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Land in Question• Under the articles of the Confederation the
government couldn’t tax
• So it sold land to make money
Land Ordinance of 1785
• Established a procedure for surveying and selling land north of the Ohio River (page 182)
• What territory did this Ordinance pave the way to settle?
Northwest Territory
Where was this land that was being purchased?
• In the Northwest Territory
• Land west of the Appalachian Mts and east of the Mississippi River
What was the only problem with this Ordinance?
• The land in question was already occupied by the Native Americans.
• The Native American tribes were told by the British after the French and Indian War that they had sovereign rights to this land.
• They were also told that whites would not settle there.
• The Ordinance of 1765 had stated this in writing
There was only one problem
• America didn’t recognize and follow laws made by the British
• So according the Americans the Ordinance of 1765 wasn’t valid and didn’t have to be followed
What conflict did Ordinance this create?
• The conflict was over land
• Settlers ignored treaties and moved into land promised to Indians
• Fighting broke out between the two
Washington responded by;
• Saying ‘in peace if I can, and to be prepared for war if I can not”
• Sends General St. Clair to restore order in the Northwest territories
Battle outside Fort Recovery
• St. Clair and his 2000 troops are defeated by Little Turtle
• 600 US American Troops die by the Wabash River one of heaviest loses by US forces ever against Indians
• Little Turtle Defeated General Harmer and his 1600 forces months before
Indians were encouraged by British, especially the governor of Canada, to
attack American settlements
• Wabash River
The Native Americans thought that the British would have their backs if they attacked the Americans. They
were wrong
General Wayne defeats Blue Jacket
• Blue Jacket, Chief of the Shawnee, was defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Wayne uses his knowledge of Indian customs to defeat Miami and Shawnee
• Aware that Native American warriors fasted before a battle, Wayne spread rumors that he was going to attack on August 17th then delayed the battle for several days. Weak with hunger after fasting for 4 days Blue Jacket’s warriors were defeated
Predicting the Future
• Little Turtle realizing that the British were not going to aide him decides to negotiate
with the Americans
• Native Americans gave up most of their land in Ohio and moved further west
• America government would make sure they wouldn’t trespass on the native American land.
• Native Americans had sovereign rights over their new land