The Civil Rights The Civil Rights Movement:Movement: Chapter 38 ReviewChapter 38 Review

What Rights are worth fighting for?

Are all Americans entitled to the same civil rights?

What are the risks of demanding rights?Why might some people fight against

equal rights?Do we have true equality today in the

United States?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Growth of the Civil Rights Movement

Truman ends segregation in armed forces 1948

Congress refuses to pass civil rights legislation

Jim Crow still ruled the SouthDecision of civil rights left up to the

Supreme Court head by Chief Justice Earl Warren

Brown v.Brown v. Board of Board of

Education Education of Topeka of Topeka

19541954

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Began w/ Rosa Parks Dec. 1st 1955Lasted 1 yearGave rise to 27year old Rev. Martin Luther

King

Little Rock Nine

September 1957- Central High School was to enroll 9 black students

Gov. Orval Faubus of Arkansas mobilized the National Guard to keep the students from entering

President Eisenhower sent in troops to escort children to their classes

Death of Emmett Till- 1955

His death caused a serge in the Civil Rights Movement

Showed the brutality of southern violence towards African-Americans

created outrage across the nation

Emmett Till

Martin Luther King Jr.

Formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 1957

Mobilized black churches to work towards black rights

Believed in peaceful demonstrations1st phase of Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Act 1957passed under Eisenhower

Set up a civil rights commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal gov. to protect voting rights

“ “Sit-In”Sit-In”

Student Non-violent Coordination Student Non-violent Coordination

Committee Committee

Freedom RideFreedom Ride 1961 1961

James Meredith

Won case allowing him to enroll at University of Mississippi

Gov. Barnett would not let him registerPresident Kennedy ordered federal

marshalsRiots erupted lasting 15 hours

Children Take ActionChildren Take Action Birmingham, Alabama April 1963 Birmingham, Alabama April 1963

Children in Jail

President Kennedy Acts

June 11, 1963 sends troops to University of Alabama to enforce desegregation

Calls for new civil rights legislationMLK “March on Washington”

Kennedy AssassinationKennedy unable to pass Civil Rights

Legislation due to southern democrats

Fight continued by Lyndon B. Johnson

Civil Rights Act of 1964- banned discrimination based on sex, race, religion

Voting Rights Acts of 1965- eliminated literacy tests in the South

Robert KennedyRobert Kennedy

Watts, Watts, Los Los

AngelesAngeles

Black Power

2nd phase of Civil Rights movementCivil Rights movement changes from non-

violence protests of MLK to use of force tactics of Malcolm X

Nation of Islam Elijah Muhammad

19651965

Black Muslims

Nation of Islam (Black Muslims)Belief that Blacks should separate from

white society as whites caused their condition

Malcolm X was a follower believed in armed self defense

In March 1964 Malcolm left the Nation of Islalm and established his own religious organization, the Organization of Afro-American Unity.

advocated world brotherhood. blamed racism on Western culture and urged

African Americans to join with sympathetic whites.

Malcolm X was shot dead at a party meeting in Harlem on 21st February, 1965. Three Black Muslims were later convicted of the murder.

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Black Panthers

Began in Oakland, Ca.Led by Stokely Carmichael“Black Power”

April 4, 1968- MLK AssassinationApril 4, 1968- MLK Assassination

June 5,1968June 5,1968Robert Kennedy AssassinationRobert Kennedy Assassination

2009