The Chemistry of Life Part 1Topic 3.1 -3.2

• Most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are:

• C, H, O, N

• Additional important elements include:

• S, Ca, P, Fe, Na

State one role for each of the elements listed on the previous slide

• C –

• H –

• O –

• N –

• P –

• S –

• Ca –

• P –

• Na –

• Fe -

Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water. Show their polarity and hydrogen bond

formation

Outline the thermal, cohesive and solvent properties of water

Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a

coolant, medium for metabolic reactions and transport medium

• Coolant –

• Metabolic reactions –

• Transport medium –

Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds

• Organic Inorganic

compounds compounds

containing carbon that do not contain

found in living orgs, carbon

(exception of

hydrogencarbonates,

carbonates, and oxides

of carbon)

Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from each other structurally

Carbohydrates

• Types:

• Monosaccharides: monomer; CH2O;

• Function: Energy

• Examples:

• Disaccharide function – Transport of monomer nutrients

• Examples:

• Polysaccharides

• Function: Energy storage; structural

• Examples: • Cellulose Chitin

Polysaccharides cont’d

• Starch Glycogen

State one function of

• Glucose:

• Lactose:

• Glycogen:

• (in animals)

• And

• Fructose:

• Sucrose

• Cellulose

• (in plants)

Outline condensation (dehydration synth) and hydrolysis reactions

between:Carbs – Monosaccharides and disaccharides

•And Monosaccharides and polysaccharides

Outline condensation (dehydration synth) and hydrolysis reactions between:

Glycerol and fatty acids to form a triglyceride (fat)

Outline condensation (dehydration synth) and hydrolysis reactions between:

• Amino acids and polypeptides

State three functions of lipids

Lipids

• Function:

•

• Liqid fat: oils

• Solid fat: animal fat

• Types: fats, steroids, waxes

Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage