The Citizen, Soldier, and Statesman,

8/13/2019 The Citizen, Soldier, and Statesman,

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U. S. GRANT,^.Cifi^or--:$'o('Mci- :^tatOiMiiaii.

H Ulemorial Sketch.

WITH PORTRAIT.

CHICAGO:THOMAS H. BUSH AND COMPANY, 53 WEST VAN BUREN STREET.

1885.


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Ulysses . Qrant,THE CITIZEN, THE SOLDIER, THE STATESMAN.

^ fficmoviatOF HIS LIFE AND HIS SERVICES TO HIS COUNTRY, FROM BOYHOOD

TO THE EXALTED POSITION OF CHIEF MAGISTRATEOF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

TOr.BTHBtt WITH

A FULL AND COMPLETE LIST OF THE HONORS AND SOUVENIRS BESTOWEDUPON HIM BY OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD.

ALSO,

EXTRACTS FROM SPEECHES, LETTERS AND REVIEWS, ETC., ETC.,CAREFULLY SELECTED AND VERIFIED.

IPit^ portrait,

CHICAGO:THOMAS H. BUSH AND COMPANY, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHER ?.

1885.


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Entered, according to Acl of Congress, in the year 18S5, byThomas H. Bush and Company,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

THOMAS H, BUSH AND COMPANY,PRI NTEHS,

83 W. VAN BUREN ST.


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PAGEFrontispiece

Life 5the Field 9White House 20

the World 2329

from Speeches and Messages 32and Press Opinion 35

Scenes 44


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I,

Not ])y the ball or brandSped by a mortal hand

,

Not by the lighning-strokeWhen fiery tempest broke, Not mid the ranks of warFell the great Conqueror.

II.

Unmoved, undismayd,In the crash and carnage of the cannonade, Eye that dimmed not, hand that failed not,Brain that swerved not, heart that quailed not,8teel nerve, iron form. The dauntless spirit that o'erruled the storm.

III.

While the Hero peaceful sleptA foeman to his chamber crept,Lightly to the slumberer came,Touched his brow and breathed his name :O'er the stricken form there passedSuddenly an icy blast.

IV.The Hero woke : rose undismaydSaluted Deathand sheathed his blade.

V.The Conqueror of a hundred fieldsTo a mightier Conqueror yields ;No mortal foeman' s blowLaid the great Soldier lowVictor in his latest breath Vanciuished but by death. Francis F. Browne.


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EARL Y LIFE.

ENERAL GRANT is dead, and a nation looksmournfully on the dust of him who was, but is not.One by one the silvered heads of the old war lead-

ers are dropping before the scythe of thegrim reaper, ancT in a few years, at most, their names andtheir deeds will be but a memory of the past. Of him whohas just fallen it may well be said that he conspicuously illus-trated the possibilities of American citizenship. Born in arank in life but a few degrees removed from poverty, heclimbed the heights to the proud position of chief magistrateof the land, and leaves a name which will grow brighter withthe growing years.

His ancestors were of Scotch stock, and from them he un-doubtedly inherited that firmness of will which carried himvidoriously over so many hard-fought fields. He was bornon the 27th of April, 1822, at Point Pleasant, Ohio. A yearafterward, his parents removed to Georgetown, in the sameState, where his boyhood was passed. At 17 he received anappointment to West Point, and there acquired the militaryeducation which fitted him for the distinguished commands hesubsequently held. During the four years of study there he


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ULYSSES S. GRANT.noted for his lo\-c of mathematics and riding, and his care-

in matters of dress. Not that he was at all slovenlyhis personal appearance, but he did not always conform tostandard of primness which characterizes that governmen-institution. He was graduated in 1843, twenty-first in aof thirtv-nine, amono;- whom were a number who afterdistinguished themselves in various commands on bothin the war of the rebellion.

General Grant's life of real service in the army began onof July, 1S43, when he was attached to the Fourth Infantry,

ith the rank of Brevet Second Lieutenant. At that time thewere ripening which brought on the Mexican war, and

1845 his regiment was sent to Corpus Christi, at the mouththe Nueces river, in Texas. Here the regiment becamepart of the expeditionary force, which, under Rough-and-

' Zachary Taylor, inaugurated the war. There werepoints of similarity in the chara6i:er of the callowand the grim old warrior in command, one of which

that neither of them knew when he was beaten ; or, inwords, both possessed that stern tenacity of purposenever let go its grip until the end sought was attained.On the 6th and 7th of May, 1846, the American forcesinto the twin battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de laand although there is no record at hand of the bearing

Lieutenant Grant in these initial struggles with a superiorhis subsequent career affords ample evidence that hehave borne his share of the danger. Palo Alto and Re-gave Taylor control of the Rio Grande, across which

the army moved, and in September fought the bloody


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EARLY LIFE.battle of Monterey, capturing the town and storming thebishop's palace. In this fierce contest Grant participated, andfrom it learned somethincv of what American soldiers could doag-ainst the odds of numbers and formidable fortifications.

Soon after Monterey, the fourth regiment, with othertroops under Taylor's command, were detached to join thearmy of invasion led by General Scott, which followed thetrack of Cortez to the City of Mexico. Grant was presentat the siege and capture of Vera Cruz, and wdien the forceswere organized for their perilous march into the interior hewas appointed regimental quartermaster, which post he helduntil the close of the war. As a rule the quartermaster is notsupposed to see much of that dangerous neighborhood knownas the front, his duties lying mainly with the wagon-trainsin the rear ; but this young Quartermaster Grant was an en-ergetic, inquisitive sort of a fellow, and whenever the firing in-dicated an engagement he came riding up to know w^hat wasgoing on, and to take a hand in it with the other members ofthe reofimental staff.

At Molino del Rey his gallant behavior attraded the at-tention oi his superior officers, and he was rewarded with abrevet first lieutenancy, but he declined because the casualtiesof the battle gave him his promotion to full first lieutenant.At Chapultepec, with a very slight opportunity for the exer-cise of his fertility of resource and courage, he gained from hisregimental, brigade, and division commanders, the encomiumof having acquitted himself most nobly, and for the sameadion he received the brevet of captain on the ground ofgallant and meritorious conduct.


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8 UL YSSES S. GRANT.After the close of the war he served as captain with his

regiment at \arious points in the United States, and in Au-gust, 1848, he married Miss Dent a sister of his classmate atWest Point, Frederick J. Dent. In 1852 the Fourth Regi-ment was ordered to Oregon, by way of the Isthmus, andhere again, in the face of fell disease, the sterling qualities ofthe coming hero shone out as brightly as in the roar andcrash of battle. On the passage across the isthmus the chol-era broke out, and made fearful ravages in the party. Besidethe soldiers were a number of passengers who secured all avail-able means of transportation and moved on, leaving Grant inthat paradise of miasma with the sick and dead. He remainedthere a week, toiling, like the hero he was, for the comfort ofthe stricken ones, directing, with fine executive ability, the af-fairs of the camp, and by his display of courage and determi-nation curbing the turbulent natives. Of the one hundred andfifty who composed the party, seventy-five survived the dis-ease, and these Grant carried through to the Pacific in safety.

After serving with his regiment in Oregon until the sum-mer of 1854, ^^ resigned from the army, and established him-self and family on a small farm near St. Louis. This ventureproving unprofitable, he became a money collector, and sub-sequently entered into the leather and saddlery business withhis father, at Galena, Illinois.


