nose and cheeks, called
milia or baby acne. Will disappear in a week or two.
Slide 31
EXAMINING THE NEWBORN Apgar Scale, a method of evaluating a
newborns physical condition. the infant is given a rating from 0 to
2 in each of these five areas: Pulse Breathing Muscle tone Reflex
to stimulation Skin color A total score of 6 to 10 is considered
normal. A lower score is a sign that the baby needs special
attention. Usually given one minute after birth and then again at
five minutes after birth. With in 60 minutes of delivery,
antiseptic ointment are put into the babys eyes to guard against
infection. The baby is weighed, measured, and cleaned up. A
permanent copy of the babys footprint. Identification bands
Slide 32
THE POSTNATAL PERIOD
Slide 33
BONDING AND ATTACHMENT Bonding the process of forming lifelong
emotional ties. Breast-feeding: the first breast milk, is called
colostrum. It is easy for the newborn to digest and rich in
antibodies to protect against disease. Sometimes thick in
consistency; it may be clear or yellow in color.
Slide 34
BIRTH CERTIFICATE Issued free of charge after the baby is born.
Simple process, fill out the form provided by the hospital.
Considered the most important piece of personal identification
anyone has.
Slide 35
PREMATURE BABIES Born before prenatal development is complete.
Weight is less than 5 pounds or born before 36 weeks. Occurs
between 8 & 10% of all pregnancies Usually placed in an
incubator a special enclosed crib in which the oxygen supply,
temperature and humidity can be closely controlled. Heart and lungs
are electronically monitored. They may have health problems because
their organs did not have enough time to develop, more likely to
have jaundice and breathing problems. Jaundice - a yellow color of
the skin, mucus membranes, or eyes. The yellow coloring comes from
bilirubin, a byproduct of old red blood cells. Jaundice can be a
symptom of other health problems.
Slide 36
POSTNATAL CARE Postpartum Care the care mother receives during
the six to eight weeks following the birth. On average a women
loses 11 pounds during birth and another 7 pounds during the few
weeks after birth. Physical Needs Rest Exercise Nutrition Medical
checkup Postpartum Mood Disorders very common affecting 15 to 25%
of all people. Emotions Stress baby blues unsure why they occur but
are very common. A mild postpartum mood disorder. Postpartum
depression serious for of depression. Try to take some time away
from the baby for short periods
Slide 37
A NEW FAMILY MEMBER
Slide 38
THE AMAZING NEWBORN Reflexes Instinctive, automatic responses,
such as sneezing and yawning. Three of a newborns temporary
reflexes are the rooting reflex, the grasp reflex, and the startle
reflex. Rooting Automatic response, when touched on lips or cheek,
of turning toward the touch and beginning to suck. Helps baby find
food Grasp Automatic response of a newborns hand to close over
anything that comes in contact with the palm. At 3 months the baby
beings to reach for objects. Startle Automatic physical response
legs thrown up, fingers spread, arms extended and then brought
rapidly back to the midline while the fingers close in a grasping
action to a loud noise or to a touch on the stomach.
Slide 39
CARE FOR NEWBORNS What do babies need? Food- crying is the most
effective way for a newborn to signal hunger. They want food
immediately and it is important to give it to them. This helps
babies learn to trust the world. Sleep wake at night between one
and three times for feeding. A newborn sleeps on average of 15
hours a day, typically in six to eight separate periods. Exercise
waving their arms and legs, this helps their muscles and nervous
system develop. Safe, clean and warm diapering and bathing,
watchful eye while awake, keep harmful objects away. Medical care
Things to look at, touch, listen to, and play with stimulating
surroundings to help them learn. Love
Slide 40
WHAT DO PARENTS NEED? Knowledge of how to care for an infant.
Resources to turn to for answers to their questions. Information
about normal occurrences and emotions they experience Time to fill
their many roles Emotional support Financial planning Reassurance
and confidence Agreement about parenting and household
responsibilities Personal health, rest, nutrition Privacy and time
alone.
Slide 41
UNDERSTANDING BABY LANGUAGE Hunger is the #1 reason babies cry.
Hot or cold Lying in an uncomfortable position Fatigue Loneliness
No reason at all
Slide 42
EARLY TEMPERAMENT Temperament style of reacting to the world
and of relating to others. Be sensitive to the babys own style,
babys also learn to adapt to a parents style.