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The Buddha
Siddhartha GautamaBorn c. 563 BCE in Lumbini, today in NepalDiedc. 483 BCE (aged 80) in Kushinagar, today in India
Life
The Tale of the Buddha
The Four Passing Sights
The “Going Forth”
1) Raja Yoga
2) Asceticism
There is a Middle Way
The Four Noble Truths
1) Life is suffering (dukkha)
2) The cause of suffering is desire (tanha)
3) The cure for suffering is in overcoming desire
4) The way to overcoming suffering is the eight-fold path
The eight-fold path
1) Right views
2) Right Intent
3) Right speech
4) Right conduct
5) Right livelihood
6) Right effort
7) Right mindfulness
8) Right Concentration
Is Buddhism a Religion?• Characteristics of Religion:1)Authority2)Ritual3)Speculation4)Tradition5)Supernatural help6)Mystery • Buddha rejects all of these things!
Basic Buddhist Concepts
THE THREE MARKS OF EXISTENCEDukka - Suffering
Anicca - The doctrine of impermanence.
Anatta - The doctrine that there is in humans no permanent, underlying substance that can be called the soul.
THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF BUDDHISM
Nirvana- The extinction of desire, hatred, and ignorance and, ultimately, of suffering and rebirth. Literally, it means “blowing out” or “becoming extinguished,” as when a flame is blown out or a fire burns out.
What does “No-Self” mean?• Common view • Buddhist View
Common View Buddhist View
Subject/Perceiver Perceptions -- Thoughts -- Feelings Perceptions -- Thoughts -- Feelings
Perceptions --- thoughts ---- feelings
Subject/self/ perceiver
Perceptions --- thoughts --- feelings
Theravada (Hinayana) vs. Mahayana
TheravadaHuman beings are emancipated by self-
effort, without supernatural aid.
Key virtue: Wisdom
Attainment requires constant commitment, and is primarily for monks and nuns
Ideal: The Arhat who remains in nirvana after death
Buddha a saint, supreme teacher, and inspirer
Minimizes ritual
Practice centers on meditation.
MahayanaHuman aspirations are supported by divine
powers and the grace they bestow
Key virtue: Compassion
Religious practice is relevant to life in the world, and therefore to laypeople.
Ideal: the boddhisattva
Buddha is a savior
Elaborates metaphysics
Emphasizes ritual
Includes petitionary prayer
Types of Mahayana Buddhism
Pure Land
Zen
Hotei (Laughing) Buddha
Vajarayana: Tibetan Buddhism