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The British Colonies in Atlantic Canada
EVENTS IN EUROPE AFFECT THE COLONIES
The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 Conflict over succession to the Spanish throne
resulted in a coalition of several European countries, including England, which waged war against France from 1701 to 1714. In North America, British troops seized Port Royal, in Acadia, in 1710. By signing the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the French King, Louis XIV chose to preserve the integrity of his European kingdom, including the cities and provinces he had recently conquered. Of his possessions in New France, the King ceded to England the Hudson Bay basin, Acadia (inhabited by 2,000 settlers), Plaisance (Placentia) and his other Newfoundland possessions, with the exception of certain fishing rights; the territory of the Iroquois Confederacy became an English protectorate. France retained Louisiana and the St. Lawrence Valley up to an undetermined western boundary. France decided almost immediately to rebuild French Acadia on Cape Breton Island (renamed �le Royale). In 1715, it began the construction of a fortified town at Louisbourg, bringing in settlers from Plaisance (Placentia) and encouraging Acadians living under British rule to move there or to �le Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island).
The Affects of the Treaty of Utrecht
The French Treaty
Shore came into
existence with the
ratification of the Treaty
of Utrecht (1713). This
provided that the French
could fish in season on
the Newfoundland coast
between Cape Bonavista
and Point Riche - an
area that had been
frequented by fishermen
from Brittany since the
early 16th century, and
which they called "le
petit nord".
Newfoundland
THE CREATION HALIFAXChebucto – ‘the biggest harbour’
In The Beginning
In 1759, Britain
decided to
tighten its control
over the former
French colony.
The British
planned to build a
town and fort in
Nova Scotia at a
place called the
Mi’kmaq called
Chebucto,
meaning ‘the
biggest harbor’.
In the Beginning
Sixteen ships
sailed into the
harbor with 2600
soldiers and
colonists on
board.
They called the
settlement
Halifax, after the
British official in
London who
oversaw the
project.
George Montague Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax (1716-1771), 'The Father of the Colonies'
•aided founding of
colony of Nova
Scotia
•Nova Scotia, was
named after him in
1749
•Numerous places
are named after him
because of his
position as
president of the
Board of Trade and
Plantations.
Halifax
The houses and
buildings spread
out along the
waterfront at the
base of a hill.
At the top of the
hill, the British
built a military
fort.
The Fort at Halifax
The Fort at Halifax
Active Citizenship in HalifaxThe government in Halifax included a
governor, a council of advisors, and an elected assembly.
The citizen of the colony voted in 1758, it was the first elected assembly in British North America.
Citizenship involves much more than voting in elections.
Halifax residents who contributed to their society by working, paying taxes, volunteering or abiding by the law were also active citizens
Active Citizenship