The Civil WarThe Civil War

Chapter 11Chapter 11

2 Sides2 Sides

UnionUnion – North – states remaining in – North – states remaining in what we know as the United Stateswhat we know as the United States

ConfederacyConfederacy – Confederate States of – Confederate States of America – South – the states that America – South – the states that seceded from the unionseceded from the union

War BeginsWar Begins

Fort Sumter – last Union held fort in Fort Sumter – last Union held fort in the Souththe South

Dilemma for Lincoln and DavisDilemma for Lincoln and Davis Attack and cause war or hold back and Attack and cause war or hold back and

seem weakseem weak Jefferson Davis chooses warJefferson Davis chooses war Virginia leaves the union – BIG lossVirginia leaves the union – BIG loss

NorthNorth vs. vs. SouthSouth21 million

4 million

1.1 million

25

15

32

Population

Eligible for Military

Industrial Workers

Naval Ship Ratio

Iron Production Ratio

Firearm Production Ratio

9 million

1.1 million

.2 million

1

1

1

Question: What does this data tell you about the who had an advantage in this war? Does this also give you a preview of who will win this war? Explain.

StrategiesStrategiesNorthNorth

1.1. Blockade portsBlockade ports

2.2. Cut confederacy Cut confederacy in 2 at the in 2 at the Mississippi riverMississippi river

3.3. Capture capital of Capture capital of Richmond, VARichmond, VA

*** Anaconda Plan*** Anaconda Plan

SouthSouth Defense, Defense, Defense, Defense,

Defense!!!Defense!!! Attack if possibleAttack if possible

Question: Who do you think has the better chance for victory based off of these plans? Explain.

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull RunJournalJournal

July 21, 1961 – First real battleJuly 21, 1961 – First real battle Both sides inexperiencedBoth sides inexperienced Confederacy inspired by Gen. Confederacy inspired by Gen.

“Stonewall” Jackson“Stonewall” Jackson Seesaw battle, Confederacy takes Seesaw battle, Confederacy takes

the fieldthe field Union Retreats to Washington D.C.Union Retreats to Washington D.C.

Union Army GrowsUnion Army Grows

Lincoln appoints Gen. George Lincoln appoints Gen. George McClellan to lead the Union armyMcClellan to lead the Union army

Over 1 million northerners enlist in Over 1 million northerners enlist in the Union army after bull runthe Union army after bull run

Fighting in the WestFighting in the West Gen. Ulysses S. Grant commands the Gen. Ulysses S. Grant commands the

union in the westunion in the west In Feb. 1962 Grant defeats the Conf. at In Feb. 1962 Grant defeats the Conf. at

Forts Donelson and CumberlandForts Donelson and Cumberland Provided key access to riversProvided key access to rivers

““no terms except unconditional and no terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted”immediate surrender can be accepted”

- Gen. Ulysses S. Grant- Gen. Ulysses S. Grant Question: Why is water so important in Question: Why is water so important in

war?war?

Battle of ShilohBattle of ShilohJournalJournal

Grant gathered his men in a small Grant gathered his men in a small Tenn. Church named ShilohTenn. Church named Shiloh

Sneak attack in the morning hours by Sneak attack in the morning hours by the Conf.the Conf.

Counter attack and victory the next Counter attack and victory the next day by the unionday by the union

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned: send out scouts, : send out scouts, dig trenches, build fortsdig trenches, build forts

Union Captures Southern PortUnion Captures Southern Port

April 1862 Union ships capture New April 1862 Union ships capture New OrleansOrleans

War TechnologyWar Technology

IroncladsIronclads – fortified ships built of – fortified ships built of metalmetal

Rifle and Minie Ball – much more Rifle and Minie Ball – much more accurate and deadly than musketsaccurate and deadly than muskets

Primitive landmines and grenades Primitive landmines and grenades

Battle of AntietamBattle of AntietamJournalJournal

September 17, 1862 - MarylandSeptember 17, 1862 - Maryland Robert E. Lee is appointed leader of Conf. Robert E. Lee is appointed leader of Conf.

ArmyArmy Conf. army wins the second battle of Bull Conf. army wins the second battle of Bull

run and plans on marching on D.C.run and plans on marching on D.C. McClellan discovers that Conf. army has McClellan discovers that Conf. army has

split into 2 groups on Antietam Creeksplit into 2 groups on Antietam Creek McClellan’s men simply out lasted the Conf. McClellan’s men simply out lasted the Conf.

due to numbersdue to numbers Bloodiest single day in US history – 26,000 Bloodiest single day in US history – 26,000

dead, Union victorydead, Union victory

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

A document that declared slaves free A document that declared slaves free behind Confederate linesbehind Confederate lines No slaves freed immediately No slaves freed immediately

Designed as a weapon of warDesigned as a weapon of war Freed slaves would join the fightFreed slaves would join the fight

Political ProblemsPolitical Problems

Copperheads – northern democrats Copperheads – northern democrats that wanted peacethat wanted peace

ConscriptionConscription – a draft that would force – a draft that would force certain people to serve in the militarycertain people to serve in the military Men ages 20 - 45Men ages 20 - 45 You could buy your way out for $300You could buy your way out for $300 Only 8% of Union army were draftedOnly 8% of Union army were drafted

Draft RiotsDraft Riots

African American SoldiersAfrican American Soldiers

180,000 union soldiers were African-Am.180,000 union soldiers were African-Am. Most joined after emancipation proclamationMost joined after emancipation proclamation Less pay than whitesLess pay than whites If captured, they were killed on the spotIf captured, they were killed on the spot Question: Why do you think that most Question: Why do you think that most

African-Am. Waited until after the African-Am. Waited until after the emancipation proclamation to join the army?emancipation proclamation to join the army?