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IN THE FIELD. 9

ill iht j|feM.

N 1 861 the booming of the cannon battering FortSumter echoed over the land, and a blaze of martialenthusiasm sprang out among the people.Away off in the remote city of Galena the sound came tothe ears of the plain leather-dealer, and roused not only thedormant spirit of the soldier, but the righteous indignation ofthe patriot; and without a moment's delay he tendered hisservices to the government. Possessed, by his West Pointeducation, of a thorough knowledge of the military art, thisman, who afterward skillfully maneuvered 1,000,000 soldiers,modestly thought he had sufficient ability to command a regi-ment Raising a company in his own neighborhood, he pro-ceeded with it to Springfield, where, upon the recommendationof E. B. Washburne, then a member of congress from Illinois,he was appointed by Governor Yates adjutant general of thestate. Having succeeded in the difficult task of organizingthe state troops, he proceeded to Cincinnati for the purpose ofsecuring a staff appointment under McClellan, but failed, andreturning to Springfield he was commissioned as colonel ofthe Twenty-first Illinois infantry. Reducing the somewhatunruly organization to a state of admirable discipline, he


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1(1 ULVSSBS S. GRANT.marched them to Ouincy, which was then supposed to be indanger from a raid by confederates in Missouri. While on theline of the Mississippi river, in this vicinity, the Twenty-firstwas brigaded with other troops, and Grant, though the young-est colonel, was selected as commander of the brigade. InAugust he received a commission as brigadier general, andwas assigned to the command of the Distri6l of SoutheastMissourri, with headquarters at Cairo, 111. This was a dis-trid: of the first importance in the west, and it gave the youngbrigadier an independence of a6lion which he retained in hisvarious commands to the close of the war. His first movewas the occupation of Paducah, Ky. , at the mouth of theTennessee river, which gave him command of the embouchureof an artery leading into the vitals of the confederacy. As astrategic movement it gave promise of that foresight and en-ergy which characterized his whole subsequent career. InNovember, 1861, Grant fought the battle of Belmont, theinitial fight of that series of contests which, beginning on theMississippi, curved around through a dozen states, and closedin North Carolina more than three years afterward, almostwithin hearing of the surf of the Atlantic.The next important operation in which he engaged wasthe campaign against Forts Henry and Donelson. It is notnecessary to go into a description of these battles, which open-ed up the Tennessee and the Cumberland to the Union armies;but the a6tion at Donelson gives us a further insight into hischaracter as a soldier. When his lines had been driven backwith fearful slaughter, and the momentum of the enemy's onsetwas exhausted, he direded a vigorous advance, and the result


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IN THE FIELD. 11was the surrender of the fort. This battle also afforded anillustration of his readiness in penetrating the the plans of hisadversary. All the prisoners captured in the rush of the ene-my were found possessed of full haversacks, and his mind leapedinstantly to the conclusion that it was the confederates' inten-tion to abandon the fort, and with it necessarily the long lineof fortifications constituting- the northern defensive line of theconfederacy in Kentucky.

Pushing: on at once through the broken line of defense, wefind Grant at Shiloh in the early days of April, confronting theconfederate army of Beauregard, and Albert Sidney Johnstona few miles in his front at Corinth, Mississippi. Across thebreadth of two great states he had marched, and the magnitudeof the war had been made apparent to the country. The con-federacy had been almost cut asunder by his bold forwardmovement, and but the length of one state lay between himand the gulf

Whole libraries have been written upon this notable battle,but nothing has changed the fad that it began with a surprise,that its first day was a monumental exhibition of the poltroon-ery of some and the heroic gallantry of the little band thatconfronted the confederate surge until night and Buell came,and that its second day saw Johnston dead and Beauregardstaggering back to his works at Corinth. At no time in hiscareer did Grant's bull-dog tenacity show so strongly as atthe close of the first day at Shiloh. Whipped, driven back stepby step to a last position on the bank of the river that foamedat his back, he coolly took a survey of the desperate situationand ordered an advance at daylight on the exultant enemy.


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12 ULYSSES S. GRANT.Aficr Shiloh the great leader was under a temporary cloud

which obscured his prospe6ls until Halleck, who assumed com-niand, (\\v^ liis slow way into Corinth, when Grant was againleft at hberty to plan and work out his campaigns. With hiseye on Vicksburg as an objective, he incidentally fought thebattles of luka and Corinth, and was compelled to fall backtemporarily by the capture of his base of supplies at HollySi)rings, through the cowardice or incompetency of the officerin command at that point.

The struggle for Vicksburg was a fine illustration ofnearly all the features of Grant's charader which stamphim as a great captain. Comprehensive strategy, celerity ofmovement, combinations of times and forces, fertility of re-sources, indomitable persistence against apparently insur-mountable obstacles, recuperation from mishaps which wouldhave overwhelmed an ordinary commander, all found a placein his movements on this Gibraltar of America, and whenthe sun rose on that Fourth of July which witnessed Lee'sretreat from Gettysburg, Grant was marching into a conqueredicksburg, and the Mississippi ran unvexed to the sea.After the fall of Vicksburg Grant's command was enlargedinclude the departments of the Ohio, the Cumberland, andTennessee, which covered nine states and portions of states,from the Alleghanies to the Mississippi. In Sep-

1862, Rosecrans was defeated at Chickamauga, andinto Chattanooga, where his soldiers were starved intoatmospheric thinness by the confederates who occupiedadjacent heights. To this beleaguered point Grant hast-with relief, not only in the form of troops, but in the


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IN THE FIELD. 13elements within that capacious brain which had solved theproblem before he reached the scene of action.

At Chattanooga Grant's strategic combinations were rap-idly worked out, and the battles of Lookout Mountainand Mission Ridge sent Bragg and his shattered armyflying across the hills of northwestern Georgia. Thomashad held out, and his lean soldiers were permitted to fat-ten up on full rations.

It was now the winter of 1863-4 ari


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IN THE FIELD. 15ginia, and recognizing this fa6l, Grant placed himself at thehead of the Army of the Potomac, and inaugurated the cam-paign which stands without parallel in military history. Hisantagonist was Gen. Robert E. Lee, than whom the con-federacy produced no abler commander. Among the generalswhom he had out-maneuvered and out-fought were McClellan,Pope, Burnside, and Hooker. It is true Meade had success-fully resisted Lee at Gettysburg, but in strategy, in tacticswith the one error of Pickett's charge at Gettysburgtherewas no comparison between the two commanders.On the other hand, Grant had shown himself superior as ageneral to Pillow and Buckner at Donelson, to Beauregardand Albert Sidney Johnston at Shiloh, to Pemberton and JoeJohnston at Vicksburg and Jackson, and to Bragg at Chat-tanooga. There was a dramatic harmony in the decree of fatewhich brought face to face at the close of the war the two gen-erals who had, of all others, maintained their own against allopponents.

So at the opening of the spring in 1864 we find Grant onthe Rapidan, with a veteran army of some 120,000 men look-ing across that yellow stream at the confederate army, andplanning for its destru6fion.

It is not belittling Sherman to say that the campaign whichthat gifted commander conduced was a secondary affair tothe titanic struggle in Virginia. The heart of the confederacywas in the Old Dominion, and here the crucial test was tobe applied.

