9.9
2.6 2.2
57% ?
Figures from Le Quere et al. Nature Geoscience 2009 doi: 10.1038/ngeo689
Surface elevation
-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
0102030
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Cum
ulat
ive
chan
ge (m
m)
Days
Control Treated
Baseline period Girdled period Cut period
Fishing 21% Fish trading 14% Makuti weaving 13% Odd jobs 11% Selling food/drinks 11% Unspecified business 7% Other 7% Paid employment 7%
Regulating $1,779,072
Provisioning $3,021,305
Cultural $122,757
TOTAL $4,923,134
What is the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario? Take historical rates of loss of mangrove areas (1992-2010 loss rates 13.5% ) and project forward 20 years, applying a risk model developed to identify key factors driving mangrove removal
In the north, this shows almost no mangrove loss
Vanga, Funzi and Gazi
Near Mombasa, all the mangroves disappear
BAU scenario shows 76% loss of mangrove cover in the south coast sites by 2032
KEY
Mikoko Pamoja Organisational Structure and Governance
Project Technical Operations
Community Engagement
Government and Regulatory Oversight
management and employment
reporting relationship
MIKOKO PAMOJA COMMUNITY ORGANISATION. This is the registered community producer organization; it is governed by nominated community representatives from Gazi and Makongeni villages and Government Ex- Officio members. Key responsibilities include:
• Community communication and outreach • Management of annual project tasks including
meeting targets for tree planting and protection • Oversight of community benefits and payments of
project income to community • Management of project bank account and making
annual financial reports to Steering group
MIKOKO PAMOJA WORK TEAMS
The people recruited
to do routine monitoring, policing and planting tasks
such as establishing nurseries, reporting
on poaching etc
THE KENYA FOREST SERVICE (Working through a Community Forest Association)
Chair Vice Chair Coordinator (paid post)
Treasurer Secretary
VILLAGE CHAIRS (and local government)
MINISTRY FOR GENDER AND SOCIAL SERVICES
Authority to issue registration certificate to MPCO
PLAN VIVO FOUNDATION
The organization that grants
official accreditation, thus allowing the sale of carbon credits to buyers such as
companies
ACES Scottish charity (no
SC043978). It will hold the funds from sales of carbon credits until confirmation that monitoring outcomes
are met; money will then be transferred to MPCO. ACES will also report to Plan Vivo
Foundation
MIKOKO PAMOJA STEERING GROUP
(KMFRI, KFS, WWF,
Napier, Bangor, Earthwatch).
Provides a range of technical advice and
assistance on a voluntary basis to
MPCO
Buyers of carbon credits (eg private companies, NGOs,
individuals)
Key themes in Kenyan Policy Sector Climate
change adaptation/ mitigation
Policy integration
Education Economic growth
Participation/ equality
Ecosystem conservation/
restoration
Climate change √ √
Coastal zone planning
√ √ √ √ √
Development √ √ √
Energy √ √
Environment √ √ √ √
Fisheries √ √
Forests √ √ √
Land √ √
Planning √ √
Tourism √ √
A LICENSED DEALER: Also in 2010 there existed another dealer ------ but due to heavy harvesting of mangroves and possession of expired license, the community chased him away …to neighboring community ------ where he continued with the operations. A FOREST OFFICER: Thirty years in the
forest department. There are two licensees in --------- but he doesn’t know how the extraction limit is arrived at. He doesn’t know how much the licensees are currently allowed to take out. …..There is no limit as to how much a licensee can cut and the more the better as this means more revenue for the government. It also gives the forest a chance to regenerate faster as the young seedlings get space to sprout. …..He is ……scared of venturing deep in the forest of his own.