The Civil Rights Movement

Jackie Robinson

Thurgood Marshall

Brown v. The Board of Education

The Little Rock Nine

Rosa Parks

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

The Murder of Emmett Till• Brutal 1955

Murder

• Victim was a visiting 14-year old boy from Chicago

• Brutally killed for winking at a White woman

• Murder gathers nationwide attention

The Strategy of Nonviolence

Ella Baker• Behind-the-scenes Civil rights

and human rights activist whose career spanned over five decades. (1930s-1980s )

• Worked alongside some of the most famous civil rights leaders of the twentieth century, including: W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall, A. Philip Randolph and Martin Luther King Jr.

• Mentored Young Civil Rights Activists including Stokely Carmichael and Rosa Parks

Ruby Bridges• Chosen at age 6 by the NAACP to be the 1st Black Child to

Enter a White Southern School in New Orleans, Louisiana

• Met by Shouting Crowds Who Threw Things at Her

“The Problem We All Live With,”

By Norman Rockwell

CORE (The Congress of Racial Equality)

James Farmer

• Initiator and organizer of the 1961 Freedom Ride which led to the desegregation of inter-state transportation

• Co-founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

• CORE National chairman from 1942 to 1944.

• Honorary chairman in the Democratic Socialists of America

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Freedom Riders

John Lewis• Civil Rights Leader who took part in the Freedom

Riders and Sit-ins

• Headed SNCC in early 1960s

• Atlanta Georgia Congressman

Sit-In Movement

Greensboro Four

James Meredith

The Albany Movement• Desegregation Coalition formed in Albany Georgia in

1961• Made up of Members of SNCC/NAACP/Local Activists• Led by William G. Anderson• Later joined by Martin Luther King Jr./SCLC• Mobilized thousands

of citizens and attracted nationwide attention

• Limited results due to widespread opposition

• Improved strategies of movement

16th Street Baptist Church Bombing

• September 11th 1963

• Central Location for Civil Rights Meetings

• 5 KKK Members bombed the church killing 4 girls and injuring 22 others during Sunday School

• Led to massive support for the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Clockwise from Top Left: Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson and Denise McNair

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Fannie Lou Hamer

• U.S. Civil Rights Leader and Voting Rights Activist

• Plain-spoken manner and fervent belief in the Biblical righteousness of her cause gained her a reputation as an electrifying speaker and constant activist of civil rights.

• Used her Helped Organize Mississippi Freedom Summer and SNCC

• Vice-Chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

The Birmingham Campaign

Letter From a Birmingham Jail (1963)

Murder of Medgar Evers

March on Washington

“I Have A Dream”

The Civil Rights Act of 1964• Outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation.

•It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and Racial Segregation in School, Workplaces and Public Facilities

Voter Education Project

Mississippi Voter Project (Freedom Summer)

Blowin’ In the Wind by Bob Dylan (1963)

• What is the song’s message for Civil Rights?

• How many roads must a man walk downBefore you call him a man? Yes, n how many seas must a white dove sailBefore she sleeps in the sand? Yes, n how many times must the cannon balls flyBefore they’re forever banned? The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind,The answer is blowin’ in the wind.

How many times must a man look upBefore he can see the sky? Yes, n how many ears must one man haveBefore he can hear people cry? Yes, n how many deaths will it take till he knowsThat too many people have died? The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind,The answer is blowin’ in the wind.

• How many years can a mountain existBefore its washed to the sea? Yes, and how many years can some people existBefore they’re allowed to be free? Yes, and how many times can a man turn his head,Pretending he just doesn’t see? The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind,The answer is blowin’ in the wind

“Here’s to the State of Mississippi” by Phil Ochs (1965)

State

People

Schools

Cops

Judges

Government

Laws

Churches

• Here's to the state of Mississippi,For Underneath her borders, the devil draws no lines,If you drag her muddy river, nameless bodies you will find.Whoa the fat trees of the forest have hid a thousand crimes,The calendar is lying' when it reads the present time.Whoa here's to the land you've torn out the heart of,Mississippi find yourself another country to be part of!

Here's to the people of MississippiWho say the folks up north, they just don't understandAnd they tremble in their shadows at the thunder of the KlanThe sweating of their souls can't wash the blood from off their handsThey smile and shrug their shoulders at the murder of a manOh, here's to the land you've torn out the heart ofMississippi find yourself another country to be part of

• Here's to the schools of MississippiWhere they're teaching all the children that they don't have to careAll of rudiments of hatred are present everywhereAnd every single classroom is a factory of despairThere's nobody learning such a foreign word as fairOh, here's to the land you've torn out the heart ofMississippi find yourself another country to be part of

Here's to the cops of MississippiThey're chewing their tobacco as they lock the prison doorTheir bellies bounce inside them as they knock you to the floorNo they don't like taking prisoners in their private little warBehind their broken badges there are murderers and moreOh, here's to the land you've torn out the heart ofMississippi find yourself another country to be part of

•And, here's to the judges of MississippiWho wear the robe of honor as they crawl into the courtThey're guarding all the bastions with their phony legal fortOh, justice is a stranger when the prisoners reportWhen the black man stands accused the trial is always shortOh, here's to the land you've torn out the heart ofMississippi find yourself another country to be part of

And here's to the government of MississippiIn the swamp of their bureaucracy they're always bogging downAnd criminals are posing as the mayors of the townsThey're hoping that no one sees the sights and hears the soundsAnd the speeches of the governor are the ravings of a clownOh, here's to the land you've torn out the heart ofMississippi find yourself another country to be part of

• And here's to the laws of MississippiCongressmen will gather in a circus of delayWhile the Constitution is drowning in an ocean of decayUnwed mothers should be sterilized, I've even heard them sayYes, corruption can be classic in the Mississippi wayOh, here's to the land you've torn out the heart ofMississippi find yourself another country to be part of

And here's to the churches of MississippiWhere the cross, once made of silver, now is caked with rustAnd the Sunday morning sermons pander to their lustThe fallen face of Jesus is choking in the dustHeaven only knows in which God they can trustOh, here's to the land you've torn out the heart ofMississippi find yourself another country to be part of

The Selma Campaign

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1965 Voting Rights Act

Urban Unrest

The Black Power Movement

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Stokely Carmichael

The Black Panther Party

Huey Newton

Bobby Seale

Angela Davis

The Nation of Islam

Malcolm X

Muhammad Ali

1968 Olympics Black athletes had considered boycotting the 1968 Olympics Games as a form of protest

200m gold medalist Tommie Smith, centre, and the bronze medalist John Carlos, with gloved fists raised and heads bowed in a 'black power' salute on the podium at the Mexico Olympics. All 3 athletes (including White Australian silver medalist Peter Norman) wore Olympic Project for Human Rights badges to protest racial segregation

Smith and Carlos were expelled from the Games

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Poor People’s Campaign

Ralph Abernathy

• Civil Rights Leader and Minister• Close Colleague of MLK • Worked with SCLC• Poor People’s Campaign (After MLK Assassination)• Led 1968 March on Washington

The Civil Rights Act of 1968

• Fair Housing Act

• Banned Discrimination in the Sale or Rental of Housing

Affirmative Action

Controversial program beginning in the 1970s that gave preferential treatment to minorities and women in hiring and admissions due to perceived disadvantages

Jesse Jackson