The Cold WarThe Cold War

By; Thomas Bernicker, Christian By; Thomas Bernicker, Christian Ash, Dylan Karivalis, and Matt Ash, Dylan Karivalis, and Matt

Brannau Brannau

Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Weapons deadliest bomb on Nuclear Weapons deadliest bomb on planet planet

More Nuclear Fission= Bigger Explosion More Nuclear Fission= Bigger Explosion Result of explosion= mushroom cloud Result of explosion= mushroom cloud

Think about it… What would it be like if a Think about it… What would it be like if a country did use nuclear weapons?country did use nuclear weapons?

Nuclear Weapon Effects Nuclear Weapon Effects What is the effect of a What is the effect of a nuclear bomb?nuclear bomb?

What is a nuclear What is a nuclear bomb made of?bomb made of?

1.1. First effect blinding light First effect blinding light

2.2. After a cloud of ash+ debris After a cloud of ash+ debris

3.3. Then radiation affects Then radiation affects everythingeverything

4.4. Years later after explosion Years later after explosion Nuclear WinterNuclear Winter

1. The main energy of 1. The main energy of a nuclear bomb is a nuclear bomb is nuclear fissionnuclear fission

The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project

Dr. Robert OppenheimerDr. Robert Oppenheimer was the person that was the person that discovered nuclear weaponsdiscovered nuclear weaponsLed by the United States, United Kingdom, and

CanadaThe U.S. spent $2 billion dollars then

22 billion today First nuclear bomb exploded was in Hiroshima during WWII

Many countries made nuclear bombs after the U.S.

Think about it:Think about it: what would have happened if the Soviet Union developed a nuclear bomb before the United States?

Fears of Nuclear Weapons

People: Scared that nuclear

weapons would: Create a nuclear war Everybody would die

Or be injured

Government: If a nuclear weapon

did go off in their country:

They needed to calm down rest of the country

Strike back

Bomb Shelters Bomb Shelters

Bomb shelters in homesBomb shelters in homes At least 12 inches thickAt least 12 inches thick Avoid harmful explosion and radioactivityAvoid harmful explosion and radioactivity Consists of:Consists of:

Shielding, reducing gamma-ray exposureShielding, reducing gamma-ray exposure Popular building material: concrete, bricks, earth, and sand Popular building material: concrete, bricks, earth, and sand

Dense and heavy enough to provide fallout protectionDense and heavy enough to provide fallout protection

Recommended Fallout shelters be placed in:Recommended Fallout shelters be placed in: BasementsBasements Buried in backyardBuried in backyard Also transformed public buildings to bomb sheltersAlso transformed public buildings to bomb shelters

Bomb Shelters Contd.Bomb Shelters Contd. Not designed well in 1960’s Not designed well in 1960’s

Occupants Suffered Occupants Suffered Heat exhaustion and suffocation Heat exhaustion and suffocation

Occupants: stay in shelter for several monthsOccupants: stay in shelter for several months Recommended Recommended

Battery-powered radioBattery-powered radio Lanterns Lanterns Sleeping bags Sleeping bags

Bomb Shelters Contd.Bomb Shelters Contd.

Food and drink recommended Food and drink recommended Variety of canned goodsVariety of canned goods Bottled drinking water/water storage drum Bottled drinking water/water storage drum First-aid kitFirst-aid kit

Recreational and other materials Recreational and other materials recommended recommended

BookBook GamesGames Writing materialsWriting materials

Bomb Drills in SchoolBomb Drills in School Drop and Cover createdDrop and Cover created

Drop to avoid flying objects Drop to avoid flying objects Cover to avoid being burned or getting cutCover to avoid being burned or getting cut

Air raid drill were created in the early 1950’s Air raid drill were created in the early 1950’s Bert the turtle explained to Drop and Cover during an air raid Bert the turtle explained to Drop and Cover during an air raid

drill drill

Harry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman

Became president Became president after Roosevelt’s after Roosevelt’s DeathDeath April 12, 1945April 12, 1945 End of WWII End of WWII Start of the Cold WarStart of the Cold War

Proposed the Truman Proposed the Truman DoctrineDoctrine

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine

Proposed by President TrumanProposed by President TrumanHelp stop the spread of CommunismHelp stop the spread of CommunismFinancial and military aid to Financial and military aid to

Greece and TurkeyGreece and TurkeyUrgent request to stop communist countries Urgent request to stop communist countries

from invadingfrom invading Spent $400 million dollars to help Greece and Spent $400 million dollars to help Greece and

TurkeyTurkey

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

Also called European Recovery ProgramAlso called European Recovery ProgramDeveloped at the Paris Economic Developed at the Paris Economic

Conference Conference By Secretary of State George MarshallBy Secretary of State George Marshall

Made to help European countries after Made to help European countries after WWIIWWII

Think about it… what could of happened if Think about it… what could of happened if SALT 1 and 2 weren’t created?SALT 1 and 2 weren’t created?

