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The Big Three Monotheistic Religions
Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Judaism
• OLDEST of the “Big” 3. Began 3500 years ago!!!!• Began in Southwest Asia• Practiced today mostly in Israel and pockets in the US and Europe• Considered an Ethnic Religion
Judaism: God
• Believe in ONE God (Monotheistic)• The God of Abraham• Called Adonai in Hebrew
Judaism: Holy Book & Language
• TeNaKh (in 3 parts)• Torah is the most important part
• The law of God
• Hebrew is the sacred language
Judaism: Key Beliefs
• Moses is Judaism’s most important prophet (teacher spoken to by God)
• Lie a good life according to the rules of the Torah
• Pass on Jewish traditions to one’s family
Judaism: Practices, Rituals and Holidays• Keep the Sabbath Holy• Family meal-breaking bread and
sharing wine• Fast during Yom Kippur (day of
atonement)• Give to the needy• Kosher food-no pork, shellfish,
or meat prepared with dairy
Judaism: Building, Leader and Day of Worship• Synagogue• Rabbi• Friday evening to Saturday
Evening
Judaism: Sects
Orthodox
Conservative
Reformed
Judaism: Holy Site in Jerusalem
• Wailing Wall
Christianity: God
• Believe in One God (monotheistic)• God of Abraham• Called Yahweh
• Practiced today all over the world
Christianity: Holy Book and Sacred Language• Bible ( 2 parts)
• Old Testament• New Testament
• No real sacred language, though most historic texts are written in Latin or Greek.
Christianity: Key Beliefs
• Based on the life and teaching of Jesus Christ
• Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit
• Jesus was both Human and Divine
• Christ died on the Cross, was buried and rose 3 days later
• Ascended into Heaven• Salvation: Heaven
Christianity: Practices, Rituals, & Holidays• Baptism: initiation into the faith• Communion: represents Jesus’
last supper before death• Christmas: Christ’s birth• Easter: Christ’s death and
ressurection
Christianity: Building, Leader, & Day of Worship• - Churches• - Priests, pastors, ministers• - Sunday worship services
Christianity: Sects
Roman Catholic- Orthodox- Protestant- All believe Jerusalem is the holiest city - (Christ died and rose)
Jerusalem Holy Site
• Church of the Holy Sepulcher
Islam
• Fastest growing world religion• Youngest of the monotheistic religions
God
• Believe in one God• - The God of Abraham• - Called Allah in Arabic
Holy Book: Parts & Sacred Language
• - Koran (Qur’an)• - Contains revelations God made to Muhammad• - Arabic is the sacred language• - Believers called Muslims
Key Beliefs
- Based on the teachings of Muhammad- Born in Mecca (holiest city and center of Islam)- Believe he was the final prophet- Live according to God’s guidance rewarded with salvation- Believe Moses and Jesus were prophets, but Jesus not divine
Practices, Rituals, & Holidays
• - “Five pillars”• - Declaration of faith• - Pray 5 times a day• - Almsgiving (charity)• - Fasting during Ramadan• - Pilgrimage to Mecca
• - Dietary laws: no pork or alcohol
Building, Leader, Day of Worship
• - Mosque• - Imam (prayer leader)• - Friday noon prayers are most
important
Sects
• - Sunni• - Shi’ite• - Differ over leadership in the
Muslim community
Holy Site in Jerusalem
• Dome of the Rock• Mostly found in SW Asia and
Central Asia