THEOF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE

MAN

THE

CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF MAN

H.

WHEELER

ROBINSON, M.A.

TUTOR IN RAWDON COLLEGE SOMETIME SENIOR KENNICOTT SCHOLAR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

SECOND EDITION

EDINBURGH: T.

&

T.

CLARK,

38 GEORGE STREET

Printed by

MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED,FORT.

&

T.

CLARK, EDINBURGH.ANDCO-

I/)NDON

:

SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT,

LIMITED

HEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNKR S

SONS

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITIONAa great subject can be useful by giving a concise outline of its contents or by

GENERAL

introduction

to

arousing independent thought ontried to

make

I have problems. this volume useful in both ways to the

its

student and to the general reader.

It

much

historicalin;

andsingle

accessible

a

exegetical volume written

detail

brings together not elsewhere

from a modern

standpointthis"

it

frequently emphasizes rather than attempts

to reconcile the antitheses

subject

spring.",

from which the problems of This will be apparent from theis

Table of Contents

which the reader

advised to studyI

have presented the psychology of the Old Testament (on which that of the New rests), of the Patristic writers, and of thebefore turning to the text.

In particular,

modern period with more

detail

than the general reader

may

desire or the general scale of theI

book may seem

to

warrant.

have done

this

in

the conviction that theaffect its interpre

psychology of any age must profoundlytation of Christian anthropology.

The key to

Controversy, for

example,

lies in

the Pelagian the difference between

the conceptions of personality entertained by the opponents. initial approach to the whole subject was through a

My

study of the Hebrew psychological terms this has prob ably affected the treatment and emphasis throughout.;

vi

PrefaceI

In this connection,

am

indebted to Messrs. Hodder

&

Stoughton for permission to reproduce several paragraphs from my contribution to the volume called Mansfield Hebrew Psychology in College Essays, under the title"

Relation to PaulineIt is

Anthropology."

hardly necessary to remind the reader that almost every section and subsection of this book touches con

and that no two writers will agree on such a subject as this. I have spared no pains to secure accuracy of fact, but am very conscious, introversial points,

every detail of

other respects, of the limitations of this volume some of these are due to the necessary limits of space, though;

demands the subject makes on both learning and Christian experience. theological The book (though not the subject) was undertaken atfar

more

to the

In addition to my obli the suggestion of Dr. Hastings. to the general literature of the subject indicated gationsin the notes,ful

indebted to several friends for help criticisms and suggestions. My former tutors, Drs.I

am

Buchanan Gray and Vernon Bartlet, have read in manu script Chapters I. and III. respectively; Principal R. S.Franks, M.A., B.Litt, ChapterII.;

the Revs. D. Stewart,V.,

M.A., and H.

C.

Rowse, M.A., Chapters IV. and

and

In particular, I am indebted to Mr. the entire proof. Stewart for constant and unwearied assistance through

out the preparation of the whole book those who may find it of use will be under a much greater obligation than;

they

will realize to his

keen insight into philosophical andH. W. R.

social problems.

RAWDON, March

1911.

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITIONITis

gratifying tofor

learn,

from the comparatively earlyit

needto

appears be answering the purpose for which it was written. No changes have been made in this edition, beyond atrifling corrections.I

a second edition of this book, that

few

am

grateful for the generousits

welcome givenfor

to the

book by

critics,

and especiallyits

the fact that so

many who haveto

differed fromit

standpoint or conclusions have found

worthy of their

approval as

a

contribution

the subject.

Amongstdeserve

suggestions for its

improvement, two

in particular

mentionin

the

a fuller treatment of the doctrine of the Spirit New Testament, and a wider review of the

mediaeval influences (such as monasticism, the penitential system, and sacramental piety) which modified the

conception of human nature within the Catholic Church. In both cases, the omissions are chiefly due to considerations of space;

the usefulness of such a book as thisits

largely depends onI

brevity.

But to the former topicSpirit,

hope

eventually to return, in a review of the history

of the doctrine of the

Holy

on

lines similar to

those of the present volume.

H.

VV.

R.

May

1913.

vii

CONTENTSINTRODUCTION.Theunity of

human

nature

development of Christian doctrine modern thought

.......;

its

progressive interpretation through the the relation of this doctrine to ;

CHAPTER

I.

THE OLD TESTAMENT DOCTRINE OF MAN.1.

INTRODUCTION. . . (a) The Old Testament in relation to anthropology (6) The characteristics of primitive psychology (c) Hebrew ideas of man contrasted with those of some otherancient or primitive peoples

2.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TERMS.(a)

.... . ..

.

.

.6 .8

4

The physiology

of thelife

Hebrews

.

. . (breath and blood) (c) The physical organs to which psychical functions are ascribed . . (d) Inter-relation of the resultant terminology

() The

principles of

.11 -14 20 .26

3.

THE RELIGIOUS VALUE OF THE INDIVIDUAL.(a)(b)

Corporate personality

.

.

...

4.

The development of individualism (c) The problem of individual retribution (d) The eschatology of the individual THE CONCEPTION OF SIN.(a)

. ..

.

.

Terminology

.

.

.

.

.

..

.27 .30 -34 -39 .42.

(6) Earlier limitations(c)

The

of morality . . prophetic union of morality and religion

. .

45 49

(d) Post-exilic(e)

developments

.

.

.

Relation to later dogmatic theories

.

.

.

.52 .55

x5.

ContentsTHE RELATION OF MAN TO NATURE AND GOD.(a) Creation(b)(c)

PAGK.

and the natural order of the world Providence and the Spirit of God The fellowship of man and God.

..

.6163

.

.

.

.

-65

CHAPTER1.

II.

THE NEW TESTAMENT DOCTRINE OF MAN.INTRODUCTION. (a) The Old Testament foundation(b)(c).

..

. ..

.687

. Anthropology of the later Judaism The chief New Testament conceptions

.

75

2.

THE SYNOPTIC TEACHING OF(a)(b)(c)

JESUS.. .

(d}(e)

broken sonship and the unbroken Fatherhood . . (/) Life beyond death.

The The The The The

historic setting

.

.

. ..

.76.

supreme value of man as the child of Godduty of man as, the child of brotherhood of man.

8083

God

.

.

.

.

.

.

-87 .9199

.

.

3.

THE PAULINE ANTHROPOLOGY.(a)(b)(c}

Psychology

.

.

.

.

.

.

The

sovereignty of sin and death rJeliverance by the Spirit.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

(d)(