Purpose: reduce Nuclear weapons

1st LeadersRichard Nixon

And LeniodBrezhev

Help prevent Countries from

EnteringNuclear war

Held in Helsinki, Held in Helsinki, Finland ,Finland ,

in 1970 2in 1970 2ndnd In 1979In 1979

2nd leaders Jimmy Carter

AndLeniod Brezhev

US and USSR

SALT 1 and 2

SputnikSputnik

First man made SatelliteFirst man made SatelliteLaunched by Soviet Union in October 4, Launched by Soviet Union in October 4, 1957 1957 Entered the countries into a arms race Entered the countries into a arms race and space race and space race Made to be launched into space to orbit Made to be launched into space to orbit around the earth around the earth Took 3 months Took 3 months

Dismantled-1990

a failed gamblea failed gamble by the Communists by the Communists

to keep powerto keep power

First Built WithBarbed Wire

Switched to Concrete watch

towers

Prevented East BerlinersFrom entering

West Berlin

Built- August 1961. A time of

growing tensions between East

and West Berlin

The Berlin Wall

The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall

Germany and Berlin split into 4 zonesGermany and Berlin split into 4 zonesU.S.S.R., U.S., France, and Britain U.S.S.R., U.S., France, and Britain

The U.S., France, and Britain combined The U.S., France, and Britain combined forming East Germany and East Berlinforming East Germany and East Berlin

U.S.S.R. mad West Germany and BerlinU.S.S.R. mad West Germany and Berlin

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis Khrushchev sought to place Khrushchev sought to place

missiles close to the U.S.missiles close to the U.S. Soviets and Cuba thought U.S. Soviets and Cuba thought U.S.

would invade Cubawould invade Cuba They deploy nuclear missilesThey deploy nuclear missiles 1962- Soviets had only 50 1962- Soviets had only 50

bombers and missilesbombers and missiles Missiles only 90 miles from U.S.Missiles only 90 miles from U.S. Warheads the size of Hiroshima Warheads the size of Hiroshima

bombbomb Start- October 14Start- October 14 End- October 28End- October 28

John F. Kennedy During WarJohn F. Kennedy During War President of the United States from 1961-1963President of the United States from 1961-1963 On Oct. 16 he found out about the missilesOn Oct. 16 he found out about the missiles Oct. 18 conferred with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affaires- Andrei Oct. 18 conferred with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affaires- Andrei

GromykoGromyko Stated that the missiles were for defenseStated that the missiles were for defense

Oct. 20 Kennedy spent entire day conferring with advisersOct. 20 Kennedy spent entire day conferring with advisers Two military options:Two military options:

Surgical air strike against the basesSurgical air strike against the bases Or a naval blockade of CubaOr a naval blockade of Cuba

He announced that any missile launched at the U.S. from Cuba He announced that any missile launched at the U.S. from Cuba would be a Soviet attackwould be a Soviet attack

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Khrushchev

1953- Named head of Communist Party 1953- Named head of Communist Party Did not want war with Western Countries Did not want war with Western Countries 1962- Wanted missiles in Cuba1962- Wanted missiles in Cuba Americans citizens got angry at:Americans citizens got angry at:

- U.S. government because they said they will - U.S. government because they said they will remove missiles from Italy and Turkey if missiles remove missiles from Italy and Turkey if missiles are removed from Cuba are removed from Cuba

Think about it… what could have happened if Think about it… what could have happened if the U.S. didn’t say that they would remove the U.S. didn’t say that they would remove nuclear missiles from Italy and Turkey?nuclear missiles from Italy and Turkey?

Fidel CastroFidel CastroBorn in 1926 in Havana Born in 1926 in Havana President of CubaPresident of CubaWanted to extend Wanted to extend

Cuban revolutionCuban revolutionNeeded help from Soviet UnionNeeded help from Soviet UnionCuban economy depended on billions of Cuban economy depended on billions of Soviet moneySoviet moneyCuba becomes allies with Soviet UnionCuba becomes allies with Soviet Union

The End to the WarThe End to the War

The world averted a nuclear warThe world averted a nuclear warThe terror of a nuclear missile hitting you was The terror of a nuclear missile hitting you was

overoverNo country actually detonated a nuclear No country actually detonated a nuclear

bomb on another countrybomb on another country

Big Question

• What would have happened if nuclear weapons were never created?

FinishedFinishedVideo:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk5uRO2dmRA