The Call for The Call for IndependenceIndependence

Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Section 3Section 3

Pages 149 - 152Pages 149 - 152

Cast of CharactersCast of Characters

ToriesTories PatriotsPatriots Quakers, Quakers, Mennonites, Mennonites, MoraviansMoravians

RedcoatsRedcoats Council of Council of SafetySafety

Fence SittersFence Sitters

The 1.6 million people who lived in the The 1.6 million people who lived in the colonies could be divided into many colonies could be divided into many

distinctive groupsdistinctive groups

ToriesToriesAKA: Loyalists, British Royalists, AKA: Loyalists, British Royalists,

“King’s Friends”“King’s Friends”Individuals who were loyal to the King Individuals who were loyal to the King of Englandof England

Many Tories lived in GeorgiaMany Tories lived in GeorgiaBelieved that since the King founded the Believed that since the King founded the colonies and was financially supporting colonies and was financially supporting the colonies he had the right to rulethe colonies he had the right to rule

Many Tories had family that still lived Many Tories had family that still lived

in Great Britainin Great BritainTories believed that life under Patriot Tories believed that life under Patriot

rule would be extremely hardrule would be extremely hard

PatriotsPatriotsAKA: Whigs, Liberty Boys, Colonials, AKA: Whigs, Liberty Boys, Colonials,

Sons and Daughters of LibertySons and Daughters of Liberty

Citizens ready to cut ties with Citizens ready to cut ties with

Great BritainGreat Britain

The Liberty Boys were a part of The Liberty Boys were a part of

the Sons of Liberty, and their the Sons of Liberty, and their

daring acts represented the spirit daring acts represented the spirit

of the Revolutionof the Revolution

Noble Wimberly Jones was a PatriotNoble Wimberly Jones was a Patriot

Quakers, Mennonites, Quakers, Mennonites, MoraviansMoravians

Pacifist - A person who does not Pacifist - A person who does not believe in war or violence of believe in war or violence of any kindany kind

Had religious objections to warHad religious objections to warOften lived in isolated Often lived in isolated communities away from the citiescommunities away from the cities

RedcoatsRedcoatsAKA: LobsterbacksAKA: Lobsterbacks

British soldiers were the most British soldiers were the most

feared soldiers in the worldfeared soldiers in the worldSome were forced to fight against Some were forced to fight against

Patriot colonistsPatriot colonists

Got their name because of their red Got their name because of their red

uniformsuniforms

Council of SafetyCouncil of Safety

Set up by Georgia Patriots in 1775 Set up by Georgia Patriots in 1775

when the Provincial Congress voted when the Provincial Congress voted

to join the other colonies in a to join the other colonies in a

boycott of trade with Great Britainboycott of trade with Great Britain

Enforced the trade boycott against Enforced the trade boycott against

Great BritainGreat Britain

All of the colonies had similar All of the colonies had similar

groupsgroups

Fence sittersFence sitters

Didn’t want to choose the Didn’t want to choose the

losing sidelosing side

Would not commit to being Tory, Would not commit to being Tory,

Patriot or pacifistPatriot or pacifist

Worried about consequences of Worried about consequences of

the warthe war

Of the Tories, Patriots Of the Tories, Patriots or Pacifists, which of or Pacifists, which of these groups would you these groups would you

want to belong to? want to belong to? Why?Why?

Causes of the American Revolution

• The French and Indian War

• Taxes (Sugar Act, Tea Act, Etc.)

• Boston Massacre

• Boston Tea Party

• Intolerable Acts

• Provincial Congress Boycott

Sugar ActSugar Act

►Placed a tax on sugar and Placed a tax on sugar and

molasses imported from the West molasses imported from the West

IndiesIndies

►Passed April 5, 1764Passed April 5, 1764

►Georgia concerned because of Georgia concerned because of

trade ties with Jamaica and trade ties with Jamaica and

BarbadosBarbados

Passed in November, 1765Placed a tax on newspapers, legal documents and licenses

Gave the colonists a target for their rage

Sons of Liberty formed in response to this act

Stamp Act

Townshend ActTownshend Act Passed in 1767Passed in 1767

Placed import taxes on tea, Placed import taxes on tea,

paper, glass and coloring for paper, glass and coloring for

paintspaints

Many colonists stopped painting Many colonists stopped painting

their house to protest the their house to protest the

Townshend Act’s tax on paintTownshend Act’s tax on paint

Tea ActTea ActTea ActTea ActPassed in 1773 to help the failing Passed in 1773 to help the failing

East India CompanyEast India CompanyAllowed the East India Company to Allowed the East India Company to

ship tea directly to the colonies ship tea directly to the colonies Company sold tea for less than what Company sold tea for less than what

colonial merchants could sell it forcolonial merchants could sell it forPatriots dumped 342 chests Patriots dumped 342 chests

of tea into the Boston Bayof tea into the Boston Bay

◦““The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party””

Quartering ActQuartering Act

►A final punishment from A final punishment from

ParliamentParliament

►Passed in 1774 in response to the Passed in 1774 in response to the

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

►Colonists had to house and feed Colonists had to house and feed

British soldiers at their own British soldiers at their own

expense expense

Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts Quartering Act put British soldiers in Quartering Act put British soldiers in the homes of ordinary coloniststhe homes of ordinary colonists

The Closing of Boston Harbor cut the The Closing of Boston Harbor cut the city off from valuable trade goodscity off from valuable trade goods

Town meetings couldn’t be held without Town meetings couldn’t be held without the colonial governor’s permissionthe colonial governor’s permission

British officials that committed British officials that committed capital crimes (murder) were tried in capital crimes (murder) were tried in Britain instead of the coloniesBritain instead of the colonies

Colonial ResponseColonial Response On September 5, 1774 all of the On September 5, 1774 all of the colonies (except Georgia) sent colonies (except Georgia) sent representatives to the Continental representatives to the Continental CongressCongress

The Congress gathered to respond The Congress gathered to respond to the Intolerable Actsto the Intolerable Acts One group wanted to seek Independence One group wanted to seek Independence from Great Britainfrom Great Britain

Another group wanted to make changes, Another group wanted to make changes, but still remain under British rulebut still remain under British rule

The Congress’ DecisionThe Congress’ Decision

After much debate, the After much debate, the Continental Congress agreed to Continental Congress agreed to stop all trade with Great Britainstop all trade with Great Britain

Committees of Safety were Committees of Safety were established to enforce the trade established to enforce the trade boycottboycott

The work of the Continental The work of the Continental Congress was considered treason Congress was considered treason and punishable by deathand punishable by death

Georgia’s ResponseGeorgia’s Response Georgia did not send a Georgia did not send a representative to the Continental representative to the Continental Congress, but issued their own Congress, but issued their own reaction to the Intolerable Acts in reaction to the Intolerable Acts in August 1774August 1774

Georgia issued a resolution saying Georgia issued a resolution saying that the Intolerable Acts violated that the Intolerable Acts violated their rights as Englishmantheir rights as Englishman

Georgia held its own Provincial Georgia held its own Provincial Congress in January 1775, but it Congress in January 1775, but it ended with no major outcomesended with no major outcomes

QUIZQUIZ

ToriesTories PatriotsPatriots Quakers, Mennonites, MoraviansQuakers, Mennonites, Moravians RedcoatsRedcoats Council of SafetyCouncil of Safety Fence sittersFence sitters Sugar ActSugar Act Stamp ActStamp Act Townshend ActTownshend Act Tea ActTea Act Quartering ActQuartering Act