In pursuance of his policy of fighting the war out in thiscampaign. Grant directed his subordinate commanders to


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Iti UL YSSES S, GRANT. keep the enemy in sight all the time, and this was the key-note of the operations of the armies.On the 4th of May, 1864, the Army of the Potomac movedto and across the Rapidan, turning Lee' s right flank. Promptlyavailing himself of the opportunity of entangling his opponentin the gloomy ravines of the Wilderness, Lee struck at themarching column and the desperate struggle began. Twodays of slaughter in the wilderness resulted in a drawn battle,and in accordance with established precedent the northernarmy should have withdrawn. On the contrary, when Grantdiscovered that the enemy had been fought to a stand-still, hedirected the army forward into the carnage of Spottsylvania.This was the beginning of that series of flank movementswhich finally shut the confederate army up in Petersburg,from which it emerged only to surrender.Keeping the enemy constantly in sight Grant movedforward through the terrific campaign, flanking and fightingthrough the battles on the North Anna, Tolopotomy, and atCold Harbor, until the immediate defenses of Richmond werereached. The desperate fighting of the confederate army atevery point demonstrated the fact that hammering wasthe correct solution of the problem. In no other way couldresistance be crushed.

From Cold Harbor he moved south across the James, anddrew his lines about Petersburg, where Lee was found withhis whole force.

In the overland campaign Grant had lost some sixty oreighty thousand men, and had inflicted on the enemy a lossof, perhaps, forty thousand. The cat-tail policy was being


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IN THE FIELD. 17worked out, and its correctness was exhibited in the thin lint^swith which Lee was compelled to man his fortifications. Atthis point the engineer element in the southern army wasbrought forward, and behind triple rows of abattis, chevaux defrise, and earthworks, where one man was equal to a dozen inthe open field in front, Lee bade defiance to his merciless an-tagonist. Months of thrust and parry followed, carrying thesiege through 1864 and into the spring months of 1865.

In the meantime Sherman had forged across Georgia tosea and wheeled to the north in that magnificent march, andhis drums and bugles were heard pealing out their loud chal-lenge in the forests of the Carolinas. Raids up the Shenandoahvalley to the rear of Washington had failed to loosen Grant'sgrip on the throat of the confederacy ; propositions to super-sede him by Sherman and others had drawn from the silentsoldier no word of remonstrance ; the impatient clamor of thepopulace fell on his inattentive ear, because he knew he wasthrotding the larynx of the rebellion at Petersburg, and, hav-ing done all that mortal man could do, he was content to abidethe issue. Confident in his genius, grim as the King of Ter-rors in the execution of his plans, knowing he was right, heleft all else to Providence and the eternal justice of the causeof which he was the acknowledged champion. There is hardlyin historyexcept the spectacle of the blind, uncomplainingBelisariusa parallel with the patience and fortitude exhibitedby General Grant during the siege of Petersburg. On the onehand Sherman came marching through states as if they weremere townships, and the populace, without the militaryknowledge which could comprehend the whole situation.


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18 ULYSSES S. GRANT.clamored for commensurate adion by Grant. On the otherhand, Grant stood charged with not only the protedion ofWashington, but the permanent overthrow of the confederatearmies which menaced it, and in the popular view he had ac-complished nothing more than McClellan had accomplishedin 1862 in his fruidess campaign against Richmond. Underthese circumstances an ordinary commander would havedashed his soldiers at the impregnable fortifications and diedas the ratdesnake diesby heroic suicide. But Grant was ola higher order of genius and patriotism. As silently as hebore obscuration after Shiloh, he would have endured removalat Petersburg, and fortunate it was for him and the countrythat Lincoln never doubted him after Vicksburg.

The winter months of 1864-5 wore on and there was noemergence from the dead-lock at Petersburg, but in the publicmind was visible a dim appreciation of the possibilities whichmight grow out of the gigantic struggle in Virginia. WithLee held in that terrible hug, and Sherman driving beforehim to the north the scattered resistance of the confederacy,men began to look forward to a time when organized rebellionwould be crushed. ^ The plans which the great leader hadmade a year before were bearing fruit, and no one knew sowell as the taciturn chieftain at City Point how near was theend.

In the last days of March, 1865, Lee made a desperate lungeat the union works which hemmed him in, but the breach wasquickly repaired, and Grant began the final movement whichoverthrew the rebellion. When he turned Lee's right flankat Five Forks and crumbled up that wing of the confederate


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IN THE FIELD. 19army, the southern commander at once evaculated Petersburgand Richmond and set out on the despairing race which endedat Appomattox. From a state of patient waiting in front of theconfederate fortress Grant passed at once into a condition oftremendous a6fivity and prosecuted the merciless chase withan energy that never tired.

The 9th of April came, and when the ragged remnant ofthe army of northern Virginia moved out for its last day ofmarching and fighting, they found General Grant's troopsstretched across their line of retreat.

It was the end.


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20 UL YSSES S. GRANT.

HEN the volunteer armies were disbanded, Gen-eral Grant established his headquarters at Wash-ington, and on July 25, 1866, he was commis-sioned by Congress General of the United States

Army, an exalted rank created especially for him. WhenPresident Johnson suspended Stanton from the post of Secre-tary of War on the 12th of August, 1867, ^^^ appointed Gen-eral Grant ad interim Secretary of War, which place he filleduntil January 14 of the following year, when, the Senate hav-ing refused to sandion the removal of Stanton, the office re-verted to the latter. Grant's reticence on political matterswas such that the country was completely in the dark as tohis opinions, but it was well known to some of his intimatefriends that he was a republican in principle. He was gen-erally looked upon, however, as the coming man, and on May21, 1868, he received the nomination for President at thehands of the Republican National Convention, in session atChicago. He defeated his democratic competitor, ex-Gover-nor Seymour, of New York, by a decided majority, and wasinaugurated on the 4th of March, 1869.The regular Republican Convention at Philadelphia, June


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THE WHITE HO USE. 215th, 1872, renominated General Grant by acclamation, andput Henry Wilson on the ticket for Vice President. A briefletter of acceptance was dated June 10, in which the candidatefor President said : If elected in November and protected bya kind Providence in health and strength, I promise the samezeal and devotion to the good of the whole people for the fu-ture of my official life as shown in the past. Past experiencemay guide me in avoiding mistakes inevitable with novices inall professions and all occupations. He expressed the hopeof leaving to his successor, whether at the end of that oranother term of office, a country at peace within its ownborders, at peace with outside nations, with a credit at homeand abroad, and without embarrassing questions to threatenits future prosperity. He received a popular majority at theeledion in November of 762,991, and the Eledoral votes ofall the States except Georgia, Kentucky. Maryland, Missouri,Tennessee and Texas.

The principal measure of his administration was the settle-ment by arbitration of the claims against England on accountof the depredations of the confederate cruiser Alabama. Dur-ing his incumbency an attempt was made to secure a navalstation for the United States on the island of San Domingo,but Congress refused to ratify the .purchase. Soon after theexpiration of his last term as president he made a tour of theworld, and was received by monarchs and people with thehonors due to his fame as a military commander and ruler.On his return to America his name was pressed as a candidatefor a third term, but he was defeated in the presidential con-vention of 1880, and retired to private life. Engaging in bus-


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')) UL YSSES S. GRANT.incss in New York, his name was brought prominently beforethe public through the rascality of his partners, but the oldhero's fome was unsmirched. A short time before his deathhe was retired on full pay as general of the army, as a rewardfor the distinguished services he had rendered his countryand going down into the dark valley the last words that cameto his dulled ears were those of his grateful countrymenWell done, good and faithful servant.


