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The Carolina Colony
NC Native American Life at the Time of Contact with Europeans
There were over 30 different tribes in North Carolina at the time Europeans came
They varied in size from tribes of only a few villages to tribes of thousands
The Algonquin Culture Lived along coastal North Carolina
Tribes were held together by a common language
Largest tribes = Pasquotank and Waccamaw
Algonquin Culture Location allowed for
abundant fishing
Ate fruits, melons, walnuts, cucumbers, peas, and roots
Tuscarora Dominated the coastal plain region
The group had about 15 villages with 300 to 500 people in each village
Related to the Iroquois Nation of New York
Catawba Lived along the Catawba river in a
group of towns
They were distinguished by their burnt black pottery
The Cherokee The Cherokee controlled 40,000 sq. mi. of
territory – including parts of Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama
One of the largest tribes in the US (approx. 30,000 members)
Tribal Organization Communities were led by Chiefs Chiefs controlled several towns (chiefdom)
Tribal Councils – advised the chief
Chiefs served as political, spiritual and military leaders, also distributed food
Belief System No one unified Native American spiritual
belief system
Great respect for nature
Common legends and folklore to explain natural events
Native Americans in NC and across North America
Shared religious beliefs
• Religion linked to nature
• Spiritual forces were everywhere– even plants and animals
Shared beliefs about property
• Individual ownership applied only to the crops one grew
• Land was for the use of everyone in the village
• Believed they should preserve the land for future generations
Despite shared beliefs, Native Americans on the North American continent were independent culture groups and did not form large empires.
Cultural Differences between Natives and Settlers Natives did not hold to the idea of owning land. Land was owned
by all! Europeans came from a society where landownership equals
power. Therefore, land was to be had. For natives, community often came before individual (a kind of
tribal-socialist society) Individualism was being promoted by the new protestants coming
to North America Natives believed that nature was sacred and good Colonials were taught that man had “dominion” over the earth and
that wicked acts were committed in the “wilderness.” #Jesus-40days40nights
Settling NC How might settlers come to the colony? What problems might they face? What areas will be settled first?
Settling the Albemarle
1650s – the best lands of Virginia were taken Tobacco drained soil of nutrients Land had been claimed Farmers sought new lands
Consequences of Jamestown’s Success
Great Wagon Road
* Great Wagon Road Main way to travel on the frontier
Passed through Old Salem!
Developed from old Indian trails
Growing Tobacco Land must be cleared 15 months from seed
to product Planted in January,
shipped the following spring
Soil lasted 2-3 seasons
Tobacco made up the entire economy of Carolina
Tobacco as Money No paper money or coin in Carolina
300-500 lb. tobacco for 1 cow 2000 lb. tobacco for 1 indentured servant 30-100 lb. tobacco for 1 cast iron pot Each adult man grew 1500-2000 lbs. of tobacco
per year
Life in the Colony Land was covered
by dense forest Malaria Dangerous Jobs –
logging, hunting, seafaring
Colonial Women Married and
widowed numerous times during life
Coverture – husband had complete control over wife’s property
Could not vote
Colonial Religion Society of Friends
(Quakers) dominated early Carolina
England pushed Anglican faith
George Fox – founder – established numerous congregations
1672 – Fox made a pilgrimage to “the north of Carolina”
Converts By 1676, hundreds of
settlers had converted “Meetings among the
people” allowed representation
Added to independent spirit of colonists
Not impressed with English titles or wealth