The Civil War11CHAPTER

Overview

Time Lines

Transparencies

Chapter Assessment

The Civil War Begins

The Politics of War

Life During Wartime

The North Takes Charge

SECTION 1SECTION 2SECTION 3SECTION 4

The Legacy of the WarSECTION 5

THEMES IN CHAPTER 11

The Civil War11CHAPTER

Constitutional Concerns

Economic Opportunity

Science and Technology

“Whatever may be the result of the contest, I foresee that the country will have to pass through

a terrible ordeal . . . for our national sins.”General Robert E. Lee

HOME

The Civil War11CHAPTER

“Whatever may be the result of the contest, I foresee that the country will have to pass through

a terrible ordeal . . . for our national sins.”

General Robert E. Lee

What do you know?• What do you already know about the Civil War? Why did Americans choose sides and fight one another?

Read the quote above and answer the following:

• What is Lee’s vision of events to follow?

• What do you think he considers to be “our national sins”?

HOME

Time Line11CHAPTER

The United States

HOME

1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox. Lincoln is assassinated.

July 1861 Union loses at Bull Run.

April 1862 Union avoids defeat at Shiloh.

September 1862 Antietam results in huge casualties. Lincoln issues the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

April 1861 Fort Sumter is taken by Confederates.

January 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect.

July 1863 The Union wins at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

Time Line11CHAPTER

The World

HOME

June 1864 Maximilian of Austria becomes the new emperor of Mexico.

June 1863 Shir ‘Ali Khan becomes amir of Afghanistan.

September 1862 Otto von Bismarck is named minister-president of Prussia.

March 1861 Serfs in Russia are emancipated by Alexander II.

February 1861 Victor Emmanuel II’s Kingdom of Italy is inaugurated.

July 1864 Taiping Rebellion in China ends with the fall of Nanjing.

The Civil War Begins1

Learn Aboutthe military strategies and actions of the first two years of the Civil War.

To Understandhow the war became a more prolonged, deadly conflict than anyone had predicted.

HOME

SECTION

The Civil War Begins1 HOME

SECTION

Key Idea

The secession of Southern states causes the North and South to take up arms.

Section

The Civil War Begins1

Assessment

What are some newspaper headlines that summarize the key Civil War battles fought in 1861 and 1862?

SUMMARIZING

1

HOME

SECTION

•April •Confederates Shell Ft. Sumter–War

•July •Confederate Triumph at Bull Run

1861Month Headline

1862Month Headline

•April •Grant’s Forces Capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

•February •Grant Beats Back Attack at Shiloh– Farragut Seizes New Orleans

•September •McClellan Falters After Victory at Antietam

Section

The Civil War Begins1

What if Virginia had not seceded from the Union in 1861? Speculate on how this might have affected the course of the war.

HYPOTHESIZING

Assessment1

• Virginia’s influence on other Southern states• Virginia’s location and its human and material resources• how the North’s military strategy might have been different

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

Section

The Civil War Begins1

Assessment1

What were General McClellan’s major tactical errors?DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

• the North’s and South’s military strategies• the outcome of the Seven Days’ Battles and the Second Battle of Bull Run• events at the Battle of Antietam

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

The Politics of War2

Learn Aboutthe political issues that arose during the Civil War.

To Understandhow divided Americans were over the course and purpose of the war.

HOME

SECTION

The Politics of War2 HOME

SECTION

Key Idea

President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation and makes slavery the focus of the war.

The Politics of War2

Section Assessment2

What were some of the political measures President Lincoln took to solve the problems his administration faced?

SUMMARIZING

HOME

SECTION

Issued the Emancipation Proclamation

Suspended the writ of habeas corpus

Spurred Union to adopt draft laws

Slavery

Dissent

Shortage of soldiers

The Politics of War2

Section

Do you think that Lincoln’s measures to deal with disloyalty and dissent represented an abuse of power?

FORMING OPINIONS

Assessment2

• conditions of wartime versus peacetime• Lincoln’s primary goal• Supreme Court Justice Roger Taney’s view of Lincoln’s powers

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

The Politics of War2

Section Assessment2

Why might the Emancipation Proclamation be considered a turning point of the Civil War?

ANALYZING ISSUES

• how the Emancipation Proclamation redefined the purpose of the war• the Proclamation as a political maneuver• the Proclamation’s effect on military action

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

Life During Wartime3

Learn Aboutthe wartime experiences of civilians, soldiers, and African Americans.

To Understandthe social and economic changes created by the Civil War.

HOME

SECTION

Life During Wartime3 HOME

SECTION

Key IdeaThe war creates social and economic changes as people struggle with the loss of family members, property destruction, and the impending end of slavery.