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AROUND THE WORLD. 23

RESIDENT GRANT'S last term of public serviceexpired March 4, 1877. For sixteen years he hadbeen incessantly engrossed with military or national^ affairs, and with extreme relief he laid aside

his weighty responsibilities. To gratify a long-cherished wishhe decided to seek relaxation in foreign travel. After being-accorded high honors at various cities, he sailed from Phila-delphia on May 17, accompanied by Mrs. Grant and their sonJesse. At the moment of his departure he received a telegramfrom President Hayes wishing him safety and good fortune.He closed his reply by saying that he hoped to return to hiscountry to find it prosperous in business, and with cordialfeelings renewed between all sections. The vessel uponwhich he sailed was escorted to deep water by a flotilla otsteamers and sailing craft, many of the most distinguishedmen of the nation being on board. On May 23, Secretary ofState Evarts isued a circular letter to the diplomatic officers otthe United States in every part of the world, notifying themof General Grant's departure, and requesting them to showhim ' ' that attention and consideration which is due from everyofficer of the government to a citizen of the republic so signally


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24 UL YSSES S. GRANT.disting-uished both in official service and personal renown.

On May 27 the vessel arrived in Oueenstown harbor, wherea delegation of Irish crentlemen came on board and welcomedGeneral Grant to Ireland with the most sincere cordiality.

He was welcomed to the shores of England by the mayorof Liverpool, who declared himself proud of the privilege ofextending hospitalities to so distinguished a citizen of theUnited States. ' ' Wherever he halted public receptions weretendered him, and every evidence of respect and esteem weremanifested.

After receiving many exceptional honors, the ex-presidentand his family were invited by Queen Victoria to visit Wind-sor castle. They arrived there on the 26th of June, and werewelcomed by the queen and her court in a becoming manner.After visiting many points of interest in London and vicinity.General Grant and family took a run over to Belgium.

The municipal and military authorities of Ostend congratu-lated him on his arrival, and at the king's command a specialtrain awaited to convey him to Brussels. At that city he wascalled upon at his hotel by the king. At Geneva he officiatedin laying the corner stone of the American Episcopal church,in compliance with a request to that effect, assisted by thevice president of the council of state of Switzerland. A visitto Mont Blanc succeeded, which was illuminated in honor ofthe occasion, and the wonderful scenes of that grand moun-tain region were viewed to unusual advantage. The partythen crossing the Simplon pass, made a tour of the northernpart of Italy. On the 31st of August they reached Edinburghand were received by the lord provost. In the Free Assembly


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AROUND THE WORLD. 25hall, in the presence of thousands, the general was presentedwith the freedom of the city. Subsequently he visited all theinteresting places in and about that beautiful metropolis. Hestrolled through those parts of town that have become familiarto all readers of Scott's prose and poetry, as well as visitedthe castle and Holyrood palace, meeting many distinguishedmilitary men and noted civilians. An excursion followed toDundee, Tayport, Melrose, and Abbotsford. On Sept. 4 thegeneral was the guest of the duke of Sutherland at his statelyhome near Dunrobin; and at Castle Grant was the guest of theearl of Seafield, the traditional head of the Scottish clan ofGrant. After a visit to the home of Burns, the general wasthe guest of the duke Argyll at Inverary castle, and formed agreat friendship for that humane and intelligent nobleman.The general visited the home of Shakspeare, and other his-toric scenes, and then set out for Paris. He was welcomed byPresident MacMahon. His reception was extremely cordial.The marshal greeted him as a comrade and a fellow-soldier,and the interview was so pleasant that many subsequent andinformal ones occurred. After sojourning a month at theFrench capital and visiting its many objects of grandeur, thedistinguished tourists set out for the south of France, and onDec. 17 cast anchor in the beautiful bay of Naples. An ascentof Mount Vesuvius and an excursion to Pompeii having beenaccomplished and many attentions having been extended bythe Italian authorities, a voyage was made to Palermo. Hepassed Christmas day on board the Vandalia, and the crewsof German and English ships loudly cheered him as they sailedby. After various delightful wanderings along the shores of the


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26 UL YSSES S. GRANT.Mediterranean, the Nile was ascended, and on Jan. 5. 1878,the tourists arrived at Alexandria, Egypt. At Cairo thekhedive placed a palace at their disposal, and omitted nothingto render their stay in his dominions a bright page in theannals of their lengthy journey. After doing the sights ofEgypt thoroughly, the Holy land was next visited. The an-cient town of Jaffa was decorated in their honor, and at Jeru-salem a formal reception awaited them. On the 5th of Marchthey reached Constantinople, where the sultan vied with pre-ceeding rulers in tendering graceful hospitalities. Greece,Rome, Florence, Venice, and Milan successively gratifiedtheir curiosity. Everywhere honors were freely accorded,much in the manner that had characterized their arrival atother scenes. The opening of the Paris exhibition on May 11found Gen. Grant among the dignitaries present, after whichhe made a tour of Holland, and thence proceeded to Berlin,where he met Prince Bismarck. Glad to welcome PresidentGrant to Germany, exclaimed the famous chancellor, shakinghis hand cordially. There is no incident in my Germantour, replied Grant, that is more interesting to me thanmeeting Prince Bismarck. Grant remarked to a friend : Iam glad I have seen Bismarck. He is a man whose mannerand bearing fully justify the opinions one forms of him.During the stay of the party in Berlin many public demon-strations took place in their honor.

Fully satiated with European scenes and excitements, theypassed through the Suez canal and enjoyed a prosperous voy-age to Calcutta viewing the glories of the orient under pecul-iarly advantageous circumstances. At Rangoon, the princi-


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AROUND THE WORLD. 27pal city of Burmah, two British men-of-war were found ridingat anchor with yards manned and decorations displayed. Theofficial reception was novel and magnificent. After visitingthe Golden Pagoda and other renowed localities, the ex-pre-sident and his family sailed dire6l for Hong Kong. On June 14they reached the city of Pekin. The general was immediatelywaited upon by the members of the Chinese cabinet in a body,accompanied by the military and civil governors of the miv-nicipality. The emperor being a child of 7 years. Prince Kung,the prince regent of the empire and brother of the late em-peror, dispatched a deputation to invite Gen. Grant to anaudience. The following afternoon was named. Attended bya party of friends the general appeared at the palace. PrinceKung awaited with his ministers and saluted his guest in Tartarfashion by looking at him for a moment with an earnest, curiousgaze, as though he had formed an ideal of some kind and wasanxious to see how far it was realized. He had evidently ex-pected a person in gaudy .uniform with a lion-like air ; but in-stead found a self-possessed, middle-aged gentleman in even-ing dress. A great feast soon followed. At every point inChina he visited he was the recipient of most courteous atten-tions. Arriving at Yokohama, Japan, on the 3d of July, aremarkable pageant was presented in the harbor. Vessels ofwar from almost every civilized nation flung their bunting tothe breeze and volleys of artillery rent the air. An imperialbarge conveyed the party to the shore, and they were receivedby the princes, ministers, and high officials of the empire. Aspecial train was in readiness, and in an hour they reached thecity of Tokio, the capital, where a palace was assigned for


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UL YSSES S. GRANT.their occupancy. With a refinement of courtesy, the Japanesehad timed his arrival at Yokohama on the 3d of July, in orderthat Gen. Grant might be received by the emperor on theanniversary of American independence. Bands played thenational airs of the United States. At the audience that fol-lowed the emperor shook hands with the general, an honorheretofore unknown to the ancient customs of the empire.The empress and Mrs. Grant also exchanged compliments in aformal manner. After most enjoyable experiences in Japan,Gen. Grant and family sailed from Yokohama to San Fran-cisco on the 2d of September, 1879.


