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Neural CommunicationNeurotransmitter molecule
Receiving cellmembrane
Receptor site onreceiving neuron
Agonist mimicsNeurotransmittereffects
AntagonistblocksNeurotransmittereffects
CNS: Forebrain
Telencephalon Limbic System Cerebrum
Diencephalon Thalamus &
Hypothalamus
Corpus callosum
The Nervous System
Central(brain and
spinal cord)
Nervoussystem
Autonomic (controlsself-regulated action of
internal organs and glands)
Skeletal (controlsvoluntary movements of
skeletal muscles)
Sympathetic (arousing)
Parasympathetic (calming)
Peripheral
The Digestive System Disorders
Peptic Ulcers sores usually in the duodenum
Hepatitis Viral inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis Cancer
The Respiratory System Mechanical action: moving air in and out of the
lungs
Gas Exchange: respiration - in the alveoli, CO2 (toxic gas) is eliminated and O2 enters the blood stream
Protective mechanisms: sneezing, cough, mucous production
Impaired function: Asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer
The Cardiovascular SystemBlood transport of nutrients and waste removal from
tissues. Chemicals and hormone distribution.
The Heart: A four chamber muscle pump nourished by the coronary arteries
Blood pressure: Systolic=120 mmHg, Diastolic=80 mmHg. Varies depending on demand and vascular conditions.
Blood composition: red and white cells, platelets and plasma
Cardiovascular disorders: mostly related to blood vessel damage and blood flow abnormalities resulting in tissue damage)
The Cardiovascular System
Heart Myocardium
Atria and Ventricles Blood Flow
http://www.innerbody.com/image/card02.html
Blood Pressure Systole & Diastole
Systolic: max force from contraction
Diastolic: pressure between contractions
Fluid Dynamics Cardiac output Blood volume Peripheral resistance Elasticity of vessels Viscosity of blood
Blood Pressure
Other factors that affect BP Emotions: SNS Environmental Temperature Activity levels
Hypertension >140 mmHg systolic, >90 mmHg diastolic Risk factors
family Hx body weight age gender race
Immune System
Organs of the immune system lymphocytes: white blood cells
from lymphatic or lymphoid organs: bone marrow thymus lymph nodes spleen
lymph nodes capture antigens and hold lymphocytes
lymph vessels ultimately empty into blood supply can spread cancer cells
spleen filters blood
Soldiers of the Immune System
White blood cells phagocytes: nonspecific immunity
macrophages and monocytes lymphocytes: respond to specific antigens
T-cells: cell-mediated immunity Killer T cells Helper T cells Memory T cells Suppressor T cells
Soldiers of the Immune System
B-cells: antibody-mediated immunity B-cells produce plasma cells which produce
antibodies (immunoglobulins - Ig) Ig’s attach to antigen and identify it for
destruction Memory B-cells
The Immune Response
First lines of defense skin mucous membranes of respiratory and
digestive tractsNext: non-specific and specific
immune processes phagocytes, B-cells, helper T-cells
Finally: killer T-cells destroy invaded cells