Date post: | 04-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | zam-zailon |
View: | 227 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
1/29
THE BONOBO AND THE CHIMPANZEE
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
2/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
3/29
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
Studies show that humans, bonobos and
chimpanzees have the common ancestor
six million years ago. Humans also started
to divert from the common ancestor.
The bonobos and the chimpanzees have
the common ancestor last three million
years ago, which also begun to divert up to
day, making them different.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
4/29
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
5/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
6/29
TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY
Eastern Chimpanzee
(P. t. schweinfurthii)Central Chimpanzee (P.
t. troglodytes)
Nigeria-Cameroon
Chimpanzee (P. t.
vellerosus)
Masked
Chimpanzee (P. t.
verus)
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
7/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
8/29
TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY
Initial genetic studies characterised
the DNA of chimpanzees (common
chimpanzee and bonobo, collectively) as
being as much as 98% (99.4% in one
study) identical to that of Homo sapiens.
DNA evidence suggests that the bonobo
and common chimpanzee species
effectively separated from each other
fewer than one million years ago.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
9/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
10/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
11/29
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
BONOBO CHIMPANZEE
More slender than the chimpanzee, slim body,
narrow shoulders, thin neck and long legs.
Females are smaller than males. Little shorterand slimmer than the chimpanzee.
The common chimp has long arms which have a
span one and a half times as long as the bodys
height and a chimpanzeesarms are longer thanits legs.
The weight of males range from 34 to 45 kg whilethe female bonobo weighs 30 kg.
The male chimpanzee weighs as much as 70 kg.The female is somewhat smaller.
Total length from nose to foot is 70 to 83 cm. The male common chimp is up to 1.7 meters (5.6
ft) high when standing.
Head is smaller than the chimpanzee with less
prominent brow ridges above the eyes.
A bony shelf over the eyes gives the forehead a
receding appearance, and the nose is flat.
It has a black face with pink lips, small ears, widenostrils, and long hair on its head that forms a
part.
robust build, face color changes with age, darklips
Higher pitched voice Hoot, scream, grunt, Drum on hollow trees
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
12/29
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
13/29
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
BONOBO CHIMPANZEECapable of altruism, compassion, empathy,
kindness, patience and sensitivity
They tend to display higher levels of aggression than
the bonobo.
Females have social status in bonobo society.
Aggressive encounters between males and females
are rare, and males are tolerant of infants and
juveniles. A male gets his status of his mother.
Adult males can be very aggressive. They are highly
territorial and are known how to kill other chimps.
Social hierarchies exist in bonobos. However, rank
plays a less prominent role in other primate
societies. Females form strong bonds and exert
social dominance over the males
Chimpanzees live in a leaner hierarchy in which
more than one individual may be dominant enough
to dominate other members of lower rank. Linear set
of relationships among all males, includes a clear
alpha-male
Tool use has been seen frequently only in captivity Chimpanzees are capable of using tools to cut
cracking, ant dipping/ fishing and leaf clipping
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
14/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
15/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
16/29
Peaceful Bonobos Lack Violence Gene Humans share 98.7 percent of our DNA with chimpanzees, but we share one
important similarity with one species of chimp, the common chimpanzee, that we
don't share with the other, the bonobo. That similarity is violence. While humans and
the common chimpanzee wage war and kill each other, bonobos do not. "There hasnever been a recorded case in captivity or in the wild of a bonobo killing another
bonobo," notes anthropologist Brian Hare. Source: NSF
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
17/29
Chimpanzees team up to attack a monkey in the wild Watch the planning and specific positions involved in a detailed chimpanzee attack
on a colabus monkey deep in the forest. Amazing videos of when animals attack from
BBC Worldwide.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
18/29
TERRITORIALITY
BONOBO CHIMPANZEE
groups occupy specific
territories, territories can
overlap, mating across
community lines observed
specific territories, aggressive
patrolling of boundaries,
avoidance of neighbors
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
19/29
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
BONOBO CHIMPANZEE
mother-son- and female-
female-bonds very important
male-male-bonds very
important
larger parties than chimps live in 'communities' of
multiple males and females
and their offspring
live in 'communities' of
multiple males and females
and their offspring
Different group-composition
than in Bonobos
mother-son- and female-
female-bonds very important
male-male-bonds very
important
Fission-fusion-societies Fission-fusion-societies
Exert social dominance over
the males
Linear set of relationships
among all males, includes a
clear alpha-male
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
20/29
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
BONOBO CHIMPANZEE
used for social
bondage
pairs can include all
age and sex
combinationsreduction of tension
elicit social or food
benefits
frequent homosexual
interactions esp. in
females
Used as greeting,
conflict resolution
High ranking males
monopolize and guard
females in estrus
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
21/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
22/29
DIET AND NUTRITION
Both the bonobo and chimpanzee are fruit-
eaters. They supplement their diet with
leaves, meat from small vertebrates as
anomalures, flying squirrels, duikers, and
invertebrates.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
23/29
ROLE IN THE ECOSYSTEM
One fact that is clear bonobosand chimpanzees are critical tothe ecosystem of the areasurrounding the Congo River which comprises the worlds
second largest rainforest. Byeating forest fruits, along withleaves, theyhelp disperse seeds and therefore play animportant role in protecting and
preserving the forest. Primatesin particular are one of the mostimportant seed dispersers intropical forests.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
24/29
SIMILARITY TO HUMANS
BONOBO CHIMPANZEE
They are capable of
passing the mirror-
recognition test for
self awareness.
Communicate
through vocal means
although the
meaning of their
means of
communication is
unknown. But some of their
gestures are
understandable such
as inviting of other
Bonobos to play.
They share most of our
genes.
They seem to be able
to handle tools.
Communicate through
vocal means although
the meaning of their
means of
communication is
unknown.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
25/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
26/29
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
27/29
"Genius" Chimp Outsmarts Tube Researchers at the Max Planck Institute in Germany capture a chimpanzee's ingenious
efforts to get unreachable peanuts out of a tube.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
28/29
CONSERVATION STATUS
Both the bonobo and chimpanzee are
facing dwindling of population due to
hunting,snares, habitat destruction,
infectious diseases.
Researchers roughly estimate the wild
population of chimpanzees to be
between 100,000 and 200,000
(Nishida et. al. 2001). There are
approximately 250 animals in zoos and
another 1,200 in research facilities
(Goodall 2001). According to the IUCN Redlist report,
the population estimate of bonobos is
of at least 29,500 individuals.
8/13/2019 The Bonobo and the Chimpanzee
29/29