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The Heartland of the United States consists of twelve (12) states:Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota,Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Wyoming
Trends in the Heartland’s Rural Economy
• Some rural economies are recovering better than others
• Consolidation in retailing has led a decline in number of trade centers, while the remaining are serving larger areas
Trends in the Heartland’s Rural Economy
• Some rural economies are recovering better than others
• Consolidation in retailing has led a decline in number of trade centers, while the remaining are serving larger areas
• Formation of larger corporate farms is weakening the linkages between farming and local rural economies
Trends in the Heartland’s Rural Economy
• Some rural economies are recovering better than others
• Consolidation in retailing has led a decline in number of trade centers, while the remaining are serving larger areas
• Formation of larger corporate farms is weakening the linkages between farming and local rural economies
• Remoteness has become a liability for some rural areas
A Rural Recovery in the 1990’s
• Heartland growth has tripled in the 1990’s from levels in the 1980’s, but is still below those from the 1970’s.
A Rural Recovery in the 1990’s
• Heartland growth has tripled in the 1990’s from levels in the 1980’s, but is still below those from the 1970’s
• 1980’s recessions in agriculture and energy severly affected the Heartland which was abundant in both resources.
A Rural Recovery in the 1990’s
• Heartland growth has tripled in the 1990’s from levels in the 1980’s, but is still below those from the 1970’s
• 1980’s recessions in agriculture and energy severly affected the Heartland which was abundant in both resources
• Growth has returned, but has mostly been concentrated in the mountainous states of Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico.
A Rural Recovery in the 1990’s
• Heartland growth has tripled in the 1990’s from levels in the 1980’s, but is still below those from the 1970’s
• 1980’s recessions in agriculture and energy severly affected the Heartland which was abundant in both resources
• Growth has returned, but has mostly been concentrated in the mountainous states of Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico
• While the region has grown economically, the job growth has been concentrated in only 1/3 (279) of all the rural counties (779)
A Rural Recovery in the 1990’s
• Heartland growth has tripled in the 1990’s from levels in the 1980’s, but is still below those from the 1970’s
• 1980’s recessions in agriculture and energy severly affected the Heartland which was abundant in both resources
• Growth has returned, but has mostly been concentrated in the mountainous states of Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico
• While the region has grown economically, the job growth has been concentrated in only 1/3 (279) of all the rural counties (779)
• As a group, the growing counties experienced 3.3% job growth, while the remaining 500 counties’ job growth was 0.5%
A Rural Recovery in the 1990’s
• Heartland growth has tripled in the 1990’s from levels in the 1980’s, but is still below those from the 1970’s
• 1980’s recessions in agriculture and energy severly affected the Heartland which was abundant in both resources
• Growth has returned, but has mostly been concentrated in the mountainous states of Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico
• While the region has grown economically, the job growth has been concentrated in only 1/3 (279) of all the rural counties (779)
• As a group, the growing counties experienced 3.3% job growth, while the remaining 500 counties’ job growth was 0.5%
• The gap is widening due to three factors:
1. Consolidation of Retailing
• Commerce and finance have consolidated, resulting in larger trade centers that service larger regions.
1. Consolidation of Retailing
• Commerce and finance have consolidated, resulting in larger trade centers that service larger regions.
• The growth of the national retailer (read Wal-Mart) have forced smaller local rural businesses out of business
1. Consolidation of Retailing
• Commerce and finance have consolidated, resulting in larger trade centers that service larger regions.
• The growth of the national retailer (read Wal-Mart) have forced smaller local rural businesses out of business.
• A similar effect has occured in rural health care and financial services.
2. Consolidation in Agriculture
• Large corporate farms make-up 2.5% of all farms, but account for 40% of all farm output.
2. Consolidation in Agriculture
• Large corporate farms make-up 2.5% of all farms, but account for 40% of all farm output.
• More corporate farms lessen the economic profit of the smaller farmer, decreasing economic growth.
2. Consolidation in Agriculture
• Large corporate farms make-up 2.5% of all farms, but account for 40% of all farm output.
• More corporate farms lessen the economic profit of the smaller farmer, decreasing economic growth.
• More corporate farms means less use of local resources, lessening the economic impact farming has on a rural community, by receiving more resources from farther away, for less cost.
3. Remoteness an Economic Liability
• The farther away from a metro area, generally the less growth the county experienced.
3. Remoteness an Economic Liability
• The farther away from a metro area, generally the less growth the county experienced.
• Exceptions being those counties that have scenic amenities, such as the Rocky Mountains or the Ozarks in Missouri.
The “Winners”
• Those counties that experienced both above-average job growth and per capita real income.
The “Winners”
• Those counties that experienced both above-average job growth and per capita real income.
• 148 of 779 counties experienced such growth, less than one-fifth.
The “Winners”
• Those counties that experienced both above-average job growth and per capita real income.
• 148 of 779 counties experienced such growth, less than one-fifth.
• Generally located where scenic amenties are abundant and attractive.
The “Winners”
• Those counties that experienced both above-average job growth and per capita real income.
• 148 of 779 counties experienced such growth, less than one-fifth.
• Generally located where scenic amenties are abundant and attractive.
• Winning counties had lower transportation costs, more potential employees, and more support services.
The “Losers”
• Generally high labor and other business costs, less extensive transportation networks, and fewer support services.
The “Losers”
• Generally high labor and other business costs, less extensive transportation networks, and fewer support services.
• Counties lacked amenities that attract visitors and retirees.
Conclusions
• Rural economies based only on farming and mining will continue to have a difficult time in experiencing significant growth.
Conclusions
• Rural economies based only on farming and mining will continue to have a difficult time in experiencing significant growth.
• Rural economies converting to tourism and the retirement market will start or continue to experience significant growth.
Conclusions
• Rural economies based only on farming and mining will continue to have a difficult time in experiencing significant growth.
• Rural economies converting to tourism and the retirement market will start or continue to experience significant growth.
• Administrators and policy-makers will have to decide on whether or not resources should be spent on counties and rural areas that show little promise for the future.