2. Photo by fauxto_digit Summarize the course of the Civil War
and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points;
the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal treatment
afforded to African American military units; the geographic,
economic, and political factors in the defeat of the
Confederacy
3. 1. "This nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom,
and that government of the people, by the people, for the people
shall not perish from the earth." Assess the validity of this
statement for the period 1860-1877. ESSAY TOPICS Students will
choose one of the following essay topics at the end of the unit.
Photo by Stfan
4. 2. "Abraham Lincoln upheld his oath to 'preserve, protect,
and defend the Constitution of the United States.'" Assess the
validity of this statement for the period 1860- 1865. ESSAY TOPICS
Photo by Stfan Students will choose one of the following essay
topics at the end of the unit.
5. Part Four Total War 1864-1865 Part One Secession 1860-1861
Part Two Limited War 1861-1862 Part Three The Turning Point
1863
6. 1856 1860 1864
7. 1856 A House divided against itself cannot stand. -- Abraham
Lincoln 1860 1864
8. Indian Territory (CSA) The Deep South seceded after Lincoln
was elected. Secession The Upper South waited
9. Confederate States of America The seven states of the Deep
South formed the CSA in Feb, 1861, before Lincoln took office.
(CSA) First National Flag of the CSA Great Seal Jefferson Davis,
President
10. Great Seal of the C.S.A.
11. A Presidents Dilemma: 1. Is secession constitutionally
acceptable? If yes, 2. If secession isnt constitutionally
acceptable, then is the federal government constitutionally
authorized to use force against a state?
12. Lincolns First Inaugural Address Compare to Second
Inaugural March 4, 1861 DOCUMENT
13. Lincoln refused Confederate demands to withdraw a garrison
of federal troops stationed at Fort Sumter, SC. Map Credit:
http://www.abbeville.com MAP
15. General P.G.T. Beauregard, CSA April 12-13, 1861
16. General Pierre G.T. Beauregard portrait by George Healy,
1861 Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery Washington DC
17. FROM ARTICLE I SECTION 8 The Congress shall have Power To
provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the
Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions
18. Lincolns Call for Volunteers Published in Harpers
Weekly
19. The Upper South Secedes Lincolns call for troops prompted
Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia secede and join
the Confederacy. All four states had previously rejected secession.
If at first you dont secede, try, try again!
20. Border States Map Credit: Four slave states (MO, KY, MD,
DE) did not secede from the Union, although many people from these
states fought for the Confederacy. Unionists in Western Virginia
organized a separate state government, which Congress admitted as
West Virginia in 1863.
21. BORDER STATES Although the Border States did not secede,
Unionist and Confederate militias clashed with each other, as seen
in the popular Clint Eastwood film, The Outlaw Josey Wales.
22. Map Credit: Slaves as a % of Population
23. Map Credit: Cotton Production Areas
24. Percentage of Slaveholding Families as a percentage of
total free households in each state Mississippi: 49% South
Carolina: 46% Georgia: 37% Alabama: 35% Florida: 34% Louisiana: 29%
Texas: 28% North Carolina: 28% Virginia: 26% Tennessee: 25%
Kentucky: 23% Arkansas: 20% Missouri: 13% Maryland: 12% Delaware:
3%Source: http://www.civilwarcauses.org/stat.htm Original Member of
CSA Seceded after Fort Sumter Non-seceding Slave States MAP (Slaves
as a % of the total population)
25. 1 Lincoln elected President 2 Deep South Secedes 3 CSA
attacks Fort Sumter 4 Lincoln calls for troops 5 Upper South
secedes
26. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Did the States of the Deep South
have proper justification to secede? 2. Was Lincolns call for
troops constitutional? the best decision? 3. Did the States of the
Upper South have proper justification to secede?
27. Icons Courtesy of Iconify.it South North Population Farm
Acreage Manufacturing Workers Bank Capital
28. Confederate Advantages Military Leadership Lee, Jackson,
etc. Home Field Advantage DEFENSE as objective NOT conquest HIGH
STAKES Survival as objective Photo by Mrs. Gemstone FURTHER
READING
29. OBJECTIVES IN 1861 UNION CONFEDERACY PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
(Regarding Southern Independence) SHORT WAR or LONG WAR? (Which
side benefits in each scenario?) PRESERVE THE UNION MAINTAIN
Independence LONG SHORT
30. The Norths Strategy for Victory Photo by Silvain de
Munck
31. The Anaconda Plan
32. Battle State Victory Significance Fort Sumter SC
Confederate Began the war First Bull Run (First Manassas) VA
Confederate Myth of Confederate invincibility
33. Capture of Ricketts' Battery, painting by Sidney E. King,
National Park Service.