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SOUVENIRS. 9f)

i0iitteiiir^.

HE following is a list of the various mementosof the military and official career of GeneralGrant, together with the addresses and objects of

value and art presented to the Generalduring his triumphal trip around the world :

Mexican onyx cabinet, presented by the people of Pueblo, Mexico.Aerolite, part of which passed over Mexico in 1871.Bronze vases, presented by the Japanese citizens of Yokohama, Japan.Marble bust and pedestal, presented by workingmen of Philadelphia.Gen. Grant and Family, painted by Coggswell.Large elephant tusks, presented by the king of Siam.Small elephant tusks, from the maharajah of Jehore.Picture of Gen. Scott (by Page), presented by the City of New York.Crackleware bowls (very old), presented by Prince Koohn, of China.Chinese porcelain jars (old), presented by Li Hung Chang.Arabian bible and Coptic bible, presented by Lord Napier, who captured them

with King Theodore, of Abyssinia.Sporting rifle and sword of Donelson, presented to Gen. Grant after the fall of

Fort Donelson by officers of the amy, and used by him until the end of the warNew York sword, voted to Gen. Grant by the citizens of New York, at the fairheld in New York.

Sword of Chattanooga, presented to Gen, Grant by the citizens of Jo Daviesscounty. Galena, 111., after the battle of Chattanooga.Roman mug and pitcher, silver menu and card, farewell dinner at San Fran-cisco, Cal.Silver menu, Paris dinner.

Horn and silver snuff box and silver match box used by Gen. Grant.


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80 UL YSSES S. GRANT.Gilt tii))l(.'. inofU'lcd after the table in Mr. McClean's house, in which Gen. R. E.

J.,ce sifrncd tJie articles of surrender. This was presented to Gen. Grant by ex-con-fcderate soldiers.

CJold cipir case (enameled), presented by the celestial king of Siani.(iilt cij^'ar case (plain), presented by the second king of Siam.Gilt-handled knife, presented by the miners of Idaho territory.Nine pieces of Jade stone, presented by Prince Koohn, of China.Silver trowel, used by Gen. Grant in the laying of the corner-stone of the Amer-

ican Museum of Natural History.Knife, made at Shetlield, England for Gen. Grant. .Embroidered pictures, cock and hen, presented to Gen. Grant by citizens of.hii>an.Field-glasses, iised by Gen. Grant during the war.Iron-headed cane, made from the rebel ram Merrimac.Silver-headed cane, made out of wood used in the defense of Fort Sumter.Gold-headed cane, made out of wood from old Fort Duquesne, Pa.Gold-headed cane, presented to Gen. Grant as a tribute of regard for his humane

treatment of the soldiers and kind consideration of those who ministered to the sickand woiuided during the war.

(;old-headed cane, used by Lafayette, and presented to Gen. Grant by the ladiesof Baltimore, Md.Carved-wood cane, from the estate of Sir Walter Scott.

Uniform of general of the United States army.Fifteen buttons, cut from coats worn during the war.Hat ornament used at Belmont.Hat ornament, used at Fort Donelson.Shoulder-strap (brigadier-general's), cut from the coat used by Gen. Grant in thecampaigns against Richmond and Petersburg and Lee's army.Shoulder-strap (lieutenant-general's), cut from Gen. Grant's coat.Pair of gilt straps, cut from the coat of Gen. Grant, used after the war.Medal from the American congress (gold), for the opening of the Mississippi.Gilt medal, from Pliiladelphia.Badges, army and corps.Twenty-one medals, gilt and silver, and ten medals, silver and brass, sent to

(ren. Cirant at different times.Fourteen medals, in memory of events.Silk paper, Louisville Commercial, printed for Gen. Grant.Silk Daily Chronicle and Burlington Hawkeye, printed for Gen. Grant.Collection of .Japanese coins. This is the only complete set, except one, which

is in the Japanese treasury. The value of this set is $5,000. Presented by the gov-ernor of Japan.All the military commissions of Gen. Grant.


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SOUVENIRS. 31Commission as honorary member M. L. A. of San Francisco.Commission as member of Sacramento Society of Pioneers.Commission as member of the Royal Historical society.Commission as member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion.Commission as member of the Aztec chib.Certificate of election as president of the United States of America.Certificate of Re-election.Certificate as honorary member of the Territorial Pioneers of California.Certificate as honorary member of St. Andrew's society.Certificate of election as LL. D. of Harvard College.Certificate as honorary member of the Sacramento Society of the Pioneers of

CaliforniaCertificate as honorary member of the Mercantile library of San Francisco.The freedom of cities in England, Ireland, Scotland, including London, Edin-

burgh, Glasgow, and Dublin, and other parts of the world.Addresses to Gen. Grant from various chambers of commerce and worlvingmen's

societies all over the world.Resolutions of the Territorial Pioneers admitting Gen. Grant to membership.Resolutions of the Caledonian club, of San Francisco, admitting Gen. Grant as

honorary member.Resolutions of the citizens of Jo Daviess county in presenting to Gen. Grant the

sword of Chattanooga.Resolutions of the Washington camp, of Brooklyn, L. I.Resolutions embodying the first thanks of the congress of the United States.Resolutions inviting Gen. Grant to visit the house of representatives of the

commonwealth of the state of Pennsylvania.Resolutions embodying the second thanks of the congress of the United States.Letter from the citizens of Jersey City thanking Gen. Grant for his Des Moines

(Iowa) speech on the question of the public schools.Resolutions at the presentation of the silver medal by the Union League club.

of Philadelphia, for gallantry and distinguished services.Resolutions accompanying the vote of thanks by congress to Gen. Grant.Other resolutions and addresses presented to Gen Grant on his receiving the

freedom of the city.


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32 UL YSSES S. GRANT.

xl:rcBct5 fVam #^^ififlties #J^H^agE^^.IThere are many men who would have done far better than I did under the

circuinstances in which I found myself during the war. If I had never held com-mand ; if I had fallen ; if all our generals had fallen, there were 10,000 behind uswho would have done our work just as well, who would have followed the contestto the end and never surrendered the union. Therefore, it is a mistake and a reflec-tion upon the people to attribute to me, or to any number of us who held high com-mands, the salvation of the union. We did our work as well as we could, and sodid hundreds of thousands of others. We deserved no credit for it, for we shouldhave been unworthy of our country and of the American name if we had not madeevery sacrifice to save the union. Speech at Hamburg.When one gets to see the nations of the world he begins to appreciate the ines-timable value of our broad acres and the great energy of our people. It affords mevery great satisfaction and pleasure to receive the gentlemen who were, long ago,opposed to us, and I hope if this country ever sees another war Ave shall all be to-gether, under one flag, fighting a common enemy. To Confederate Soldiers at SanFrancisco.

We will not deny to any of those who fought against us any privileges which Aveclaim for ourselves ; on the contrary, Ave Avelconie all such Avho come forAvard ingood faith to help build up the waste places, and to perpetuate our institutions asbrothers in full interest with us in a common heritage ; but Ave are not prepared toapologize for the part we took in the wkr.Speech at Des Moines, 1875.

