The Changing American

Labor Force

The Changing American

Labor Force

Child LaborChild Labor

Child LaborChild Labor

“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

Management vs. Labor

Management vs. Labor

““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement

““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor

““scabs”scabs”

P. R. campaignP. R. campaign

PinkertonsPinkertons

lockoutlockout

blacklistingblacklisting

yellow-dog contractsyellow-dog contracts

court injunctionscourt injunctions

open shopopen shop

boycottsboycotts

sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations

informational informational picketingpicketing

closed shopsclosed shops

organized organized strikesstrikes

““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly

““An injury to one is the concern of all!”An injury to one is the concern of all!”

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card

Goals of the Knights of Labor

Goals of the Knights of Laborù 8 hour workday8 hour workday

ù Cooperatives (Co-Ops)Cooperatives (Co-Ops)

ù Abolition of child / prison laborAbolition of child / prison labor

ù Increased circulation of Increased circulation of greenbacksgreenbacks

ù Equal pay for men & womenEqual pay for men & women

ù Safety CodesSafety Codes

ù Limit/prohibit foreign labor.Limit/prohibit foreign labor.

ù Abolition of National Bank.Abolition of National Bank.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Tournament of Today:

A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

The Tournament of Today:

A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Haymarket Riot (1886)

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers

How the AF of L Helps Workers

How the AF of L Helps Workers

ù Skilled WorkersSkilled Workers

ù Lobbied govt. for rights & protectionLobbied govt. for rights & protection

ù Maintain Maintain national strike fund!national strike fund!

ù Mediate disputes among smaller craft unionsMediate disputes among smaller craft unions

ù Mediate disputes between management/laborMediate disputes between management/labor

ù Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops

Homestead Steel Strike

(1892)

Homestead Steel Strike

(1892)

The Amalgamated The Amalgamated Association of Association of

Iron & Steel WorkersIron & Steel Workers

Homestead Steel Homestead Steel WorksWorks

Big Corporate Profits!Big Corporate Profits!

A “Compa

nyTown”:

Pullman, IL

A “Compa

nyTown”:

Pullman, IL

Pullman CarsPullman Cars

A Pullman porterA Pullman porter

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

President Grover Cleveland

President Grover Cleveland

“If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card

will be delivered!”

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Government by injunction!

The SocialistsThe Socialists

Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs

Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”

Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”

Mary Harris.Mary Harris.

Organizer for theOrganizer for theUnited MineUnited MineWorkers.Workers.

Founded the SocialFounded the SocialDemocratic Party Democratic Party in 1898.in 1898.

One of the founding One of the founding members of the I. members of the I. W. W. in 1905.W. W. in 1905.

International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

“Big Bill” Haywood of the

IWW

“Big Bill” Haywood of the

IWW

Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

I W W & the InternationaleI W W & the

Internationale

The Hand That Will Rule the World One

Big Union

The Hand That Will Rule the World One

Big Union

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

The “Bread & Roses” Strike

The “Bread & Roses” Strike

DEMANDS:

ù 15¢/hr. wage increase.

ù Double pay for overtime.

ù No discrimination against strikers.

ù An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line.

ù An end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

The “Formul

a”

The “Formul

a”

Unions Unions + Violence + Strikes + Socialists + Immigrants Violence + Strikes + Socialists + Immigrants = ANARCHY!!!!ANARCHY!!!!

Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership

However, Union workers made up only 5% of workforce

Workers Benefits Today

Workers Benefits Today

The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

Right-to-Work States Today

Right-to-Work States Today