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The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

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The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fxm85Fy4sQ
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Page 1: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Cardiovascular System

CrashCourse Circulatory System Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fxm85Fy4sQ

Page 2: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 3: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

37–1 The Circulatory System

Circulatory System Introduction:

The circulatory system and respiratory system work together to supply cells with the nutrients and oxygen they need to stay alive.

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Functions of the Circulatory System

Cardiovascular System

Humans and other vertebrates have closed circulatory systems, meaning that the blood is contained within a system of vessels (tubes).

Page 5: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 6: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The circulatory system as a system of tubes with a pump (heart) and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood

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Describe the double circulation in terms of:

1. a low pressure circulation to the lungs and

2. a high pressure circulation to the body tissues

High Pressure

Page 8: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Functions of the Circulatory System

Circulatory Introduction

The human circulatory system consists of:

• the heart

• blood vessels

• blood

Page 9: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

IB Assessment Statement

Draw and Label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers associated blood vessels, valves and the route of the blood through the heart. Know the relative thickness of the four chambers.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 10: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

The Heart

The heart is a double pump:

1. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs

2. The left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body.

Page 11: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

The Heart

The walls of the heart are composed of cardiac muscle.

Contraction of cardiac muscle is myogenic.

• Myogenic means that it can contract on its own it does not need to be stimulated by a nerve.

Page 12: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

The Heart

The heart is enclosed in a protective sac of tissue.

In the walls of the heart, two layers of tissue form around a thick layer of muscle.

Contractions of the layer of muscle pump blood.

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The Heart – Coronary arteries

– There are many capillaries in the muscular wall of the heart.

These are called the coronary arteries.

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The Heart – Coronary arteries

The function of the coronary arteries are listed below:

Bring nutrients to heart muscle

Bring oxygen for aerobic cell respiration, which provides heart tissue with energy necessary for heart contraction.

Remove waste products (CO2) from heart muscle

Page 15: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

IB LEARNING OBJECTIVE

State the function of the coronary arteries

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 16: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Coronary Heart Disease

If the coronary arteries or veins become blocked, the heart muscles become:

deprived of oxygen and sugar

And poisonous waste products build up

Resulting in a HEART ATTACK.

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Page 18: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Coronary Heart Disease

Blockage of coronary arteries is called coronary heart disease.

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People at Risk for Coronary Heart Disease

Smoking Cigarettes – nicotine damages the circulatory system

Diet – a diet high in saturated fat, salt and cholesterol

Obesity – Being overweight

Stress – unmanageable or long term stress

Genes – Some people inherit genes that make it more likely

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A doctor can determine if you have a block coronary arteries by doing an Angiogram.

It gives a picture of the coronary arteries.

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If you have a blocked coronary artery or veins, you can have surgery.

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Coronary Bypass Surgery

In Coronary Bypass Surgery a blood vessel is removed from one part of the body and sewn in the heart muscle

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Preventing Heart Disease

Regular Exercise

Healthy eating

Maintaining weight

Heart Attack Video

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/how-heart-attack-occurs

Page 25: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

IB LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

Describe the relative thickness of the four chambers.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 26: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Structures of the Heart

Page 27: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium

Right Atrium

Superior Vena Cava:

Page 28: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium

Left Atrium

Pulmonary Veins: Pulmonary

Veins:

Page 29: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery.

Right Atrium

Pulmonary ArteriesSemilunar Valves:

Page 30: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle

Right Atrium

Atrioventricle (Tricuspid) Valve:

Page 31: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.

Right Atrium

Inferior Vena Cava:

Page 32: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Atrioventricle (Bicuspid) Valve: Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Page 33: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Semilunar Valve: Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Aorta

Page 34: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Bring oxygen-poor blood to the right or left lung

Pulmonary Arteries:

Page 35: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body

Aorta:

Page 36: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

The septum divides the right side of the heart from the left.

It prevents the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood.

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The Heart

The heart has four chambers—two atria and two ventricles.

There are two chambers on each side of the septum.

The upper chamber, which receives the blood, is the atrium.

The lower chamber, which pumps blood out of the heart, is the ventricle.

Page 38: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Atria vs. Ventricles

Both Atria have thinner walls than the ventricles, because they only need to pump blood to the ventricles.

Page 39: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Left ventricle vs. right ventricle

– Left Ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle, because it pumps blood through the arteries to all the tissues in the body

–Right Ventricle wall is thinner and less muscular than the left ventricle because it is only pumps blood to the lungs

Page 40: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Left vs. Right Ventricle Venn Diagram

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 42: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 43: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

 IB LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing the of valves.

 

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 44: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Flow of blood tutorial :

http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/blood_system.swf

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 45: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Circulation Through the Heart

Blood enters the heart through the right and left atria.