With the expression of a desire to see a speedy healing of all bitterness of feel-ing betAveen sections, i)arties, or races of citizens, and the time when the title citi-zen carries Avith it all the protection and privileges to the humblest that it does tothe most exalted, I subscribe myself, very respectfully, your obedient servant,U. S. Grant.Letter of Acceptance, 1872.

Let us all labor to add all needful guaranties for the more perfect security offree thought, free speech, and free press, pure morals, unfettered religious senti-ments, and of equal rights and privileges to all men, irrespective of nationality,color, or religion.>>frc/t at Des Moines.


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EXTRACTS. * 33The present system of appointments does not secure the best men, and often not

even fit men for public place. The elevation and purification of the civil service ofthe government will be hailed with approval by the whole people of the country.^Second Annual Message, 1870.

What saved the union was the coming forward of the young men of the nation-They came from their homes and fields, as they did in time of the revolution, givingeverything to the country. To their devotion we owe the salvation of the union.Speech at Hamburg.

The humblest soldier who carried a musket is entitled to as much credit for theresults of the war as those who were in command. So long as our young men areanimated by this spirit there will be no fear for the union.Speech at Hamburg.

I, Ulysses S. Grant, call attention to the act of congress and direct that no re-duction be made in the wages paid to workingmen and mechanics on accountof the reduction of the hours of labor. Proclamation, Mag 11, 1872.

It is my conviction that the civilized world is tending toward government by thepeople through their chosen representatives, and that our own great republic isdestined to be the guiding star to all others. Second Inaugural.

A piire, untrammeled ballot, where every man entitled to cast a vote may do so,just once, at each election, without fear of molestation, or proscription on accountof his political faith, nativity, or color. Second Annual Message.

Although a soldier by education and profession, I have never felt any fondnessfor war, and I have never advocated it, except as a means of peace. Heply to theLord Mayor of London.

I call your attention to one abuse of long standing which I would like to seeremedied by this congress. It is a reform in the civil service of the country. SecondMessage, 1870.

A nation that cannot give protection to the life, property, and all guaranteedcivil rights of the citizen is a failure. Letter on South Carolina Affairs, July 26, 1876.

When education is generally diffused we may feel assured of the permanencyand perpetuity of our institutions..Sjjc^'c/i at Oakland.The free school is the promoter of that intelligence which is to preserve us a free

nation. Speech at Des Moines, November, 1875.We are a republic whereof one man is as good as another before the law. Sixth

Annual Message.

Among the many writings of the dead General during hislong illness the following remarkable document had been kept


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84 UL YSSES S. GRANT.religiously secret by Dr. Douglas until July 26, when he con-sented to its publication, explaining- that General Grant wroteit in his presence on Thursday, July 2.

I ask you not to show this to any one, unless to the physicians you consult with,\nUil the oiul. Particularly I want it kept from my family. If known to one manthe pajters will get it. It would only distress them almost beyond endurance toknow it, and by reflex would distress me. I have not changed my mind materiallysince I wrote you before in the same strain. Now, however, I know that I gainstrength some days, but when I do go back it is beyond wliere I started to improve.I think the chances are very decidedly in favor of your being able to keep me aliveuntil the change of weather toward winter. Of course there are contingencies thatmight arise at any time that would carry me off very suddenly. The most probableof those is choking. Under the circumstances life is worth the living. I am verythankful (for thankful glad was written, but scratched out and thankfulsubstituted) to have been spared this long, because it has enabled me to practicallycomplete the work in which I take so much interest. I cannot stir up strengthenough to renew it and make additions and subtractions that would suggest them-selves to me, and are not likely to suggest themselves to any one else. Under thealjove circumstances I will be the happiest the most pain I can avoid. If there is toIje any extraordinary cure, as some people believe there is to be, it will developitself. 1 would say, therefore, to you and your colleagues, to make me as comfort-able as you can. If it is within God's providence that I should go now, I am readyto obey His call without a murmur. I should prefer going now to enduring myl>resent suifering for a single day without hope of recovery. As I have stated, I amthankful for the providential extension of my time to enable me to continue mywork. I am further thankful, and in a greater degree thankful, because it has en-a]>led me to see for myself the happy harmony which has so suddenly sprung upIx-tween those engaged but a few years ago in deadly conflict. It has been an in-estimable blessing to me to hear the kind expressions toward me in person from allparts ofour country ; from people of all nationalities, of all religions and of no re-ligion ; of Con federates and national troops alike; of soldiers' organizations; ofmechanical, scientilic, religious and other societies, embracing almost every citizenin the land. They have brought joy to my heart, if they have not eflfected a cure.So, to you and your colleagues, I acknowledge my indebtedness for having broughtme through the valley of the shadow of death to enable me to witness these things.Mount McGregor, x\. Y., July 2, 1885. U. S. GRANT.


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PERSONAL AND PRESS OPINION. 35

James G. Blaine, in his Twenty Years in Congress, thusspeaks of General Grant

He had entered the service with no factitious advantages, and his promotionfrom the first to the last had been based on merit alonewithout the aid of politicalinfluence, without the interposition of personal friends. Criticism of military skillis but idle chatter in the face of an unbroken career of victory, and Gen. Grant'scampaigns have varied in their reqiurenaents, and, but for the fertility of his re-sourses and his unbending will, might often havcTesulted in disaster. Courage is ascontagious as fear, and Gen. Grant possessed in the highest degree that faculty whichis essential to all great commandersthe laculty of imparting throughcnit the rankand file of his army the same determination to win with which he was always him-self inspired. One peculiarity of General Grant's military career was his constantreadiness to fight. He wished for no long periods of preparation ; lost no opportu-nity which promptness could turn to advantage. He always accepted, without cavilor question, the position to which he might be assigned. He never troubled theWar department with requests or complaints, and when injustice was inflicted uponhim he submitted silently and did a soldier's duty. Self control is the first requisitefor him who seeks to control others. In that indispensable form of mental disciplineGeneral (^rant exhibited perfection. When he was appointed Lieutenant Generaland placed in command of all the armies of the union he exercised military controlover a greater number of men than any other general since the invention of firearms.In the campaigns of 1S(V1 and 1S65 the armies of the union contained in the aggre-gate not less than a million of men. The movements of all the vast forces were keptin harmony by General Grant's comprehensive mind, and in the grand consumma-tion, which insured union and liberty, his name became inseparably associated withthe true glory of his country.

I wish to do simple justice to General Grant when Isay that his adion toward my army is without a parallel


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3G UL YSSES S. GRANT.in the annals of nations. When my poor soldiers, with fam-ished faces, having neither food nor raiment, hungry and foot-sore, came before liim in the hour of surrender, it was thenthat General Grant gave the humane order that forty thousandrations should be given to them. And that was not all. Iwas giving orders to one of my subordinate officers, who wasmaking out a list of the things to be surrendered, and toldhim to include the horses. At that very moment GeneralGrant, who seemed to be paying no attention to what wasgoing on, quickly rose from the camp-stool and said : No,no, General Lee, no surrender of the horses. Not one, notone. Keep them all. Your poor people will need them forthe spring crops. It was a scene never to be forgotten.There was much in Napoleon to awaken admiration, but hishumanity was not to be compared to Grant's. Napoleon'schief glory was glory, mere glory. Grant's action is distin-guished by his simplicity and strong sense of duty. Napoleondid not hesitate to sacrifice thousands of lives for his own per-sonal gratification. General Grant seems to be a man of selfabnegation, having no end in view but the safety of the causehe detends. The courage of Napoleon cannot maintain aminute's comparison with the calm heroism and sublime mag-nanimity exhibited by General Grant toward my troops andmyself There is one thing about General Grant which I havenoticed as peculiar to himself He never complains of adverseand unmanageable circumstances, but seizes the materials asthey are presented and masters \}[\^m. Ge^ieral R. E. Lee.