Economic IssuesEconomic Issues Southern food shortagesSouthern food shortages

Inflation ( $6.65 to $68 a month for food)Inflation ( $6.65 to $68 a month for food) Northern economy grows rapidlyNorthern economy grows rapidly

But still had inflationBut still had inflation Congress passes an Congress passes an income taxincome tax – the – the

government taking a certain percent of government taking a certain percent of a persons income.a persons income.

Question: how would the combination Question: how would the combination of inflation and income tax effect the of inflation and income tax effect the average worker?average worker?

Activity:Activity:

In 5 words describe the following:In 5 words describe the following:

1.1. HospitalHospital

2.2. WarWar

Conditions of WarConditions of War

Death everywhere – fearDeath everywhere – fear Neighbor vs. Neighbor – Brother vs. Neighbor vs. Neighbor – Brother vs.

BrotherBrother Poor hygiene Poor hygiene

Body lice, dysentery, diarrhea Body lice, dysentery, diarrhea Food shortages or bad foodFood shortages or bad food No proper disposal of wasteNo proper disposal of waste

Civil War MedicineCivil War Medicine Field HospitalsField Hospitals Minie Ball wound often caused Minie Ball wound often caused

amputationamputation Bone saw and Bone saw and chlorophormchlorophorm - - AnestheticAnesthetic: A substance that causes : A substance that causes lack of feeling or awareness. lack of feeling or awareness.

Little, if any, Little, if any, sterilization – sterilization – killing of killing of germs to prevent diseasegerms to prevent disease

Government tries to clean it upGovernment tries to clean it up Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix

Activity:Activity:

In 5 words describe the following:In 5 words describe the following: Civil War HospitalCivil War Hospital Civil WarCivil War

Battle of Chancellorsville, VABattle of Chancellorsville, VAJournalJournal

May 2, 1863May 2, 1863 Easy Confederate victory – Union Easy Confederate victory – Union

RetreatRetreat Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot

by one of his own menby one of his own men Loses an arm, catches pneumonia and Loses an arm, catches pneumonia and

diesdies

Battle of Gettysburg, PABattle of Gettysburg, PAJournalJournal

July 1-3, 1863July 1-3, 1863 Small Conf. group invades in search of shoesSmall Conf. group invades in search of shoes Union gives up the town but holds the hills Union gives up the town but holds the hills

around the cityaround the city 3 solid days of fighting3 solid days of fighting Pickett’s Charge – last Conf. effortPickett’s Charge – last Conf. effort Union holds on to win – turning pointUnion holds on to win – turning point Deadliest battle – nearly 50,000 dead or Deadliest battle – nearly 50,000 dead or

woundedwounded

Battle of Vicksburg, MSBattle of Vicksburg, MSJournalJournal

Last Conf. fort on the MississippiLast Conf. fort on the Mississippi Grant sends troops to take out railroads to Grant sends troops to take out railroads to

distract the Conf. – it works!!!distract the Conf. – it works!!! String of small battles leading to VicksburgString of small battles leading to Vicksburg

Union wins battle after battle gaining Union wins battle after battle gaining confidenceconfidence

SiegeSiege on Vicksburg – cut off all supply lines on Vicksburg – cut off all supply lines Starve them out, shoot cannons inStarve them out, shoot cannons in

July 4, 1863 after 18 days the Conf. give July 4, 1863 after 18 days the Conf. give up Vicksburgup Vicksburg Union takes total control of the Mississippi and Union takes total control of the Mississippi and

cuts the Union in half.cuts the Union in half.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

Speech commemorating a cemetery Speech commemorating a cemetery at Gettysburgat Gettysburg

Changed America’s opinion of Changed America’s opinion of AmericaAmerica ““All men are created equal”All men are created equal” ““of the people, by the people, for the of the people, by the people, for the

people”people”

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

-Abraham Lincoln

Grant vs. LeeGrant vs. Lee

Grant appointed new leader of Union Grant appointed new leader of Union Army’sArmy’s

Lee could not keep up with the Lee could not keep up with the amount of menamount of men The North could lose men and easily The North could lose men and easily

replace them, the south was running outreplace them, the south was running out South was losing moraleSouth was losing morale

Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March

Grant orders William Tecumseh Sherman Grant orders William Tecumseh Sherman to take out the port city of Atlantato take out the port city of Atlanta

Captures, loots, plunders, and burns Captures, loots, plunders, and burns most cities on the way and on the way most cities on the way and on the way back.back.

Total destruction of everything in his Total destruction of everything in his pathpath

Victory is at handVictory is at hand Lincoln win election of 1864Lincoln win election of 1864

War comes to an end…War comes to an end…

After many defeats by Grant and After many defeats by Grant and Sherman Conf. leaders abandon Sherman Conf. leaders abandon capitol and burn it as they leavecapitol and burn it as they leave

Robert E. Lee signs a formal Robert E. Lee signs a formal surrender on April 9, 1865 at surrender on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.Appomattox Court House in Virginia.