The Civil War in Texas and

Beyond

1861

Confederate States of America is formed

• President – Jefferson Davis

• Capital – Richmond, Virginia

Jefferson Davis

Battle of Fort Sumter• Charleston, South Carolina

• 1st battle of the Civil War

• Confederate victory

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter, South Carolina

1st Battle of Bull Run• Union troops tried to

capture Richmond. • Stopped by Confederates

and pushed all the way back to Washington, D.C.

• Showed that neither side was prepared for war.

Stonewall Jackson

Richmond

Washington D.C.

Battle of Glorietta Pass• Preventive strike against New Mexico

• Texas troops tried to capture Santa Fe to prevent future Union attacks.

• Led by Gen. Henry H. Sibley

Glorietta Pass, New Mexico

1862

Battle of Shiloh• Grant’s 1st step in trying to

capture Mississippi River

• Confederate Gen.Albert Sidney Johnston was killed in battle

• 24,000 casualties in 2 days.• Terry’s Texas Rangers were

part of this battle.

Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston

Shiloh, Tennessee

Forty Unionists hanged in Gainesville

• Some German Unionists were killed trying to leave Texas.

• Other Unionists were captured, arrested, and forced into the Confederate army.

Battle of New Orleans• Union Admiral Farragut took New

Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Admiral David Farragut

New Orleans, La.

Battle of Antietam• Robert E. Lee

tried to invade Maryland.

• 23,000 killed in one day of fighting.

Antietam, MD

Union forces capture Galveston

• Largest Texas seaport

• Weak defense

• Captured easily by Union forces

Galveston, Texas

1863

Emancipation Proclamation• President Lincoln announced that

all slaves in the rebelling states were to be set free.

Battle of Galveston• Gen. John McGruder led

500 rebels across the railroad bridge from the mainland to Galveston

• Gunboats (cotton clads) sailed down Buffalo Bayou from Houston and attacked Union ships in Galveston Bay.

Fighting on Galveston docks

Battle of Sabine Pass

• Union troops planned to sail up Sabine River and capture Houston and Beaumont.

• Stopped by Houston bartender Dick Dowling and 47 troops.

Monument to Dick Dowling

Sabine Pass, Texas

Battle of Gettysburg (July 1 – 3) • Robert E. Lee tried to

invade Pennsylvania• 51,000 casualties in

3 day battle• Hood’s Texas Brigade

played an important role.

• Turning point of the Civil War

• Huge Confederate defeat.

Confederate dead at Gettysburg

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

What a spectacular sight! The spectacle of thousands of soldiers spread out for a mile in front of us filled us with such emotion. On one hand the sheer

beauty of a vast number of well trained men moving in ranks took on a quality of Olympic precision. But our delight was continuously interrupted by

the realization that this represented war and all the horror, death and destruction

that goes with it.

Battle of Vicksburg• Gen. Grant surrounded

Vicksburg, Mississippi for 6 weeks

• Vicksburg surrendered on July 4.

• The gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River. City of Vicksburg

during the Civil War

Vicksburg, Mississippi

Battle of Brownsville• U.S. tried to stop

Confederate trade with Mexico by capturing Brownsville and sailing up the Rio Grande.

• Stopped by Texas Colonel Santos Benavides Col. Santos Benavides

Brownsville, Texas

1864

Red River Campaign – Battle of Mansfield• 24,000 Union troops moved across

Louisiana, along the Red River.• Planned to attack East Texas and Houston• They were pushed

back at Mansfield, by a smaller Confederate army from Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas.

Mansfield, Louisiana

Battle of Atlanta• Atlanta was the South’s

main manufacturing city.• Terry’s Texas Rangers

were part of the Confederate Army defending Atlanta.

• Captured and burned by Union Gen. William T. Sherman.

Atlanta, Georgia

Sherman’s March to the Sea• Sherman’s troops marched 300

miles from Atlanta to Savannah.• Burned & destroyed everything in their

path. (“Total War”)

• Terry’s Texas Rangers conducted guerrilla style attacks against Sherman’s men

Sherman’s March

to the Sea

1865

Grant pursues Lee through Virginia

• Siege of Petersburg (south of Richmond)

• Union troops capture Richmond, Virginia

• Lee’s army retreats, hoping to meet up with Gen. Johnston’s army in the Carolinas

• Lee’s troops run out of food and ammunition

• Lee’s army is trapped near Appomattox, Virginia

Appomattox, Virginia

Grant sends note to Lee asking for his surrender

"General R.E. Lee, Commanding C.S.A.:5 P.M., April 7th, 1865.The results of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States army known as the Army of Northern Virginia.U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General"

Appomattox Court HouseRobert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. Ulysses Grant in Virginia, ending

the Civil War.

Hood’s Texas Brigade was part of the Confederate Army that surrendered at Appomattox.

Battle of Palmito Ranch

• Last battle of the Civil War

• Texas Confederates stopped Union troops from invading the Texas mainland.

Assassination of Lincoln• President and Mrs. Lincoln

visited Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. to see a play.

• The President was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth.

John Wilkes Booth

Death Bed of Lincoln

Lincoln’s Funeral Procession

Gen. Gordon Granger arrives in Galveston• Union forces landed in

Galveston and announced that the war was over and the slaves were free.

• Juneteenth - Emanicipation Day Gen. Gordon Granger

Between 15,000 and 20,000 Texans served in Confederate armies in Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia

General Robert E. Lee called Hood’s Texas Brigade his “finest soldiers”.

Terry’s Texas Rangers fought in more battles than did any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War.

American Deaths in WarGulf War = 258Afghanistan = 1,803War of 1812 = 2,200Revolutionary War = 4,100Iraqi War = 4,800Spanish-American War = 5,400Mexican-American War = 13,700Korean War = 33,000Vietnam War = 55,000World War I = 115,000World War II = 318,000Total = 551,861

American Civil War

South = 308,000

North = 410,000

Total = 718,000

Difference = 166,139