34. Like a Stone Wall Brig. Gen. Barnard E. Bee (CSA) Gen.
Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson (CSA)
35. Gen. Bee, who was mortally wounded at First Manassas, is
buried in the cemetery at St. Pauls Episcopal Church in Pendleton,
SC. Visit St. Pauls cemetery:
36. Engagement State Victory Peninsula Campaign VA Confederate
Seven Days VA Confederate Second Manassas VA Confederate Antietam
MD Tactical Draw Union Strategic Fredericksburg VA Confederate
Eastern Theater Robert E. Lee took command of Confederate forces in
Virginia in 1862.
37. Peninsular Campaign McClellans Objective: Capture Richmond
FAILURE Driven back by Robert E. Lee in the Seven Days Battles Gen.
George McClellan (USA)
38. Seven Days Battles Lee drove McClellan away from Richmond
Lee
39. Second Bull Run Then defeated another Union Army in
Northern VA. Lee
40. Map Credit: http://www.freeworldmaps.net Antietam In order
to gain the initiative and re-supply his army, Lee invaded
Maryland. A Confederate victory on northern soil would bolster the
cause of Southern independence. US Army Principles of War
September, 1862
41. Antietam Lee and McClellan fought to a tactical draw in the
bloodiest single day of the war. Afterwards, Lee retreated to VA.
STRATEGIC VICTORY for the Union September, 1862 CASUALTIES USA
CSA
42. Lincoln and McClellan after Antietam After claiming victory
at Antietam, Lincoln: 1. Issued the Preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation and 2. fired McClellan.
43. Burnside Gen. Ambrose Burnside, the new Union commander,
marched his army toward Richmond. Lee moved to intercept him at
Fredericksburg.
44. Fredericksburg Lee ended 1862 with a lopsided victory over
Burnsides army. December, 1862 CASUALTIES USA
CSAhttp://www.civilwarartillery.com Canister and Grape Shot
45. Western Theater Engagement State Victory Forts Henry and
Donelson TN Union Shiloh TN Union Capture of New Orleans LA Union
Ulysses S. Grant (USA) Army of the Tennessee
46. The Western Theater The Union Armys Objective: Control the
Mississippi R. Split the Confederacy
47. Unconditional Surrender Grant Gen. Ulysses S. Grant,
USA
48. Battle of Shiloh by Thure de Thulstrup.
49. Shiloh April, 1862 Grant caught off guard by a Confederate
attack. Still standing at nightfall Reinforced during the night,
Grant counter- attacked and forced a Confederate retreat.
50. Capture of New Orleans May, 1862 The Union Navy overcame
Confederate defenses on the Mississippi to capture the Confederacys
largest city.
51. Union Occupation of New Orleans Butlers Woman Order William
Mumford Butler Benjamin Butler, a political general in charge of
the occupation of New Orleans, drew criticism due to his
heavy-handed governance. GENERAL ORDERS, No. 111.
52. From Harpers Weekly (Northern Paper) July 12, 1862 The
Ladies of New Orleans before General Butlers ProclamationAfter
General Butlers Proclamation
53. Union Occupation of New Orleans Spoons Beast Nicknames: and
my personal favorite:
54. Alabama Dept. of Archives and History
55. The Emancipation Proclamation "That on the first day of
January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or
designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in
rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward,
and forever free. Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of
the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as
Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in
time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government
of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for
suppressing said rebellion 1/1/1863 DOCUMENT
56. WHY, THEN? 0
57. Engagement State Victory Chancellorsville VA Confederate
Gettysburg PA Union Vicksburg MS Union Decisive Engagements Lee In
1863, Lee won his greatest victory and suffered his greatest
defeat.