As the heart contracts, blood flows into the ventricles and then out from the ventricles to either the body or the lungs.

Page 46: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

There are flaps of connective tissue called valves between the atria and the ventricles.

When the ventricles contract, the valves close, which prevents blood from flowing back into the atria.

Page 47: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

At the exits from the right and left ventricles, valves prevent blood that flows out of the heart from flowing back in.

Blood leaves the left ventricle, and enters the aorta.

The aorta is one of the blood vessels that carry the blood through the body and back to the heart.

Page 48: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Circulation Through the Body 

The heart functions as two separate pumps.

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The Heart

Pulmonary Circulation

One pathway circulates blood between the heart and the lungs.

This pathway is known as pulmonary circulation.

In the lungs, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen is absorbed. The oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart.

Page 50: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Systemic Circulation

The second pathway circulates blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

This pathway is called systemic circulation.

After returning from the lungs, the oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the rest of the body.

Page 51: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

The Heart

Circulation of Blood through the Body

Capillaries of head and arms

Superior vena cava Aorta

Pulmonary veinCapillaries of

right lungs

Inferior vena cava

Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs

Capillaries of left lung

Pulmonary artery

Page 52: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 53: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Cardiac Cycle More detailsStep 1

Diastole

The heart muscle is relaxed this is called diastole.

There is no pressure in the heart chambers.

Blood tries to flow back into the heart but closes the semi-lunar valves.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 54: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Cardiac Cycle More detailsStep 2

Diastole

Both atria fill with blood returning to the heart in the veins.

The right atria fills with blood returning in the vena cava from the body tissues (deoxygenated).

The atrio-ventricular valves are still closed and the atria fill up.

When the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles the atrio-ventricular valves will open.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 55: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Cardiac Cycle More detailsStep 3

Late Diastole

In this diagram the heart is still relaxed (diastole).

The pressure of blood returning to the heart and filling the atria is now high enough to open the atrio-ventricular valves.

The pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles.

Atrio-ventricular valves open

Ventricles begin to fill with blood..

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 56: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Cardiac Cycle More detailsStep 4

Atrial systole

Both atria contract together (see control of heart rate)

The muscles of the atria contract.

volume of the atria reduces.

Pressure of blood increases

Blood flow into the ventricle, filling this chamber and causing the ventricle wall to stretch...

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 57: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Cardiac Cycle More detailsStep 6

Ventricular Systole

The ventricle contracts (systole)

The pressure increases in the ventricle

The atrio-ventricular valve closes

The pressure rises further

Pressure in the ventricle is greater than the artery, semi-lunar valve opens

Blood pulses into the arteries

 

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 58: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

IB LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

Describe the relationship between the structure and function of blood vessels. [6]

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 59: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Blood Vessels

Blood Vessels Introduction

As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels:

• arteries

• capillaries

• veins

Page 60: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Blood Vessels

Arteries 

Large vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body are called arteries.

Except for the pulmonary arteries, all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood.

Pulmonary artery carries oxygen poor blood from the right side of the heart to the left side

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Page 62: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Arteries have thick walls.

Four parts of the artery:

1. a narrow central tube

2. A smooth lining so no obstruction to blood flow will occur

3. A thick layer of muscles and elastic fibers

4. A thick outer wall.

Page 63: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Thick outer wallThick outer wall

Smooth lining

Thick muscular layer

Thick outer wall

Thick muscular layer

Thick outer wall

Smooth lining

Thick muscular layer

Thick outer wall

Smooth lining

Thick muscular layer

Thick outer wall

Page 64: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Blood Vessels

Capillaries 

The smallest of the blood vessels are the capillaries.

Their walls are only one cell thick, and most are narrow.

The capillaries bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorb carbon dioxide and other waste products from them.

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Page 66: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Blood Vessels

Page 67: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Blood Vessels

Veins 

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are veins.

Veins have thinner walls than arteries.

Page 68: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Four parts to the structure of Veins:

1. Wide central tube

2. Thin layer of muscle

3. Valves

4. Thin outer wall

Page 69: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Thin Outer

Wall

Thin layer

Of muscle

Smooth liningSmooth lining

Thin layer

Of muscle

Smooth lining

Thin Outer

Wall

Thin layer

Of muscle

Smooth lining

Thin Outer

Wall

Thin layer

Of muscle

Smooth lining

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Page 71: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Blood Vessels

Large veins contain valves that keep blood moving toward the heart.

Valve open

Valve closed

Valves closed

Page 72: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Veins vs. Arteries Venn Diagram

Page 73: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

IB LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Draw and Label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers associated blood vessels, valves and the route of the blood through the heart (4 Points)

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Page 74: The Cardiovascular System CrashCourse Circulatory System Video .

Virtual Heart Dissection:

http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/cyberheart/anthrt.htm

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall


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