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PERSONAL AND PRESS OPINION 37To the litany of suffering and sorrow which in his last sad

experience he was called to repeat, came from North andSouth and East and West the prayerful, tearful, sympa-thetic response. And as it came the cloud was lifted, andback again into his life came the brightness of hope, andconfidence, and joy in God. Out of the fierce furnacefires came fortli the pure gold of his marvelous chara6ler.The clouds gathered about him as clouds about a post-meridian sun, seeming almost to obscure its glory, but shotthrough and through with its inextinguishable splendor, theybecame royal retainers, flaming with crimson and gold, to ac-company it on its triumphal departure. So the cloudschanged about him before his full-orbed descent below life'sline. Great while living, he was greater while dying. Thepeoples' gratitude and admiration to him while in healthdeepened into warmest love during these last painful months.Go, then, illustrious commander, comrade, brother, to thyrest and thy reward. Thou hast fought the good fight, thourun thy course, thou hast kept the faith ; go, then, and re-ceive the crown which God the righteous Judge will placeupon thee. Bishop Eallozvs, at Lake Bluff, July 26.

He was very kind of heart, and it always deeply painedhim to be charged with unfeelingness. They call me abutcher, he said to me once, but do you know, sometimesI could hardly bring myself to give an order of battle? WhenI contemplated the death and misery sure to follow, I stoodappalled. It was only devotion to duty that enabled him toovercome his natural tenderness of heart. His love for the


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38 UL YSSES S. GRANT.comrades who stood with him in battle was deep and far-reach-ing. He used to receive hundreds of letters from old soldiersasking for aid, and none were ever slighted. Soldiers wor-shipped him. As to this latter point, while I was looking af-ter the Grant retirement bill, nothing touched me so much inconnedion with that matter as the thousands of letters I re-ceived from maimed soldiers in all parts of the country, southas well as north, thanking me for my part in the work. Satn-2tcl J. Randall.

r

That R. E. Lee Camp of Confederate Veterans with pro-found sorrow and sincere regret receive the announcement ofthe death of Ulysses S. Grant ; that the people of Virginiawill ever revere and cherish the memory of Ulysses S. Grantas an American soldier and citizen ; that the people of theSouth, and especially the people of Virginia, will always holdin grateful memory his uniform and unvarying kindliness ofpurpose toward this people, and the constancy with which hemaintained the inviolability of the parole which he had grant-ed to General Robert E. Lee and his soldiers at the termina-tion of the late civil strife. Resolutio7i adopted at Richmond,Va., July 2S, '8s.

I am not here to speak for General Grant. No man withhis consent has ever mentioned his name in connexion withany position. I say what I know to be true when I allegethat every promotion he has received since he first enteredthe service was moved without his knowledge or consent.He admonishes me now that he has been highly honored al-


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PERSONAL AND PRESS OPINION 39ready by the government, and does not ask or desire anythingmore in the shape of honors or promotion. Washburne, inthe House, March 2, 1864.

You are Washington's legitimate successor, and occupy aposition of ahiiost dangerous elevation ; but if you continue,as heretofore, to be yourself simple, honest and unpretend-ing you will enjoy through life the love and respect offriends and the homage of millions, who will award you a largeshare in securing to them and their descendants a governmentof law and stability. Sherman to Grant, March, 1864.

To Major-Gen. Grant : I do not remember that you andI ever met personally. I write this now as a grateful acknowl-edgment of the almost inestimable service you have done thecountry. Abraham Liyicoln, July ij, i86j.

His work had been perfe6led. Few men, soldiers or states-men, have ever seen so complete a finish made of their labors.Not only had he completed all the public duties to which hehad been assigned by his countrymen, both in the field and inthe cabinet, but he had written a history of his wars, which,however much its conclusions may be questioned, or even itsstatements challenged, must always remain the most valuablecontribution to history that any adlor on either side could byany possibility have made. Cificinnati Post.

The silent, imperturbable, undramatic man who quietlybided his time ; patient, unhasting, observant ; making his


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40 UL YSSES S. GRANT.dispositions and completing his preparations with so httle ofdemonstration, with so much of reticence, that not seldom hisfriends were only less surprised than the foe when the denoue-ment came. Only the truly great can fully comprehend andappreciate greatness. But even Lincoln himself wrote, Inow wish to make the personal acknowledgment that youwere right and I was wrong. Chicago News.

The character of General Grant was the most transparentof any of our eminent Americans. No man since Washingtonhas been less moved than he by personal ambition. No citizenhas been more thoroughly and unselfishly a patriot. LikeWashington, he did his duty because it was his nature, almosthis religion to do so. General Grant was incapable of deceit,or envy, or malice, or uncharitableness. Bostoii Herald.

In the death of General Grant the country loses Its mostillustrious citizen and the world one of its most distinguishedsoldiers. He was a man single of purpose, incapable of deceitand so warm in his friendships that nothing turned him fromthem. The work which occupied the closing hours of his lifegave him an opportunity to display a fortitude higher than thecourage of the battle-field. St. Louis Republicayi.

He lived long enough to witness the waning of old animos-ities, and to find himself the center of a regard which knewno sedional or party limitations. His fame is secure, and hismonument is the Union which he helped to preserve. BostonJournal.


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PERSONAL AND PRESS OPINION 41Taking him all in all, from his boyhood to his declining-

years, he was an American of whom all Americans might wellbe proud. He was brave and generous and faithful. He neverturned his back on either friend or foe. His services weregreat. There were great honors conferred upon him, and nowthat he is no more all his countrymen, North, South, Eastand West, mourn him. Galveston News.

In our opinion, not only is his One of the few immortalnames that were not born to die, but his is one of the stillfewer names that are entitled to immortality upon earth. Heis not only one of the immortals, but he is one of them byright. He was an Agamemnona King of Men. Rich-7no7id Gazette.

Brethren of the North and South, let us join mournfulhands together around that newly-opened grave, rememberingthat while all earthly goods are evanescent, honor, truth andlove are eternally secure. New Orleaiis Picayune -

The name of General Grant will be remembered by Ameri-cans as that of the savior of their country in a crisis more ap-palling than any it has passed through since the United Statesbecame a nation. New York Times.

The foremost man of the nation has closed a career secondto no other in the history of the republic. The faults of otherswhich he shouldered through life, fall from him at the grave.Nezv York Tribu7ie.


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42 UL YSSES S. GRANT.No man since Lincoln in our time and Washington in a

former epoch will be so deeply mourned. Sayi Frayicisco Call.

He was the radiant produd of American civilizationoursto love, honor, and imitate. San Francisco Post.