58. Chancellorsville Gen. Robert E. Lee, CSA Gen. Joseph
Hooker, USA Troop Strength: 133,868 Troop Strength: 60,892 Lees
Perfect Victory May, 1863
59. May 2, 1863May 3, 1863 R.I.P. May 4-6, 1863 CASUALTIES
UNION CONFEDERATE Chancellorsville
60. Casualties of the Civil War Casualties By Battle Historical
Casualty Statistics: ALL WARS Confederate Memorial Arlington
National Cemetery Memorial to Civil War Unknown Dead Arlington
National Cemetery http://www.census- charts.com/Population/p
op-us-1790-2000.html
61. Conscription Rich mans war, poor mans fight. -- Anti-draft
slogan aka, The Draft Confederate (1862) Union (1863) o Draftees
could hire substitutes o Planters* exempt *20 or more slaves o
Draftees could hire substitutes o $300 to exempt
62. NYC Draft Riots o Over 100 dead o Racially motivated Many
rioters were Irish immigrants who feared competition from freedmen
for jobs. 1863
63. Peace Democrats Goals: Armistice / Compromise Copperhead
movement peaked in early 1863 Clement Vallandigham Ohio Copperhead
Habeas corpus
64. CSA The Prognosis May, 1863
65. After his victory at Chancellorsville, Lee invaded
Pennsylvania in hopes of gaining a decisive victory on Northern
soil. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863
66. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 CASUALTIES UNION CONFEDERATE
After three days of fighting, Lee failed to defeat the Union Army.
LEES FIRST TACTICAL DEFEAT
67. Grants Vicksburg Campaign In the spring of 1863, the
Confederates still controlled a stretch of the Mississippi River
between Vicksburg, MS, and Port Hudson, LA.
68. Grant Siege of Vicksburg May 18 July 4, 1863
69. Photo Credit:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/71hudson/71visual1.ht
The Confederate defenders at Port Hudson held out for 48 days,
making it the longest siege in United States history. After hearing
of the fall of Vicksburg, the defenders surrendered on July 9,
relinquishing the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi
River. Click the thumbnails on the left to view images of
Confederate defensive positions. Port Hudson
70. A Quaker Gun Port Hudson, 1863
71. A Turning Point... The back-to-back losses at Gettysburg
and Vicksburg were severe blows to the Confederacy. What effect did
these battles have on the Copperhead movement in the North?
72. The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Fourscore and
seven years ago Of the people, by the people, and for the people
RHETORIC
73. Redefining the War Lincoln in 1861 Lincoln in 1863 Southern
Independence SLAVERY CONQUEROR LIBERATOR
74. PART FOUR: Total War
75. African-Americans About 180,000 African- Americans enlisted
in the Union Army in the later years of the war. 10% of Union Army
/ 1% of Population ALL VOLUNTEER Only whites were drafted in the
North. in the Civil War
76. 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The film, Glory
(1989), is based on the story of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer
Infantry.
77. The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground, which depicts the
54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the attack on
Fort Wagner, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863.
78. African-Americans Confederate Emancipation & Enlistment
Advocated By Lee Too Little, Too Late Black support for Confederacy
rare, but not entirely unheard of in the Civil War A Northern
newspaper pokes fun of Confederate plans to raise black
regiments.
79. Explanation
80. 1864 Presidential Election The Political Spectrum War
Democrats Moderate Republicans Radical Republicans Peace Democrats
Election of 1864 Cartoons Abolish Slavery Political Equality for
Blacks Win the War Preserve the Union Abolish Slavery Armistice
Return to Pre- war State of Affairs
81. From Harpers Weekly July 2, 1864
http://elections.harpweek.c om/1864/cartoon-1864-
Medium.asp?UniqueID=6 &Year=1864
82. Gen. George McClellan 1864 Democratic Nominee War Democrat
Peace Platform Document 7.8
84. 1864 Election Propaganda National Union Edition
85. 1864 Election Propaganda Democratic Edition
86. 1856 1860 1864
87. Four More Years!
88. TOTAL WAR After defeating McClellan, Lincoln was no longer
bound by political considerations. Lincoln Grant Sherman
89. Lee vs. Grant WAR OF ATTRITION Virginia 1864-1865
90. Gen. William T. Sherman (USA) Shermans March 1864-1865
91. Shermans March 1864-1865
92. Gen. William T. Sherman (USA) Carolinas Campaign 1865
93. Sherman vs. Hampton Gen. William T. Sherman, USA Gen. Wade
Hampton, CSA CORRESPONDENCE
94. War is Hell!Ive been where you are now and I know just how
you feel. Its entirely natural that there should beat in the breast
of every one of you a hope and desire that some day you can use the
skill you have acquired here. Suppress it! You dont know the
horrible aspects of war. Ive been through two wars and I know. Ive
seen cities and homes in ashes. Ive seen thousands of men lying on
the ground, their dead faces looking up at the skies. I tell you,
war is Hell! Gen. William T. Sherman (USA)
95. Alexander Stephens, Vice President (CSA) Abraham Lincoln,
President (USA) FAI L Hampton Roads Conference February, 1865
96. Lincolns Second Inaugural Address Compare to First
Inaugural March 4, 1865
97. Lee Surrenders to Grant Appomattox Court House April 12,
1865