Section

Life During Wartime3

Assessment33

What economic changes occurred in the North and South as a result of the Civil War?

SUMMARIZING

HOME

SECTION

•expansion of many industries

•rampant inflation

•increase in labor-saving machines•lower wages for white male industrial workers•decline in standard of living•more employment opportunities for women

•decline of the plantation system

•more employment opportunities for women

•shortage of food and other items

NORTH SOUTH

ECONOMIC CHANGES

Section

Life During Wartime3

What effects did the Civil War have on women and African Americans?

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING

Assessment33

• new opportunities in both the North and the South• discriminatory practices that persisted for both groups

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

Section

Life During Wartime3

Assessment3

Imagine you were one of the Northern women and doctors who convinced the government to establish the Sanitary Commission. What reasons would you have offered to justify this commission?

SYNTHESIZING

• the health dangers soldiers faced• the twofold task of the Sanitary Commission

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

The North Takes Charge4

Learn Aboutthe battles and political events of the final two years of the war.

To Understandwhy the Union won the Civil War.

HOME

SECTION

The North Takes Charge4 HOME

SECTION

Key Idea

Key victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg help the Union wear down the Confederacy and win the war.

Section

The North Takes Charge4

Assessment4

What were some of the major battles and political events relating to the final two years of the Civil War?

SUMMARIZING

HOME

SECTION

May 1863 South defeats North at Chancellorsville.

July 1863 North defeats South at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

November 1863 Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Address.

March 1864 Lincoln appoints Grant commander of Union armies.

September 1864 Sherman takes Atlanta.

April 1865 Lee surrenders at Appomattox.

Section

The North Takes Charge4

Grant and Sherman presented a logical rationale for using the strategy of total war. Did the end—defeating the Confederacy—justify the means—causing harm to civilians?

ANALYZING ISSUES

Assessment4

• their reasons for targeting the civilian population• Sherman’s quoted remarks on page 336• Eliza Frances Andrews’s observations about Sherman’s march

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

Section

The North Takes Charge4

Assessment4

Is a general’s win-loss record on the battlefield the best gauge of measuring his greatness as a military leader? Why or why not?

EVALUATING

• Grant’s campaign in Virginia, Sherman’s march to Atlanta, and Lee’s surrender• Democrats’ and Northern newspapers’ criticism of Grant• the criteria you would use to evaluate a military leader

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

The Legacy of the War5

Learn Aboutthe economic, political, military, and social consequences of the Civil War.

To Understandwhy historians consider the Civil War a crucial turning point in U.S. history.

HOME

SECTION

The Legacy of the War5 HOME

SECTION

Key Idea

The Civil War settles long-standing disputes over states’ rights and slavery.

Section

The Legacy of the War5

Assessment5

What were the political, economic, technological, and social consequences of the Civil War?

SUMMARIZING

HOME

SECTION

POLITICAL: freed enslaved people; ended secession threat; increased federal government’s power

ECONOMIC: strengthened banking system;stimulated economic growth of the North and contributed to the economic decline of the South;created sizable war debt

TECHNOLOGICAL: heightened importance of weaponry in warfare; led to new military strategies, such as trench warfare

SOCIAL: disrupted families because of staggering

loss of lives; many disabled veterans

CONSEQUENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR

Section

The Legacy of the War5

What political and social issues from the Civil War era do you think are still issues today?

ANALYZING ISSUES

Assessment5

• the Thirteenth Amendment• the changing role of the federal government during and after the Civil War• the new weapons used to fight the war

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

Section

The Legacy of the War5

Assessment5

Imagine that you are a member of a group of Southern leaders who must rebuild the South after the war. What would you recommend that the government do to help the South?

HYPOTHESIZING

• the economic devastation of the South• the human costs of the war• the numbers of newly freed slaves

THINK ABOUT

HOME

SECTION

Chapter 11 Assessment

1. What were the military strategies of the North and South at the onset of the Civil War?

2. What advantages did the North have over the South? What advantages did the South have over the North?

3. How did each of these groups—slaves, free-born African Americans, Democrats, Union soldiers, and the Confederacy—react to the Emancipation Proclamation?

4. What precedent in governing the nation did Lincoln set for future wartime presidents?

5. What acts of protest or resistance occurred in both the North and the South because of economic and social changes during the war?

HOME

Chapter 11 Assessment

6. Briefly describe the war crimes committed against prisoners at Fort Pillow and Andersonville.

7. Cite events that illustrate the South’s deteriorating morale after defeats at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

8. What was Grant and Sherman’s rationale for using the strategy of total war?

9. How did the Civil War provide the economic foundation for the United States to become an industrial giant?

10. Give examples of new military machinery and technological improvements in weapons used during the Civil War.

HOME