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The Characteristics of Supply and Demand of District Cooling Using Wasted Heat 2016. 6. 8 TZU-LUNG, TAN KDHC District Cooling Team
The Characteristics of Supply and Demand of
District Cooling Using Wasted Heat
2016. 6. 8
TZU-LUNG, TAN
KDHC District Cooling Team
- 2 -
Contents
`
1. The concept of district cooling(DC)
2. Korean market and policies for DC
3. The effect of reducing greenhouse gas
of the DC
4. The role of the DC as reduce
greenhouse gas
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Because of global warming and rising incomes, the demand of cooling is
expected to consistently increase
Change of Global trend
A change of average global temperature
(from 1901 to 2012)
Demand of cooling increases!
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District cooling(DC) is massive centralized production of cooling energy then
delivers to consumers through the pipeline network
DC Conceptual Diagram
Heat Generation Facilities
Waste incinerators, Waste Heat from CHP, Renewables, Aquifers, Rivers
Heat generation plant
(or Chilled water generation plant) → The method to supply chilled water directly
hot water → The method to supply hot water
Supply (95℃~98℃)
Absorption Chiller
Return (maximum 13℃)
Supply (3.5℃)
chilled water
Cooling Heat
Exchanger Customers
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In Korea, DC has contributed to peak load reduction, and can also save primary
energy as well as CO2 emission.
Benefits of DC in Korea (based on KDHC business model)
Improve energy efficiency (using wasted heat)
☞ Reduce greenhouse gas emission
Incinerator
Combined Heat and
Power plant
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DC Plant
Consumers
(Residential)
Consumers
(Commercial)
Generation Transmission
Consumption
District Cooling
Supply
One DC plant supplies whole consumers with cooling load,
that makes consumers don’t need individual air-conditioners.
Benefits of DC for consumers
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DC market in Korea has been rapidly expanding recent 10 years. DC consumers
have increased 127% and DC capacity has tripled in size from 2005.
(As of 2014) 615,075 usRT to 925 buildings
Status
(2005 ~ 2014) average annual growth rate of 13.5%
Tendency
407 432 458 492 521
555
630 697
810
925
198,889 218,731
250,349 289,974
313,613 333,722
413,602
461,369
540,773
615,075
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Buildings Chillers Capacity
Number of
Buildings
usRT
KDHC Occupies 57% of
DC Market
531
355,903 usRT
usRT : U.S Ton of Refrigeration 1usRT = 3,024kcal/h
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KDHC Sangam DC plant has been supplying district cooling to 35 consumers
with capacity of 150Gcal/h since 2006.
Sangam Digital Media City(DMC) (Chilled water direct supply)
Facilities Capacity(Gcal/h) Status
Absorption Chiller 48.6 Supplying chilled water directly to 35 Buildings Turbo-Refrigerator 63.5
Ice Storage System 38.1
Total 150.1
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Saved more than 25,000 tCO2e through using wasted heat 46,990Gcal from
incinerator over the last 5 years in Sangam DMC
Used Wasted heat and saved CO2
Performance of CO2 saving
(unit : Gcal, tCO2e)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
Wasted heat 9,022 6,820 7,666 12,377 11,105 46,990
Saved CO2 4,826 3,648 4,100 6,620 5,940 25,134
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
(tCO2e)
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Obstructive factor of DC : Lack of understanding, Tough estimation of equipment facilities due to
difficult demand forecasting, Initial investment cost, Underground construction of pipeline network
Supply status of Sangam DMC
Underground construction Of pipeline network
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Korea government supports DC market in various fields : Designation of district
energy area by the law, Subsidies to DC consumers.
Budget (Million USD)
Subsidies per usRT(USD)
Government Supporting system for DC
In designated area, if gross floor area is over 3,000㎡ or Capacity of refrigerator is over 300Mcal/h, consumers should use DC. Government subsidies for DC has increased rapidly since 2013, And also Subsidies per usRT has doubled in size from 2011.
1.6 1.6
2.5
3.3 3.3
46 46 48
73 70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Budget Subsidies per usRT
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Korea 13.6℃ Indonesia 26.5℃
Malaysia 26.5℃ Thailand 28.1℃
Vietnam 27.0℃ Philippine 27.7℃
Most Asian countries have good conditions to introduce DC, because of high temperatures,
And many opportunities of new town construction due to the increase in urbanization rate.
The Urbanization rate of Asia countries KDHC’s plan in Philippine
KDHC is under investigation of DC business model using a waste-to-energy in Clark, Philippine.
Equipment capacity
20MW + 45Gcal/h
Investment cost
300Million USD
(Cost of refrigerator)
42Million USD
Area Texas Instrument,
PSPC (semiconductor factory)
<Annual average temperature>
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In conclusion, Cooling is not just luxury, but utility to survive the heat wave. District
Cooling is an effective way to reduce Greenhouse gases and improve the quality of life.
Korea uses DC for energy conservation and reduction of GH gases. And also Korea government implements the Mandatory use policy and Subsidies. Introducing DC to your Countries may helpful for your national prestige and global environment.
Performance of CO2 saving
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
(tCO2e)