A view of General Grant's participation in the unfortunatebusiness complication in New York is given below :

There are a good many things about this Wall street affair that are not generallyknown. As a matter of fact, General Grant thought that he was simply a specialpartner to the extent of $50,000 with Ward. To a friend who warned the generalthat Ward's scheme was visionary, and that no business could yield such profits asAvere promised, Grant repeated that he was liable only to the extent of the amountmentioned, and added: There are able and experienced business men who areengaged with Ward. They would not be likely to take part in any foolish scheme.Ward has a smelting-machine in Colorado, too, that yields large protits. It wasdiscovered, afterwards, that the smelting enterprise was a mytli, and the monthlyaccounts rendered with regularity were manufactured in Ward's office. The holdthat Ward got upon General (irant was so absolute as to seem almost incredible. Herobbed not only the general but the general's family and relatives as well. Whenthe crash came the Grants had been so completely bled that they had less than $100in cash among them. General Grant has been subjected to a good deal of criticismon the supposition that he willingly went to Vanderbilt, knowing that his firm wason the eve of failure, and borrowed $150,000 from him. The facts, as given to me byan intimate friend of the general, are these : Ward, the Sunday preceding the fail-ure, told the general that the firm had $750,000 on deposit in Fish's Marine Bank ;that he had $150,000 in his pocket and wished the general to raise $150,000 more, sothat the fh-m would have on deposit altogether $1,000,000. Thus, Ward reasoned,the bank can make a strong showing, as they very much desire to do, and as theyhave always been very kind to us I wish to oblige them. The general did not ap-


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PERSONAL AND PRESS OPINION 43predate all this, nevertheless, he drove first to Victor Newcombe's house to get themoney. Mr. Xewcombe was at church. The general then drove over to the resi-dence of Mr. Randall, father-in-law of Commodore Garrison, but Mr. Randall alsowas out, and General Grant drove back home. After that Ward suggested a visit toMr. Vanderbilt. I do not wish to borrow any money of Mr. Vanderbilt, said thegeneral. I have had no business transactions with him. But it is not borrow-ing, continued Ward. You will simply exchange checks with him, and, as wehave three-quarters of a million on deposit your check will be just the same as cash,will it not? This seemed altogether plausible, and it was thus deceived that thegeneral called on Vanderbilt for the money. When the failure came he was almostdazed, and then began the agony of mind that never left him. Fortunately he hadinsisted on securing Mr. Vanderbilt. To the minds of those who know the generalwell his trust in Ward to the very last was not surprising, no matter how incompre-hensible it may be to others. Implicit and unshakable faith in those in whom heput his confidence was one of the striking notes of his character, and to have histrust betrayed always grieved him deeply. Indeed, a gentleman once asked himwhat of all things pained him most. The general answered : To be deceived by afriend. Phikuleljjhki Times.


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CLOSING SCENES. 45ers's side. His three physicians stood a little back from thefamily group. Harrison Tyrrell, his devoted body servant,leaned dejectedly against the door, and Henry, the nurse, satin a distant corner. The little grandchildren had not beencalled, and were fast asleep in their beds. It was nine minutespast eight by the clock. Not a leaf stirred on the trees, in thewarm morning air without, and there was not a cloud in thesky. A splash of red midsummer sunlight came in throughthe open window, and had been falling full upon a portrait ofkindly-faced Lincoln which hung on the wall just over thebedstead, and side by side with one of the dying man himself,and it was just as the last of this warm light crept from theframe of the picture to the wall that the great man ceased tobreathe.

At that moment Dr. Newman arrived. He had been has-tily summoned, and only got to the bedside at the final mo-ment. It was Dr. Shrady who first spoke after the soul hadtaken its flight. Seeing the fluttering breath had ceased tocome, he bent his head and said, At last. Dr. Douglashaggard-worn with anxiety chokingly murmured, All isover. There was a silence for several moments, broken oc-casionally by a subdued sob, as the family bent their headswith handkerchiefs to their eyes. There were no excessivedemonstrations of grief The event had been so long hangingover the heads of all as inevitable that its advent was calmlyreceived. None who had witnessed the dead man's long ag-ony could wish to see it hopelessly prolonged. Of all, nonewas calmer than Mrs. Grant, though it was feared she wouldbe most prostrated. She wept but litde, and soon raised her


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46 UL YSSES S. GRANT.head and walked quietly, escorted by Dr. Newman, to thesofa. Then the physicians and the family crept one by onefrom the room; and the end of Grant's brave struggle for lifehad indeed come at last.

The General's death was through sheer exhaustion. Dr.Shradv had said some weeks before that there would come atime when the General would be unable longer to take nour-ishment, and that the end would then be near at hand. TheGeneral had reached that point two days before, and from thattime on went steadily down, with no hope of saving him. Themoments he was conscious during this last relapse he knewthat death was ne-ar, but he did not fear it in the least. Hehad not in fact from the first showed any fear of death, hisonly apprehension having been that the end would be accom-panied by extreme pain. His doctor assured him that heshould not suffer, and thereby took measures that he did not.His dissolution was absolutely painless. From midnight untilthe moment of his death he never made a motion, except inopening his eyes and in now and then faintly stirring his lipswhen moisture was applied to them.The news of the sad event was received in all parts of the

country with profound sorrow, bells being tolled, flags hungat half mast, and the emblems of mourning displayed frompublic and private buildings. President Cleveland issued aproclamation testifying to the magnitude of the national loss,and ordering the payment of appropriate honors to the mem-ory of the deceased by the several departments of the govern-ment. The Georgia legislature passed resolutions of regret


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CLOSING SCENES. 47and at once adjourned for the day, and similar action wastaken by many municipal bodies, commercial organizations,etc., in all sections.

The room in which the body lay temporarily was 20 ft. by 16,with doors opening from the end and the side on to the veran-da, the openings north and east. On the floor a pearl-graycarpet, a few easy chairs of cane, an etching of Millet's An-gelus ' ' on one wall, and a rough water-color on the other. Inthe northwest corner of the room, a few feet from each wall,stood a catafolque, its frame of dark wood underneath its can-opy of black broadcloth, a cofhn over which the American flagwas laid, the union at the head of the bier. An undertaker'sassistant drew away the flag and the face of the great chieftainwas revealed. Some oak leaves surrounded his head, on thefoot of the coffin some sprigs of green held by smilax formed aquaintly shaped letter G, but by these symbols the eye washeld only a moment, and turned to the face of the dead. Therewas a tinge of color in the cheeks ; certainly they were not sowhite* as the forehead and temples. The sparse gray hair wascombed back, the beard trimmed closely and evenly around,and the mousta:he, longer and carefully trimmed at the ends,drooped over the firm mouth, in life so silent, but now silentindeed and forever. There was no suggestion of pain ; noth-ing was conveyed by whatsoever of expression there was onthat calm face but peace. Sleep could not dispose the featuresof its finest-minded subject as those were. The eyebds weredrawn over the eyes, and the flesh-color was

lifelike, and thelines from their corners, so well known in life, were gone.


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48 UL YSSES S. GRANT.There was no suggestion of weariness, only that of rest.The casket is of oak, and hned with copper. The coveringa dark shade of purple silk velvet, and the lining a cream sat-

in, tufted with a cream-satin pillow to match. The casket isopen its full length, with plate-glass top, the handles extensionbars of solid silver, to run the full length of the casket. Theinscription-plate is of solid gold, six inches long by four inch-es wide, and contains only the name, U. S. Grant. At theburial the casket will be encased in a red cedar box, polishedand lined with lead. This will be sealed hermetically and putinto an oval shaped steel box, which will be riveted together.

7


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