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The basic study of the The basic study of the kinetics of black liquor kinetics of black liquor
gasificationgasification
Joko WintokoJoko Wintoko
Department of Forest Product and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Forest Product and Chemical Engineering
Chalmers University of TechnologyChalmers University of Technology
The aimThe aim
To study the kinetics of black liquor To study the kinetics of black liquor gasificationgasification
Plan of the researchPlan of the research
Literature review (ongoing)Literature review (ongoing) Construction of equipment (soon Construction of equipment (soon
finish)finish) Mathematical modeling (ongoing)Mathematical modeling (ongoing) Experimental work (expected start in Experimental work (expected start in
this spring)this spring)
Literature reviewLiterature review
Focusing on:Focusing on:
Phenomena occurs during the black liquor Phenomena occurs during the black liquor combustion/gasificationcombustion/gasification
Mathematical modelsMathematical models
Literature reviewLiterature review
Former model:Former model: Jim FrederickJim Frederick VerrillVerrill & & WesselWessel SaastamoinenSaastamoinen
Forward
Modeling by Jim FrederickModeling by Jim Frederick
Aim: to develop computational model for predicting the Aim: to develop computational model for predicting the combustion times for black liquor droplets in a recovery combustion times for black liquor droplets in a recovery furnace environmentfurnace environment
The controlling resistance is identified by calculating Biot The controlling resistance is identified by calculating Biot number for heat transfer and mass transfer.number for heat transfer and mass transfer.
transferrateexternal
transferrateernalBi
int
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Modeling by Verrill & WesselModeling by Verrill & Wessel
Application of modeling result to study the laboratory data: Application of modeling result to study the laboratory data: sodium loss during black liquor drying and devolatilizationsodium loss during black liquor drying and devolatilization Amount and composition of fumeAmount and composition of fume
The vapor/gas flow inside the droplet is modeled as flow of The vapor/gas flow inside the droplet is modeled as flow of fluids through porous media.fluids through porous media.
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Modeling by SaastamoinenModeling by Saastamoinen
Aim: calculating the drying, devolatilization and swelling of Aim: calculating the drying, devolatilization and swelling of a black liquor dropleta black liquor droplet
The drying, devolatilization, and swelling is modeled as a The drying, devolatilization, and swelling is modeled as a subsequent process locally. However inside the droplet subsequent process locally. However inside the droplet those two process take place simultaneously.those two process take place simultaneously.
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Literature reviewLiterature review
Kinetics data:Kinetics data: Gasification with CO2Gasification with CO2 Gasification with steam Gasification with steam
Literature reviewLiterature review
Swelling no kineticsSwelling no kinetics Kinetics no swellingKinetics no swelling
Only one studying kinetics + swellingOnly one studying kinetics + swelling
ModelingModeling
DryingDrying
Assumptions: Water evaporation takes
place only on the droplet surface.
Heat transfer inside the droplet is only due to conduction.
Mass transfer inside the droplet is only due to diffusion
nitrogen gas flow
water evaporation
black liquor droplet
ModelingModeling
Result of modeling & Result of modeling & comparing with the data comparing with the data from literaturefrom literature
EquipmentEquipment
CO2 & COAnalyzer
CH4 & SO2
Analyzer
H2S analyzer
FURNACE
FC
Balance
Power regulator
Data logger for temperature measurement
N2 purging
Video camera
Gas
Gas cooler